Notes

Punished regression for left-truncated and also right-censored success info.
You will also find within these lines a call for upstream social change in how our society rectifies historical social, environmental, and health injustice and inequities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).In their article "Integrated Care Improves Mental Health in a Medically Underserved U.S. Mexico Border Population," Flynn, Gonzalez, Mata, Salinas, and Atkins (see record 2020-40858-002) report on an integrated care model using promotoras to address diabetes in a Latino population. PHI-101 FLT3 inhibitor Overall, they found that participants had improved quality of life (QoL) and depression measures; however, physical health outcomes did not improve significantly compared to the comparison group. In this commentary, we draw on our expertise working with the Latino population in mental health settings, most recently with refugees at the U.S.-Mexico border, as well as our experience working on integrated care teams and our deep understanding of the impact of trauma on health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Introduction Chronic conditions, particularly diabetes, and related health conditions continue to be a major concern in the United States, especially in Hispanic populations. This study evaluated the effect of an integrated behavioral health care model, including promotoras(es), on a primarily Hispanic population living with diabetes. Method Seven hundred fifty-six participants were enrolled in an intervention (n = 329) or comparison group (n = 427) and followed up for 12 months. We used a quasiexperimental design to compare participants who received coordinated integrated behavioral health care with those who received usual care from a federally qualified health center. The outcomes were HbA1c, blood pressure, body mass index, depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and quality of life (QoL). These outcomes were analyzed as continuous variables using linear regression with backward model selection. Longitudinal analyses were conducted using a likelihood-based approach to general linear mixed models. Results A total 563 intervention (n = 239) and comparison (n = 324) participants completed an end point assessment. After adjusting for important covariates, the intervention had a QoL score 5.36 points higher than the comparison participants on average after 12 months. The trajectories of QoL and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores differed over time, with intervention participants experiencing greater improvements. There were no statistically significant differences detected for other outcomes. Discussion Enabling access to services and providers to enhance participants' ability to manage their chronic disease led to positive impacts on mental health. The connection between QoL and diabetes has been of great interest to researchers, including the effects of relationships with promotoras(es). The impact of integrating care on QoL in this vulnerable population is discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Entrepreneurs in integrated care face some of the same challenges in empirically demonstrating impact, regardless of the model of care they espouse. In this editorial, 2 leading model developers reflect on the state of the science in primary care integration, including research gaps and promising research underway. We asked these leaders to discuss conceptual areas of shared concern, and we present those with reference to the metaphor of the translational research bridge. Their insights resonate with one another and suggest a role for collaboration to advance empirical support for the implementation of integrated care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).We describe a neurobiologically informed computational model of phasic dopamine signaling to account for a wide range of findings, including many considered inconsistent with the simple reward prediction error (RPE) formalism. The central feature of this PVLV framework is a distinction between a primary value (PV) system for anticipating primary rewards (Unconditioned Stimuli [USs]), and a learned value (LV) system for learning about stimuli associated with such rewards (CSs). The LV system represents the amygdala, which drives phasic bursting in midbrain dopamine areas, while the PV system represents the ventral striatum, which drives shunting inhibition of dopamine for expected USs (via direct inhibitory projections) and phasic pausing for expected USs (via the lateral habenula). Our model accounts for data supporting the separability of these systems, including individual differences in CS-based (sign-tracking) versus US-based learning (goal-tracking). Both systems use competing opponent-processing pathways representing evidence for and against specific USs, which can explain data dissociating the processes involved in acquisition versus extinction conditioning. Further, opponent processing proved critical in accounting for the full range of conditioned inhibition phenomena, and the closely related paradigm of second-order conditioning. Finally, we show how additional separable pathways representing aversive USs, largely mirroring those for appetitive USs, also have important differences from the positive valence case, allowing the model to account for several important phenomena in aversive conditioning. Overall, accounting for all of these phenomena strongly constrains the model, thus providing a well-validated framework for understanding phasic dopamine signaling. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).The Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD) was recently developed to assess the ICD-11 model of personality disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity of the PiCD using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) and the Computerized Adaptive Test of Personality Disorders Static Form (CAT-PD-SF). We administered these tests to 328 college students (150 males, 178 females). We found that the PiCD had adequate internal consistency reliability. Correlations between scores from the PiCD scales and the criterion measures generally indicated adequate discriminant validity. Along the same lines, convergent validity was adequate for the PiCD Negative Affective, Disinhibition, and Dissocial scales. However, the evidence was more mixed for the PiCD Detachment and Anankastic domains, which may be due to limitations with the content domains for these scales. Consistent with other research and theoretical expectations, a conjoint exploratory factor analysis utilizing the PiCD and MMPI-2-RF PSY-5 scales also indicated that anankastic and disinhibition may be more appropriately conceptualized as measuring opposite poles of one construct. Implications of these findings for the PiCD and the ICD-11 model are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).The dot-probe task is a widely used experimental paradigm that evaluates attention biases within anxiety disorders. Considerable research has focused on improving the reliability of dot-probe scores because the task's original attention bias index has shown very low test-retest reliability. The current study serves as a replication and extension of Price et al. (2015), who systematically examined the effects of methodological choices on reliability of dot-probe task results. Fifty-six adults diagnosed with social anxiety disorder were asked to complete a facial dot-probe task twice, approximately 1 week apart. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were examined for 10 dot-probe attention bias indices across 55 sets of outlier cutoffs. Both Pearson's r and intraclass correlation coefficients were used. Trial-level bias score indices of mean bias toward threat and attention bias variability, which measure attention bias dynamically using individual pairs of trials, demonstrated the highest reliability and were less sensitive to changes in outlier cutoffs as compared with the dot probe's classic attention bias index and others. Results demonstrate the potential for post hoc outlier cutoff selection to artificially inflate reliability, particularly for unreliable indices. A priori cutoff selection is recommended for future research. Intraclass correlation coefficients are also recommended for assessment of reliability because Pearson's r does not account for poor agreement between scores. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Termination with patients in integrated primary care behavioral health (IPCBH) is driven by elements that are present in other psychotherapies but more strongly emphasized under the primary care model. All treatments are, by design, time limited, and require transparent communication and almost immediate preparation for termination. Because treatment occurs within a primary care relationship, however, termination conveys a different message than it does in other settings-the conclusion of an episode, but not of a treatment relationship. As with primary care for medical conditions, the expectation is that the patient may return to treatment in the future to address new problems or recurrence of the previously treated condition, possibly making the brevity of treatment episodes more acceptable. This article discusses the process of termination in IPCBH and indicates with a case example how conversations around termination evolve throughout the brief treatment process. Suggestions for addressing termination in IPCBH are adapted from the literature on termination in more traditional psychotherapies. There is currently no published research on termination in the IPCBH setting, and research is needed to clarify how termination discussions affect treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction. As IPCBH models become more common, the meaning of termination in psychotherapy may change, with decreasing emphasis on the dyadic relationship of an individual therapist and patient. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Objective The objective of the current study was to examine the driving performance of young drivers with a history of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared with an uninjured control group. The impact of cell phone related distraction (conversation and texting) and executive functioning (EF) were also explored. Method Individuals aged 16-25 years with (n = 19) and without (n = 19) a history of TBI engaged in a simulated drive under 3 distraction conditions (no distraction, cell phone conversation, and texting). Mean speed, maximum speed, standard deviation of speed, standard deviation of lane position, and crash rates were used as outcomes. The Global Executive Composite (GEC) from the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) was used to measure EF. Results Significant Injury × Distraction × GEC interaction effects were noted on max speed and speed variability, with a trending Distraction × GEC interaction noted for lane position variability. The effect of distraction was most notable among individuals with greater GEC scores, across both injury groups. Conclusions A history of pediatric TBI did not specifically impact driving performance independent of EF, with EF playing a central role in functioning across domains of driving performance. Consistent effect of EF suggests that deficits in driving performance may be associated with EF specifically, with individuals with EF difficulties following TBI at greater risk for poor driving performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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