Notes

Influence from the primary cereals and give food to way of the particular rearing period diets upon functionality, intestinal tract, and the entire body features of brown-egg laying pullets from hatch out in order to 17 several weeks old enough.
This overview defines the major ultrasound markers and criteria used in the sonographic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of extratubal and some rare forms of ectopic pregnancy.
The advances in perinatal intensive care have increased the survival rate of extremely low birthweight (ELBW) and gestational age infants. Among them the risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains high.

To evaluate the frequency of BPD by birthweight and gestational age, to identify the main postnatal risk factors and the associated comorbidities.

683 VLBW infants (< 1500g) were admitted in NICU from 2008 to 2010. 597 survived more than 28 days and were included in this study. BPD was diagnosed if supplemental O2 for the first 28 days was necessary; the severity was assessed by the need of O2 and/or ventilator support at 36 gestational weeks (gw).

27.6% (n = 164) infants were with supplemental O2 at 28d of life (BPD-group), 10.9% (n = 65) were with moderate, 3.9% (n = 23) with severe BPD (FiO2 > 30% and/or ventilator support). Infants with BPD were with significantly higher CRIB (9.9 ± 3.1) compared with those without BPD (4.0 ± 3.0), p < 0.0001. The frequency decreased progrt and CRIB. Additional risk factors are low A pgar scores, PDA and air leak syndrome. Associated comorbidities as severe brain injury and ROP further worsen the long term prognosis.
To assess the role of prenatal conventional (2D) and volume (3D/4D) ultrasound on maternal-fetal bonding and to investigate its emotional impact on women's perceptions.

Overall 133 pregnant women with a mean maternal age 29.81 ± 5.56 years presented for a routine first and second trimester scan in MC "Markovs" and University hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology "Maichin dom", Sofia, Bulgaria. All participants had uncomplicated singleton pregnancies with no fetal abnormalities. The women were asked to complete a questionnaire in two parts. The first part assessed the patient's understanding and knowledge about the different imaging modalities (2D and 3D), the level of maternal-fetal attachment and the overall expectations about the scan. The second part of the questionnaire was completed after the examination and assessed the expectations of the mode of visualization, the emotional perceptions of the fetus and the maternal-fetal attachment.

Maternal-fetal bonding increased after both the 2D and 3D/4D ultrasound examination. However, almost half of the pregnant women did not understand the difference between the two imaging modalities. There was no accumulative effect of prenatal ultrasound on maternal-fetal bonding in late gestation. Most of the patients declared that the scan had improved their overall perception of the fetus. Maternal age, educational status and gestational age had no significant impact on understanding and improving womens' emotional perceptions.

Prenatal 2D and 3D/4D ultrasound has a positive impact on antenatal emotional maternal-fetal bonding, particularly when performed in the first trimester.
Prenatal 2D and 3D/4D ultrasound has a positive impact on antenatal emotional maternal-fetal bonding, particularly when performed in the first trimester.
The development of the fetal aorta ends with the formation of the aortic arch which normally branches into three blood vessels 1) a. brachiocephalica (a. Androgen Receptor Antagonist chemical structure innominata), which divides into the right subclavian artery (RSA) and the right carotid artery; 2) the left carotid artery; and 3) the left subclavian artery. Occasionally, RSA originates as a separate fourth branch of the aortic arch, passing behind the trachea with an oblique course to the right shoulder. This rare variant is called an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) and is observed in approximately 2% of normal individuals. On the other hand, the reported incidence of ARSA varies between 25 and 37% in cases with Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities.

To evaluate the success rate of ultrasound visualization of the fetal RSA between 18 and 23 weeks of gestation and to establish the importance of the prenatal diagnosis of ARSA in the risk assessment for fetal chromosomal abnormalities in the second trimester.

Three experienced sonogany structural and chromosomal abnormalities. The pregnancy had a favourable perinatal outcome at term.

Visualization of RSA and prenatal diagnosis of ARSA in the second trimester is relatively easy in experienced hands. The examination slightly prolongs the fetal morphology scan. Since there is an obvious association between ARSA and chromosomal fetal abnormalities, implementation of its sonographic evaluation in the protocol of fetal echocardiography in the second trimester is strongly recommended.
Visualization of RSA and prenatal diagnosis of ARSA in the second trimester is relatively easy in experienced hands. The examination slightly prolongs the fetal morphology scan. Since there is an obvious association between ARSA and chromosomal fetal abnormalities, implementation of its sonographic evaluation in the protocol of fetal echocardiography in the second trimester is strongly recommended.
The first trimester scan at 11+0-13+6 weeks of gestation (wg.) plays an important role in contemporary perinatal care. Implementation of high frequency 3D volume probes allows acquisition of high quality volume data sets with increased spatial resolution. Consequently, better assessment of many fetal organ systems can be performed at an early gestational age.

To evaluate the success rate of 3D ultrasound visualization of major anatomic fetal organ systems after a single 3D volume data aqcuisition at 11+0-13+6 w.g.

A group of 186 first-trimester fetuses were scanned in MC "Markovs", Sofia between 01.11.2013-01.09.2014 with Voluson 730 Expert (GE Healthcare) ultrasound equipment. Aqcuisition of multiple 3D volumes of the entire fetus (transabdominally or transvaginally) were obtained in each case during fetal quiescence. An off-line analysis with a specialized software on a single 3D volume data set was then performed. All major fetal organ systems normally examined during the first trimester scan were analyzed.

Visualization after acquisition of a single 3D volume from the entire fetus was achieved in more than 90% of cases. Lower success in the visualization was encountered with the following fetal structures lips and retronasal triangle (76.3%), fetal profile (85.5%), skin over the spine (76.3%), bladder and kidneys (80.6%). The complete fetal anatomy survey was successful in more than 70% of the cases.

Acquisition of a single 3D volume data set from the complete fetus at 11+0 to 13+6 w.g. provides appropriate information for the basic evaluation of all major fetal anatomic structures.
Acquisition of a single 3D volume data set from the complete fetus at 11+0 to 13+6 w.g. provides appropriate information for the basic evaluation of all major fetal anatomic structures.Estimation of the state of the genetic diversity and the originality of the breed structure is required for the conservation and management of domestic breeds of agricultural animals. The Romanov breed of sheep from the leading breeding and gene pool farms in Yaroslavl oblast (Russia) is the object of our study. ISS R fingerprinting was used as a molecular method of the study of sheep gene pools. Forty-three DNA fragments were detected (25 and 18, respectively) by two primers ((AG)9C and (GA)9C). Of the discovered ISSR markers, 81% were polymorphic. The coefficient of genetic originality was for the first time used for the study of the specificity and originality of the Romanov-breed gene pool. Based on its values, the studied individuals were divided into five classes depending on the frequency of the ISSR fragment. The most original or the rarest, as well as typical genotypes, were singled out in the Romanov sheep gene pool. Use the obtained data on genetic originality was proposed as a means to increase the efficiency of selection and breeding during the breeding of autochthonous breeds of domesticated animal species.Biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase is the key enzyme involved in the bacterial destruction of biphenyl and polychlo- rinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are highly stable toxic compounds. The diversity of bphA1 genes encoding the biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase a subunit of biphenyl-decomposing bacteria from the microbial community of the Bering Sea coastal sediments (the Anadyr port area) was studied. The enrichment culture was obtained by the incubation of bottom sediments samples with biphenyl as the only carbon source. It was followed by total DNA extraction and PCR analysis with degenerate primers specific to the bacterial biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase a subunit genes. Subsequent cloning of the PCR products led to the identification of three types of aromatic dioxygenase genes, which appeared to be phylogenetically close to the genes of the biphenyl/toluene dioxygenase and 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase subfamilies of the Actinomycetales bacteria.Extracellular Serratia marcescens nuclease is an extremely active enzyme which non-specifically degrades RNA and DNA. Its antiviral activity was previously shown both in animals and in plants when applied exogenously. Transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L cv. SR1) expressing S. marcescens chimeric, mutant, and intracellular mutant nuclease gene variants were regenerated and challenged with tobacco mosaic virus. The transgenic plants exhibited a higher level of resistance to the virus infection than the control non-transgenic plants. The resistance was evidenced by the delay of the appearance of mosaic symptoms and the retarded accumulation of viral antigen. Thus, these results reveal that modulations of both extracellular nuclease activity and intracellular RNA/DNA binding can protect plants against viral diseases.An association study was performed for genetic polymorphisms in ADRB3 (rs4994) and ADRA2A (rs1800544, rs553668) genes to estimate their effect on quantitative parameters, including glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR index in women from the Tatar population of Russia. It has been shown that CT and CC are associated with metabolic syndrome and increased insulin. It was shown that ADRA2A (rs1800544) gene polymorphism was associated with high levels of insulin and an increased HOMA-IR index in GG- and GC-genotype carriers.The population structure of endemic species Sergentia baicalensis (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Lake Baikal was studied using the first subunit of the cytochrome C oxidase mitochondrial gene (Col). Two populations inhabiting different basins of this lake, the southern-central and northern, were detected. It was confirmed that the divergence time of this species was dated to Late Miocene (9.53 ± 3.9 Mya), during the period when geographically separated basins existed in the Baikal rift zone.Polytene chromosomes of ovarian nurse cells of Anopheles mosquitoes form strong contacts with the nuclear envelope. The presence of contacts, their position at nurse cell chromosomes, and their morphological features are species-specific in malaria mosquitoes. It is important to determine the nature of these interspecies differences in the nuclear architecture, both to understand the function of the nucleus and to assess the role of the spatial organization of chromosomes in evolution. Using dot-blot hybridization, we compared DNA sequences of the clone library from the X-chromosome attachment region to the nuclear envelope of ovarian nurse cells of Anopheles messeae with DNA-probes (1) of the X-chromosome attachment region of An. atroparvus, (2) of the 3R chromosome attachment region ofAn. messeae, and (3) of the chromosome 2 pericentromeric region of An. messeae, without expressed contacts with the nuclear envelope. It has been shown that the chromosome attachment regions have a significantly higher number of homologous DNA sequences as compared with the pericentromeric region of chromosome 2.
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