Notes

[Comment in report: "Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte percentage as a solution biomarker related to neighborhood obtained pneumonia"].
peutic response.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is associated with the presence and severity of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of OSA and NAFLD and to recognize a polysomnographic parameter correlated with progression of fibrosis, determined by a non-invasive score of liver fibrosis, FIBrosis-4 index (FIB-4), in patients affected by severe obesity and OSA.

We enrolled 334 patients (Body Mass Index, BMI 44.78 ± 8.99kg/m
), divided into classes according to severity of OSA evaluated with Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) OSAS 0 or absent (17%), mild OSA (26%), moderate OSA (20%), severe OSAS (37%). We studied anthropometric, polysomnographic, biochemical data and FIB-4. A multiple regression model was computed to identify a polysomnographic independent predictor of FIB-4 among those parameters previously simple correlated with FIB-4.

The severity of OSA was associated with a decrease in High-Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) and an increase in BMI, triglycerides, Homeostasis model assessment insulin-resistance index (HOMA), transaminases and FIB-4. FIB-4 correlated with sex, age, BMI, AHI, mean percentage oxyhaemoglobin (meanSaO2%), number of desaturations, platelets, transaminases, HDL, triglycerides and HOMA. The only variables independently related to FIB-4 were sex, BMI, triglycerides and meanSpO2 (r = 0.47, AdjRsqr = 0.197).

MeanSpO2% represented an independent determinant for the worsening of FIB-4 in patients with severe obesity and OSA. Hence, it could hypothesize a clinical role of meanSaO2% in recognizing patients with obesity and OSA and higher risk of developing advanced fibrosis and, thus, to undergo further investigation.

Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort analytic studies.
Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort analytic studies.To optimize functional outcomes after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), surgical preservation of the neurovascular bundle is desired. However, nerve-sparing surgery (NSS) is only feasible in the absence of extraprostatic tumour extension (T-stage 3) to avoid the risk of positive surgical margins (PSM). Multiparametric magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly performed for primary prostate cancer and provides information on local tumour stage. In this study, we evaluated whether the availability of information from MRI influenced the incidence of PSM. A total of 523 patients undergoing RARP for localized prostate cancer in a single Dutch reference centre for prostate-cancer surgery were retrospectively evaluated (2013-2017). Patient characteristics and postoperative outcomes were retrieved. Patients were stratified according to the presence of a preoperative MRI. The incidence of PSM and proportion of patients receiving NSS was analysed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. N = 139 of 523 (26.6%) patients had a preoperative MRI scan available. Patients with MRI had identical preoperative characteristics compared to the patients without MRI, except for a higher percentage of patients having a prostate-specific antigen value ≥ 20 ng/mL (20.1% versus 9.4%, p = 0.004). PSM were present in 107/384 (27.9%) patients without MRI compared to 36/139 (25.9%) patients with an MRI scan before surgery (p = 0.66). Unilateral NSS was performed more often in the MRI group (26.6% vs. 11.7%), but NSS on both sides was more frequently performed in patients without MRI (57.6% versus 69.8%) (p  less then  0.001). MRI was not associated with PSM in multivariate analysis (p = 0.265). Preoperative mpMRI imaging was not associated with lower rates of positive surgical margins in patients undergoing RARP for localized prostate cancer.
Heat acclimation and acclimatisation (HA) is typically used to enhance tolerance to the heat, thereby improving performance. HA might also confer a positive adaptation to maximal oxygen consumption ([Formula see text]), although this has been historically debated and requires clarification via meta-analysis.

(1) To meta-analyse all studies (with and without control groups) that have investigated the effect of HA on [Formula see text] adaptation in thermoneutral or hot environments; (2) Conduct meta-regressions to establish the moderating effect of selected variables on [Formula see text] adaptation following HA.

A search was performed using various databases in May 2020. The studies were screened using search criteria for eligibility. Twenty-eight peer-reviewed articles were identified for inclusion across four separate meta-analyses (1) Thermoneutral [Formula see text] within-participants (pre-to-post HA); (2) Hot [Formula see text] within-participants (pre-to-post HA); (3) Thermoneutral [Formula see ttion days and post-testing days can explain some of the changes in hot [Formula see text] adaptation.
Most cutting biomechanical studies investigate performance and knee joint load determinants independently. This is surprising because cutting is an important action linked to performance and non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cutting biomechanics and cutting performance (completion time, ground contact time [GCT], exit velocity) and surrogates of non-contact ACL injury risk (knee abduction [KAM] and internal rotation [KIRM] moments) during 90° cutting.

Mixed, cross-sectional study following an associative design. 61 males from multidirectional sports performed six 90° pre-planned cutting trials, whereby lower-limb and trunk kinetics andkinematics were evaluated using three-dimensional (3D) motion and ground reaction force analysis over the penultimate (PFC) and final foot contact (FFC). Pearson's and Spearman's correlations were used to explore the relationships between biomechanical variables and cutting performance andproduction) to tolerate and support the knee joint loading during cutting.
Techniques and mechanics associated with faster cutting (i.e. faster COM velocities, greater FFC braking forces in short GCTs, greater KFMs, smaller hip and knee flexion, and greater internal foot progression angles) are in direct conflict with safer cutting mechanics (i.e. PF-562271 reduced knee joint loading, thus ACL injury risk), and support the "performance-injury conflict" concept during cutting. Practitioners should be conscious of this conflict when instructing cutting techniques to optimise performance while minimising knee joint loading, and should, therefore, ensure that their athletes have the physical capacity (i.e. neuromuscular control, co-contraction, and rapid force production) to tolerate and support the knee joint loading during cutting.The present study aimed to investigate the impacts and underlying mechanisms of 14,15-DHETs on eNOS and vascular endothelial functions. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were treated with various concentrations of 14, 15-DHET. The expressions of eNOS protein and mRNA were observed at different time points. The eNOS expression and phosphorylation were subsequently detected administered with 8,9-DHET, 11,12-DHET, and 14,15-DHET, respectively. Meanwhile, 14,15-DHET action on tube formation was observed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Finally, the aorta of male C57BL/6 mice was injected with 14,15-DHET via the tail vein. The impacts of 14,15-DHET (0.4 mg/kg body weight) on the expressions of eNOS protein and mRNA and endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) were detected following 24 h. The expression of eNOS was greatly improved with the 14,15-DHET treatment compared with the BAECs, and eNOS phosphorylation sites at Ser1179, Ser635, and Thr497 were elevated. However, no statistically significant difference was revealed on total eNOS among the 8,9-DHET, 11,12-DHET, and 14,15-DHET treatment groups. Based on the upregulation of eNOS protein, eNOS mRNA levels were increased in BAECs and thoracic aorta of the male C57BL/6 mice treated with 14,15-DHET, suggesting that transcriptional activation was achieved in vascular eNOS. Moreover, 14,15-DHET enhanced tube formation abilities in HUVECs and acetylcholine(ACh)-induced EDV. These findings indicated that 14,15-DHET could improve the vascular endothelial diastolic functions of male C57BL/6 mice, and enhance the ability of tube formation, which might be related to the increase of eNOS expression.
Glaucoma is an advanced nerve disorder described by the deterioration of axon and RGCs. CMCS has been previously used as an anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant agent.

The current study aimed to explore the protective impact of CMCS against H
O
-induced injury in glaucoma in vitro.

The relative expression of lncRNA THOR and the protein expression of IGF2BP1 in H
O
-induced RGC-5 cells were detected by RT-PCR and western blot methods respectively. The cell viability was measured using MTT assay while apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. Moreover, ROS level was measured using ROS assay kit. Furthermore, the relations between THOR and IGF2BP1 were determined by using RNA pull-down.

The expression of THOR was reduced in H
O
induced RGCs
Also, RGCs viability was inhibited while the level of ROS and cell apoptosis were enhanced. CMCS treatment considerably enhanced the expression of THOR and IGF2BP1 protein and cell viability but reduced ROS level and cell apoptosis. Moreover, IGF2BP1 protein was positively regulated by lncRNA THOR. CMCS protected the RGCs from oxidative stress via regulating lncRNA THOR/IGF2BP1.

CMCS enhanced the cell viability and reduced the cell apoptosis and ROS level and protected RGCs from oxidative stress via lncRNATHOR/IGF2BP1 pathway, potentially suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glaucoma.
CMCS enhanced the cell viability and reduced the cell apoptosis and ROS level and protected RGCs from oxidative stress via lncRNATHOR/IGF2BP1 pathway, potentially suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glaucoma.A 65-year-old man with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was admitted to our hospital. Computed tomography detected bilateral pneumonia with a lung nodule suspicious for lung cancer. Lobectomy was performed 3 months after the treatment for COVID-19 without any complications. The surgical specimen revealed fibrosis below the pleura with a small collection of lymphocytes and intravascular hemorrhagic thrombosis, and no residual RNA was detected. This is the first report describing a surgical specimen after recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia, and suggests that elective thoracic surgery can be performed safely, depending on the patient's respiratory function, without infectious risk.
Symptoms of hypogonadism are often reported by subjects with normal serum testosterone (T) levels. We aimed to assess the association between clinical symptoms in andrological outpatients and sex steroids levels.

This is a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study in an Academic clinic and research unit. International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF, EF domain) and Aging Males Symptoms scale (AMS) questionnaires were completed by 635 and 574 men, respectively (mean age 47.3 ± 13.9 and 47.4 ± 13.8years, p = 0.829), free of interfering medications with complaints possibly related to hypogonadism.

Serum total/free T as well as dihydro-T (DHT) was associated with IIEF-EF and AMS scores in the overall population using univariate analyses. Multivariate approaches revealed DHT concentrations in subjects with normal T levels (n = 416, Total T > 12nmol/L) to be significant predictors of AMS scores. A 0.1nmol/l serum DHT increase within the eugonadal range was associated with a 4.67% decrease in odds of having worse symptoms (p = 0.
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