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Carry out vision ailments boost the likelihood of joint disease in the aging adults populace?
In the middle reaches and lower reaches, the irrigation and the soil erosion of sloping land mainly contributed the heavy metal input, respectively. It was also found that the pollution degree in the upstream area was higher than that in the downstream area. The farmland soil was seriously polluted by Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu, and Cd, Zn, and Pb had high potential ecological risks. Although residents did not face the risk of non-cancer diseases, the carcinogenic risk had exceeded the acceptable level, and children were at higher risk of cancer. In addition, although the content of As in the soil was lower than that of Cd, Zn, and Pb, it had a higher carcinogenic risk.To study the effect of different cationic polyacrylamide organic dehydrating agents on sludge dewatering performance, eight commercially available cationic polyacrylamides of the same series with different properties were used. Based on the different cationic degree, they were named 9101, 9102, 9103, 9104, 9106, 9108, 9110, and 9112, respectively. Their properties were characterized by instruments and chemical analysis, and the indexes of sludge after treatment were also measured. The results showed that the properties of the eight organic dehydrants were different, among which the charge density, cationicity, viscosity, and Zeta potential had homologous trends, which all increased gradually from 9101 to 9112. The four indexes of 9112 were as high as 2.98 meq·L-1, 17.42%, 85.07 mPa·s, and 67.10 mV, respectively. The dewatering performance of sludge was improved by improving the specific resistance of filtration (SRF), floc properties, viscosity, Zeta potential, the bound water content, and the distribution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) after dosing organic dewatering agents. The results showed that the viscosity, charge density, cationic degree, and Zeta potential of the dewatering agents had a great influence on the sludge dewatering performance. The SRF of sludge was negatively correlated with the viscosity of the organic dewatering agent, and the correlation coefficient was as high as 0.92025, indicating that the sludge dewatering performance was improved mainly through the adsorption bridging effect of the organic dewatering agent in sludge dewatering.Inoculating granular sludge is an alternative method for the quick start-up of a high-performance autotrophic nitrogen removal reactor. In order to establish the response relationship between sludge activation and reactor performance, the freeze-stored granular sludge was inoculated into a continuous-flow reactor, and a control strategy of the high loading rate and high hydraulic selective pressure was carried out in this study. As a result, a one-stage partial nitritation/ANAMMOX process was started up in 34 days, and the removal efficiency of total nitrogen was over 83%, with a removal loading rate of total nitrogen of 1.67 kg·(m3·d)-1. During this period, the Image pro-plus software was employed to analyze the evolution of the characteristic dimensions of particles. A good linear positive correlation (R2=0.988) between the projected area of the erythrine zone in the inner layer and the specific nitrogen removal rate of granules was found, which provide a simple method to estimate the activity of the PN/A granules. The results of MiSeq high-throughput sequencing showed that the enrichment of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (Nitrosomonas) and the wash-out of heterotrophic bacteria (such as Denitratisoma and Haliangium, etc.) were achieved in the start-up of the reactor. Meanwhile, the improvement in granular compactness was in favor of activating anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (Candidatus_Kuenenia, abundance>30%) that colonized the inner layer of the granules.Cyclodextrin can form host-guest inclusion complexes with a variety of organic pollutants and has unique advantages in removing complex dye molecules from water. In this study, a porous cyclodextrin polymer (P-CDP) was prepared using a rigid crosslinking agent, and the structure of the P-CDP was characterized by FT-IR, XPS, SEM, BET, and other technologies. The P-CDP was studied using isothermal adsorption and kinetic adsorption experiments. The inclusion adsorption performance and host-guest effect of the P-CDP for dye molecules in water were studied using competitive experiments. The characterization results showed that the P-CDP had strong thermal stability. It had a microporous structure with a specific surface area of 108.745 m2·g-1. The Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model had a higher fitting degree for the adsorption process. The results of the competition experiments showed that the electrostatic effect was stronger than the host-guest effect in the adsorption process. Pollutants whose molecular configurations were highly matched with the cyclodextrin cavity could form inclusion complexes with high molecular stability. Contaminants with strong hydrophobicity were more likely to be encapsulated in the cyclodextrin cavity. After the P-CDP adsorbed the dyes, the removal efficiency after the fifth cycle of elution and regeneration remained above 80%. This study showed that P-CDP has potential application value in the treatment of dye wastewater.This study used a novel nitrogen-doped biochar (N-C) to catalyze the oxidative degradation of IBP in water by ozone and studied the catalytic ozone oxidation degradation of ibuprofen (IBP) efficiency and mechanism. Furthermore, it explored the influence of pH, ozone dosing quantity, catalyst dosing quantity, different anions, and background of water quality conditions on the IBP degradation efficiency. The results showed that, compared with that of some common carbon-based catalysts (g-C3N4, biochar, and granular-activated carbon) and metal catalysts (MnO2 and Fe3O4), the N-C catalytic ozone system had a very outstanding oxidation degradation performance of organic pollutants; the removal rate of IBP reached 100% in 5 min, and the utilization rate of ozone was increased from 10% to 46%. The treatment efficiency of the system was enhanced with the increase in pH. Compared with that by increasing the ozone dosage, the treatment capacity of the system was significantly improved by increasing the concentration of catalyst. The quenching experiment and EPR further confirmed that N-C could effectively catalyze ozone to produce more reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide radicals (·O2-) and H2O2. It was also found that·O2- was the main active substance in the reaction system and played a leading role in the degradation of IBP.The main function of quartz sand in drinking water treatment has been to remove turbidity, while the microbial effect of its solid-liquid interface has been ignored. Selleck BAPTA-AM In order to solve the limitations of control of the disinfection by-products (DBPs) and opportunistic pathogens (OPs) in common quartz sand, the common quartz sand was modified to iron sand. The maximum DBPs formation potential of typical nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) and carbonaceous disinfection by-products was determined using gas chromatography-ECD. Compared with those of sand, the inhibition effects of halonitromethanes, haloacetamides, and haloacetonitriles by the Fe-sand were increased by 51.51%, 43.66%, and 90.6%, respectively. In addition, the gene copy numbers of Hartmanella vermiformis, Legionella spp., Mycobacterium spp., M. avium, and Naegleria spp. were detected via quantitative qPCR, and the results indicated that the Fe-sand did have a similar significant inhibitory effect on OPs. The Fe-sand had limited ability to enhance the removal of NOM. However, the Fe-sand effectively inhibited the continuous contribution of biofilm to N-DBPs and opportunistic pathogens. The distribution of biofilms on the surface of the Fe-sand filter media was uniform, not likely to fall off, and more stable; however, the suspended biofilms in the effluent were more difficult to aggregate. In addition, the α-helix of the secondary structure in the extracellular protein disappeared in the effluent of the Fe-sand. Therefore, the whole suspended biofilm was easily penetrated by chlorine. The Fe-sand solid-liquid interface did significantly change the microbial community structure and suspended biofilm characteristics, which provides a new concept to ensure the safety of drinking water quality and plays a good theoretical supporting role in the improvement and transformation of the existing process in drinking water treatment plants.In order to reveal the pollution characteristics and risk levels of DBPs in typical drinking water sources in Wuhan under the COVID-19 pandemic, 26 sampling sites were selected in typical drinking water sources in Wuhan. N,N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine spectrophotometry and gas chromatograph-micro-cell electron capture detector (GC-μECD) methods were used to detect residual chlorine disinfectants and DBPs in water, respectively, and their health and ecology risks were assessed. The results showed that free chlorine or total residual chlorine were detected in 16 of the 26 water samples, and the maximum concentration was 0.04 mg·L-1, which exceeded the limit of the surface water standard in China. The concentration of residual chlorine was higher in sampling sites near the outfall of a municipal sewage plant. There were 34 types of DBPs measured in 10 sampling sites, and 24 types of substances were detected with the detection rate of 10.00%-100.00%. The ρ (total DBPs) was in the range of 0.11-104.73 μg·L-1, with an average value of 7.26 μg·L-1. The concentration of chloroform was the highest among all the DBPs, ranging from 9.98 μg·L-1 to 11.15 μg·L-1, with an average value of 10.47 μg·L-1. The concentration of 2-bromo-2-iodoacetamide was the lowest, ranging from ND-0.11 μg·L-1, with an average value of 0.01 μg·L-1. The overall detection level of the DBPs area was low in this study area, and the result of the health risk assessment showed that the DBPs had no carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic health risks to human body. However, the results of the ecological risk assessment showed that chloroform presented a high ecological risk to aquatic organisms.Understanding the spatial connection between urban basic elements and pollutants in road-deposited sediment (RDS) is beneficial to the quantitative explanation of source areas and the precise management of urban nonpoint source pollution. The objective of this study was to explore the spatial connection between urban basic elements and nutrient contents in RDS, using Hanyang district of Wuhan city as a case study area. Total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), exchangeable phosphorus (Ex-P), aluminum-bound phosphorus (Al-P), iron-bound phosphorus (Fe-P), occluded phosphorus (Oc-P), apatite phosphorus (Ca-P), detrital apatite phosphorus (De-P), and organophosphorus (Or-P) were chosen as representative pollutants, using the kernel density of the road network and seven groups of points of interest to represent the spatial distribution of urban basic elements. Through correlation analysis, the relationship between urban basic elements and nutrient contents in RDS was examined. The results showed that nutrient cDS was under 450 μm and more robust when the particle size of the RDS was under 150 μm.
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