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Combat-related gunshot and blast injuries of the craniomaxillofacial region present a unique and challenging situation for the maxillofacial and reconstructive surgeon. The devastating cosmetic deformities and severe functional debility ensuing as a result of extensive hard and soft tissue disruption caused by these highly complex injuries, can have disastrous consequences, unless managed in a swift and efficient manner, by a multidisciplinary team approach. Large calvarial defects and deformities are frequent sequelae of these injuries and could result from shattering of the cranial vault by the force of an exploding shell, mine or improvised explosive device, or due to penetration of the skull by the projectile, such as a bullet, flying splinters or shrapnel. learn more It could also result from the decompressive craniectomy carried out in these patients as a neurosurgical procedure to deal with the traumatic brain injury sustained. Management of such injuries is significantly different from that of other craniomaxilltudy also aims to analyze, review and reassess the currently accepted management perspectives and treatment protocols of combat-related cranial injuries and proposes a useful algorithm to best manage them. © The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2019.Introduction A plethora of surgical options have been described in the literature for the management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis, but one cannot subscribe to a modality that is infallible in regard to recurrence. The incidence of recurrence is attributed to poor surgical technique and poor patient compliance. This article proposes incorporation of subtle modifications into the surgical techniques that could prove to be helpful in the management and prevention of reankylosis. Materials and Methods Twenty-one patients with TMJ ankylosis with an age range of 10-29 years (mean age 19 years) were operated, of whom six (28.5%) were bilateral and 15 unilateral (71.5%), and 14 (66.6%) had a history of previous surgery for ankylosis. The preoperative and intraoperative mean inter-incisal opening (MIO) was 4.4 mm and 43.2 mm, respectively. All patients fared well at the late postoperative evaluation at 24 months with a mean MIO of 36.9 mm. Conclusion The subtle modifications address various aspects such as the adequacy of the preauricular approach, the use of a wide flame-shaped bur, the obliquity of the arthroplastic osteotomy, burnishing the residual ramal stump devoid of irrigation, temporalis muscle release and coronoidectomy, aggressive intermittent intraoperative jaw physiotherapy, mandatory use of a vacuum drain and rigorous postoperative jaw physiotherapy. © The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2019.Background Treatment modalities for cysts have evoked the greatest debates and controversies because of the size, localization, pathological formation and recurrence potential of cysts. Enucleation has been most effective and reliable method to treat cysts. It completely removes the cystic capsule, thus reducing the possibility of recurrence. Certain modifications to the method of enucleation have been proposed for ease of removal and to assure complete enucleation. Aim and objective A new modification aimed at increasing the probability of a good and complete enucleation has been proposed at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery in DAV Dental College, Yamunanagar. Method A window is created in the cystic roof with complete aspiration and evacuation of cystic contents following which the complete cystic lumen is packed with a ribbon gauze. The ribbon gauze is then wetted with normal saline or povidone iodine. Once enucleation is started at the correct plane, it gives a stable base from inside the cystic lumen due to which perforation of cyst is reduced markedly. Conclusion The newly proposed technique reduced the chances of cystic lining perforation and ensures the in toto enucleation of cysts in majority of the operated cases. © The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2019.Background Information on the dimensions of the anterior loop of mental nerve is important for dental implant placement. Aims The purpose of this study was to determine the total length of anterior loop of mental nerve from the mental foramen. Materials and Methods CBCT data of 150 patients were evaluated. Results We found that the anterior loop was absent in 56.4% of patients on the left side and 61.7% patients on the right side. 19.5% of the total patients (29 patients) had up to 4 mm length of the loop which was exactly same on both right and left sides. The remaining 16.8% on the left side (25 patients) and 14.1% on the right side (21 patients) had the length of the loop ranging between 4.1 and 8 mm. The rest 7.4% of patients on the left side and 4.7% patients on the right side had more than 8 mm of the loop length. Conclusions Based on this study, the dimensions of the anterior loop are variable and hold great significance in dental implant planning in the mandibular premolar region. © The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2019.Introduction The risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw is greater for patients receiving intravenous bisphosphonates for cancer than for patients receiving oral bisphosphonates for osteoporosis or Paget's disease. Materials and Methods This article provides a review of the treatment of Bisphosphonate induced osteonecrosis of jaws. Conclusion Bisphonates associated jaw necrosis and its relation to dentisitry and maxillofacial surgery has become common now a days. Proper diagnosis and treatment may help the patients health getting worsen. © The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2019.This paper provides an early evaluation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) against COVID-19. The main areas where AI can contribute to the fight against COVID-19 are discussed. It is concluded that AI has not yet been impactful against COVID-19. Its use is hampered by a lack of data, and by too much data. Overcoming these constraints will require a careful balance between data privacy and public health, and rigorous human-AI interaction. It is unlikely that these will be addressed in time to be of much help during the present pandemic. In the meantime, extensive gathering of diagnostic data on who is infectious will be essential to save lives, train AI, and limit economic damages. © The Author(s) 2020.Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is a well-known medicinal plant native of South America. This species has demonstrated important biological activities such as antihypertensive and vasodilator, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. However, no studies have been, so far, reported with the fruits of S. terebinthifolius as a protector of the placenta against Zika virus infection and as sunscreen agents. The present study aimed to investigate new uses for the ethanolic fruit extracts of S. terebinthifolius, from fruits'peel (STPE) and from the whole fruits (STWFE). Zika virus (ZIKV) has been linked to several fetal malformations, such as microcephaly and other central nervous system abnormalities. Thus, the potential of these natural extracts against ZIKV infection was evaluated, using an in vitro method. The photoprotective potential, determined by spectrometry, along with phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and chemical composition of both extracts were also evaluated. The chemical composition of s prepared in different concentrations of the extracts (5-10%) had shown maximum SPF values of 32.21. STWFE represents a potential natural mixture to be used in pregnancy in order to restrain placental infection by ZIKV and might potentially protect fetus against ZIKV-related malformations. The extracts exhibited photoprotective activity and some of the phenolic compounds, mainly resveratrol, catechin and epicatechin, are active ingredients in all assayed activities. The development of biotechnological/medical products, giving extra value to products from family farming, is expected, with strong prospects for success. © 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.This article provides a brief overview of the state of discourse, politics and provision of abortion in the Anglophone West, including developments in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. It then surveys three promising directions for feminist abortion scholarship. The first is work inspired by the Reproductive Justice Movement, that points to the intersectional axes of inequality that shape abortion discourse and position us in relation to reproductive choice and access issues. The second is work that examines the particularity of the constitution of the aborting body, reflecting the particularity of the pregnant body. This is a specific body, with a specific history; abortion discourse draws from and makes a significant contribution to the meaning and lived experience of this body. The third area of scholarship we highlight is that which seeks to amplify the meaning of abortion as a social good. Much abortion scholarship is attuned to a critique of negative aspects of abortion-from its representation in popular culture to restrictive law and access issues. This is critical work but/and the performative nature of abortion scholarship, like all discourse, means that it can amplify the association of negativity with abortion. The article concludes by introducing the articles contained in the special section of Women's Studies International Forum, 'Abortion at the edges Politics, practices, performances'. © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Schwannoma is a benign neural sheath tumor of the soft tissue, and its intraosseous presentation is very rare. It is estimated that intraosseous schwannomas represent 0.2% of all bone tumors. The tumor may affect any site of the skeleton, including the mandible, the sacrum, vertebral bodies, the ulna, the humerus, the femur, the tibia, the patella, the scapula, the ribs, and small bones of the hand. The involvement of the calcaneus has only been reported four times in the literature. The present study reports the case of a 49-year-old male with right hindfoot pain and a radiological finding of an osteolytic bone lesion in the calcaneus. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological study. The treatment of choice was an intralesional resection with adjuvant local control, and bone defect substitution with polymethylmethacrylate and fixation with two cannulated screws. The patient had a satisfactory postoperative evolution; after 1 year, he is asymptomatic, with good functional response and no evidence of disease. The present case report shows the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of a rare benign bone neoplasm. Moreover, intraosseous schwannoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of osteolytic calcaneal lesions.Bilateral fracture of the femoral neck secondary to seizure is a rare event. The occurrence of these lesions is related to vigorous tonic-clonic muscular contractions and to the use of anticonvulsive medications. Femoral neck fractures in young adults treated with total hip arthroplasty are the exception, and the choice of surgical access should consider several factors; the direct anterior approach is a possibility for total hip arthroplasty. The authors present the case of a 36-year-old male with bilateral fracture of the femoral neck secondary to seizure, and in regular use of phenytoin. Due to the risk of fixation failure and prolonged evolution time, bilateral total hip arthroplasty was the procedure of choice. The choice of the approach should take into consideration the patient's anatomy, material availability, and surgeon's experience. Thus, the greater ease of preparation and positioning of the patient, the shorter hospital stay, the early postoperative rehabilitation, and the mastery of the technique by the surgeon, are possible justifications for the adoption of the direct anterior approach.
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