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Labelling regarding man Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells using precious metal nanorods by simply biomimicry technique.
Indeed, chemical recycling and upcycling is a bright path to a circular and environmentally friendly plastic economy.Despite decades of research related to teaching and learning, the findings have made little impact on classroom teaching and learning. This paper briefly describes the four existing methods to close this gap, with more extensive analyses of the limitations of one of the four methods, which is to consolidate and distill robust laboratory findings reported over the past decades and attempt to translate them for classroom practice. An alternative method is proposed, which is to translate a theory of how students learn, called Interactive, Constructive, Active, Passive (ICAP), so that teachers and practitioners can translate their understanding of such a theory into practice themselves, thereby giving teachers autonomy, flexibility, generalizability, and ownership of their own designed interventions based on ICAP. The paper proposes that in order to close the research-practice gap, a multi-step empirical translation research framework is needed.Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that converts adenosines to inosines in metazoans' transcriptomes. However, the landscapes of editomes have considerably changed during evolution. Here, we review some of our current knowledge of A-to-I editing in the metazoan transcriptomes, focusing on the possible evolutionary driving forces underlying the editing events. First, we review the evolution of ADAR gene family in animals. Then, we summarize the recent advances in characterizing the editomes of various metazoan species. Next, we highlight several factors contributing to the interspecies differences in editomes, including variations in copy number and expression patterns of ADAR genes, the differences in genomic architectures and contents, and the differences in the efficacy of natural selection. After that, we review the possible diversifying and restorative effects of the editing (recoding) events that change the protein sequences. Finally, we discuss the possible convergent evolution of RNA editing in distantly related clades. This article is categorized under RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification.Spinosyns, including spinosad and spinetoram, act on the insect central nervous system, gradually paralyzing or destroying the target insect. Spinosad resistance is associated with loss-of-function mutations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α6 subunit in a number of agricultural pests. Using gene editing, nAChR α6 has been verified as a target for spinosyns in five insect species. Recently, a point mutation (G275E) in exon 9 of nAChR α6 was identified in spinosad-resistant strains of Thrips palmi and Tuta absoluta. To date, no in vivo functional evidence has been obtained to support that this mutation is involved in spinosyn resistance in lepidopteran pests. see more In this study, the G275E mutation was introduced into the nAChR of Spodoptera exigua using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene-editing technology. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing confirmed that this mutation was present in exon 9 of the nAChR transcripts in the edited 275E strain. The results of bioassays showed that the 275E strain was highly resistant to spinosad (230-fold) and spinetoram (792-fold) compared to the unedited background strain, directly confirming that the G275E mutation of the nAChR α6 subunit confers high levels of spinosyn resistance in S. exigua. Inheritance analysis showed that the resistance trait is autosomal and incompletely recessive. This study employs a reverse genetics approach to validate the functional role played by the G275E mutation in nAChR α6 of S. exigua in spinosyns resistance and provides another example of the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology to confirm the role played by candidate target site mutations in insecticide resistance.
To report the long-term outcomes of large diameter epiretinal lyophilized amniotic membranes (lAMs) in recurrent or persistent macular holes (MHs) with or without rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), in a prospective interventional case series.

Ten eyes of 10 patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy for MH-associated RRD (n=5) or persistent MH without RRD (n=5), in a university Hospital. A 3 or 4mm diameter disc of lAM, stained with 0.06% trypan blue, was inserted with a catheter through a sclerotomy and positioned over the MH. Gas or silicone-oil tamponade was used. At 1year, the main outcome was anatomic success defined as complete MH closure. Secondary outcomes were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) recovery, changes in ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) defects, complications. Mean follow-up was 13.8±2.9months (range, 12-18).

Mean baseline data were minimum and maximum diameters, respectively, 945±330 and 1507±717μm; axial length 26.58±3.38mm; and number of prior surgeries 1.4±0.96. At 1year, anatomic success was achieved in eight eyes (80%), and two had reduced diameter of MH. All RRDs were reattached without recurrence. Mean logMAR BCVA improved from 1.92±0.58 to 1.17±0.57 (p<0.001), with nine eyes (90%) achieving ≥0.3 logMAR improvement. Mean EZ and ELM defects decreased (p=0.004, p=0.003, respectively). Postoperative complications were RRD (n=1) reattached by subsequent surgery, lAM slightly retracted under silicone (n=1), foveal atrophy after early lAM displacement (n=1).

A 1-year follow-up highlighted that epiretinal large discs of blue-stained lAM can help safely close refractory MHs, and provide satisfactory visual recovery.
A 1-year follow-up highlighted that epiretinal large discs of blue-stained lAM can help safely close refractory MHs, and provide satisfactory visual recovery.In Brazil, there is a large diversity of species of small edible fruits that are considered sources of nutrients and functional properties. They present a high innovation domain for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries due to their health-promoting properties. Edible fruits from Brosimum gaudichaudii (Moraceae) are widely consumed and used in folk medicine and in feed by the population of the Brazilian Cerrado. Nevertheless, detailed information on the chemical fingerprint, antiradical activity and safety aspects of these fruits is still unknown. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the bioactive compounds of hydroethanolic extracts of fruits from Brosimum gaudichaudii using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization (HPLC ESI-MS). Eighteen different compounds, including flavonoids, coumarins, arylbenzofurans, terpenoids, stilbenes, xanthones and esters, were detected. Moreover, the study indicated that the hydroethanolic extract of fruits from B. gaudichaudii presented low scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (IC50 >800 μg mL-1 ) and was cytotoxic (IC50 less then 30 μg mL-1 ) in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) by an in vitro assay. This is the first report of the chemical profile, antioxidant activity and cytotoxic properties of the hydroethanolic extract of fruits from B. gaudichaudii.
Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Japanese Americans, Native Hawaiians, and African Americans have higher incidences of pancreatic cancer (PCa) that are not entirely explained by rates of obesity but may be explained by weight changes throughout adulthood.

The multiethnic cohort is a population-based prospective cohort study that has followed 155,308 participants since its establishment between 1993 and 1996. A total of 1,328 incident cases with invasive PCa were identified through 2015. We conducted separate multivariable Cox proportional hazards models for self-reported weight-change and BMI-change (age 21 to cohort entry) to determine the association with PCa risk, adjusting for potential confounders including weight or BMI at age 21.

The mean age at cohort entry was 59.3years (SD 8.9). An increased risk of PCa was associated with 1) weight (HR per10lbs=1.06; 95% CI=1.03-1.09) or BMI (HR per kg/m
=1.04; 95% CI=1.02-1.05) at age 21; and 2) weight (HR per 10lbs=1.03; 95% CI=1.01-1.05) or BMI (HR=1.02; 95% CI=1.00-1.03) at cohort entry. We found increased risk of PCa between weight (HR per 10lbs=1.03; 95% CI=1.01-1.05) and BMI (HR per 5kg/m
=1.08; 95% CI=1.01-1.15) change from age 21 to baseline. There were significant interactions between race/ethnicity and weight (p=0.008) or BMI (p=0.03) at baseline, and weight (p=0.02) or BMI (p=0.02) change. Weight and BMI change through adulthood significantly increased the risk of PCa for Japanese Americans and Latinos, but not for African American, White, or Hawaiian participants.

Our findings indicate that weight or BMI gain has a significant and independent impact on PCa risk, specifically among Latinos and Japanese Americans.
Our findings indicate that weight or BMI gain has a significant and independent impact on PCa risk, specifically among Latinos and Japanese Americans.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of death from lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children, and is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality in older adults. Vaccines for pregnant women and elderly which are in phase III clinical studies target people with pre-existing natural immunity against RSV. To investigate the background immunity which will be impacted by vaccination, we single cell-sorted human memory B cells and dissected functional and genetic features of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) induced by natural infection. Most nAbs recognized both the prefusion and postfusion conformations of the RSV F-protein (cross-binders) while a smaller fraction bound exclusively to the prefusion conformation. Cross-binder nAbs used a wide array of gene rearrangements, while preF-binder nAbs derived mostly from the expansion of B-cell clonotypes from the IGHV1 germline. This latter class of nAbs recognizes an epitope located between Site Ø, Site II, and Site V on the F-protein, identifying an important site of pathogen vulnerability.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes serious respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia and lung failure, was first reported in mid-December 2019 in China and has spread around the world. In addition to causing serious respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia and lung failure, there have been conflicting reports about the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the semen of patients who were previously diagnosed with COVID-19 and possible implications for the male reproductive tract.

The goal for the present study was to review the current status of the literature concerning COVID-19 and male reproduction.

An electronic literature search was done by using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Relevant papers, concerning SARS-COV-2 and COVID-19 and male reproduction, published between January 2020 and December 2020 were selected, analyzed and eventually included in the present literature review.

SARS-CoV-2 may infect any cell type expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), including reproductive cells.
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