Notes

Wei-Hui Fang.
Together, these protocols for intravital imaging and subsequent analyses provide the basis for elucidating the spatiotemporal dynamics of mucosal immune cells and interactions with neighboring enterocytes under physiological or pathophysiological conditions. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1 Mouse preparation and laparotomy Support Protocol Antibody labeling of cell surface markers Basic Protocol 2 Image acquisition by spinning-disk confocal microscopy Basic Protocol 3 4D analysis of images.Data carriers using spin waves in spintronic and magnonic logic devices offer operation at low power consumption and free of Joule heating yet requiring noncollinear spin structures of small sizes. Heterometallic rings can provide such an opportunity due to the controlled spin-wave transmission within such a confined space. Here, we present a series of ScnGdn (n = 4, 6, 8) heterometallic rings, which are the first Sc-Ln clusters to date, with tunable magnetic interactions for spin-wave excitations. By means of time- and temperature-dependent spin dynamics simulations, we are able to predict distinct spin-wave excitations at finite temperatures for Sc4Gd4, Sc6Gd6, and Sc8Gd8. Such a new model is previously unexploited, especially due to the interplay of antiferromagnetic exchange, dipole-dipole interaction, and ring topology at low temperatures, rendering the importance of the latter to spin-wave excitations.
Collaboration between academic institutions and clinical practice plays an important role in supporting students' learning in clinical practice. A virtual telesimulation was incorporated to provide academic-practice collaboration between academic educators and nurse preceptors to support students' clinical education.

The purpose was to evaluate the experiences of nursing students and academic educators on the perceived impact of virtual telesimulation in clinical education.

A descriptive qualitative study using focus group discussions was conducted.

Four themes emerged "coming together to know one another" for rapport building, "learning from different perspectives" to foster clinical learning and practice, "application of learning strategy" to stimulate case-based discussion, and "reaching out to more preceptors" to optimize its impact in clinical practice.

Academic-practice collaboration using virtual telesimulation enabled students and academic educators to build rapport with clinical preceptors and learn from other practices, which in turn enhanced students' clinical learning experiences.
Academic-practice collaboration using virtual telesimulation enabled students and academic educators to build rapport with clinical preceptors and learn from other practices, which in turn enhanced students' clinical learning experiences.
To investigate possible associations to violent behavior practice, such as security sensation, from a large national representative sample of Brazilian adolescents.

Data for the present study were derived from the 2015 National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE). The independent variables of interest included questions about feeling safe on the way to and at school. The outcome was the practice of violent behaviors, including bullying. Logistic regression models were conducted to examine the relationship between violent behavior and each independent and control variable.

As for the adjusted regression model, being male (aOR 1.75; 95%CI 1.65 - 1.86), assaulted by a family member (aOR 1.74; 95%CI 1.59 - 1.90), and being assaulted in the past year (aOR 1.70; 95%CI 1.57 - 1.85) were all found to increase the chances of having a violent behavior. Furthermore, feeling safe on the way to school (aOR 0.82; 95%CI 0.74 - 0.92) and feeling safe at school (aOR 0.82; 95%CI 0.73 - 0.92) were found to reducr, this finding has significant implications for pediatricians, child psychiatrists and psychologists, other health care professionals, school professionals, and other professionals involved in adolescent health. School professionals must be ready to identify adolescents who practice violent behavior because of the potential consequences to their mental and physical health.NTO (5-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one), an energetic material used in military applications, may be released to the environment during manufacturing, transportation, storage, training, and disposal. A detailed investigation of the possible mechanism for all steps of reduction of NTO by oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase, as one of the pathways for NTO environmental degradation, was performed by computational study at the PCM(Pauling)/M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level. Obtained results reveal an overall sequence for NTO transformation into ATO (5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-one) with the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor of nitroreductase. Reduction of the nitro group to the nitroso group and the nitroso group to the hydroxylamino group follow a similar mechanism that consists of the sequential electron and proton transfer from the flavin cofactor. The hydride transfer mechanism may contribute to reduction of the nitroso group by the anionic form of the reduced flavin cofactor. Reduction of 5-(hydroxylamino)-1,2,4-triazol-3-one by the neutral form of the reduced flavin is impossible, whereas reduction of the hydroxylamino group to the amino group occurs with the anionic form of the reduced cofactor by a mechanism involving an initial proton transfer from the hydroxonium ion followed by two electrons and one proton transfers from the flavin cofactor. Small activation energies and high exothermicity support the significant contribution of oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase and other enzymes, containing FMN as a cofactor, to NTO degradation in the environment.An external-cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL)-based flow-through mid-infrared (IR) spectrometer was placed in line with a preparative size exclusion chromatography system to demonstrate real-time analysis of protein elutions with strongly overlapping chromatographic peaks. Two different case studies involving three and four model proteins were performed under typical lab-scale purification conditions. click here The large optical path length (25 μm), high signal-to-noise ratios, and wide spectral coverage (1350 to 1750 cm-1) of the QCL-IR spectrometer allow for robust spectra acquisition across both the amide I and II bands. Chemometric analysis by self-modeling mixture analysis and multivariate curve resolution enabled accurate quantitation and structural fingerprinting across the protein elution transient. The acquired concentration profiles were found to be in excellent agreement with the off-line high-performance liquid chromatography reference analytics performed on the collected effluent fractions. These results demonstrate that QCL-IR detectors can be used effectively for in-line, real-time analysis of protein elutions, providing critical quality attribute data that are typically only accessible through time-consuming and resource-intensive off-line methods.Membrane proteins (MPs) carry out important functions in the metabolism of cells, such as the detection of extracellular activities and the transport of small molecules across the plasma and organelle membranes. Expression of MPs for biochemical, biophysical, and structural analysis is in most cases achieved by overexpression of the desired target in an appropriate host, such as a bacterium. However, overexpression of MPs is usually toxic to the host cells and can lead to aggregation of target protein and to resistance to detergent extraction. An alternative to cell-based MP expression is cell-free (CF), or in vitro, expression. CF expression of MPs has several advantages over cell-based methods, including lack of toxicity issues, no requirement for detergent extraction, and direct incorporation of target proteins in various lipidic mimetics. This article describes a high-throughput method for the expression and purification of eukaryotic membrane proteins used in the author's lab. Basic Protocol 1 describes l 6 Preparation of nanodiscs Basic Protocol 3 Purification and detection of cell-free reaction products.
Safe patient care is closely linked to clinical judgment. Concerns about inadequate practice readiness and the impending inclusion of clinical judgment items on the NextGen NCLEX have resulted in increasing interest and publications about teaching clinical judgment. However, little is known about actual current practices for teaching this skill.

This research describes findings about current strategies to teach clinical judgment used in US prelicensure nursing programs.

Cross-sectional methodology was used to survey program deans and directors across the United States.

Programs are using multiple strategies to teach clinical judgment. The most common strategies used include case studies and simulation. Participants believed strategies have a positive impact on student thinking, practice readiness, and program outcomes. They described insights into implementation of teaching for clinical judgment.

The results of this research provide foundational data to inform current teaching practices and further research for this essential skill.
The results of this research provide foundational data to inform current teaching practices and further research for this essential skill.
Ongoing discussions address how and when to introduce nursing concepts in nursing education.

To examine whether baccalaureate nursing programs use 4 nursing concepts in their program and course descriptions.

Researchers explored websites of 300 US bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) programs and assigned scores based on how many of 4 nursing concepts (context, holism, health, and caring) were represented in program and 3 course descriptions.

Mean program and course scores were 2.51, 0.96, 1.17, and 1.18, respectively. Programs and courses included between 0 and 4 concepts in their descriptions. There was a significant difference in program scores between BSN programs in 4 US regions. The most frequently identified concept was "context" in program descriptions and "holism" in course descriptions.

Discipline-specific concepts are missing in many baccalaureate programs and course descriptions, which raises questions about how and when nursing students are learning what nursing is.
Discipline-specific concepts are missing in many baccalaureate programs and course descriptions, which raises questions about how and when nursing students are learning what nursing is.The Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA® ) is a federally registered protocol for simultaneous flow cytometric measures of sperm DNA integrity and chromatin structure. Fresh or frozen/thawed raw semen samples are diluted in buffer to a sperm concentration of ∼1-2×106 /ml and then treated with a pH 1.20 buffer for 30 s to open the DNA strands at sites of DNA strand breaks. The sperm are then stained with acridine orange (AO) that intercalates into double-strand DNA and fluoresces green (515-530 BP filter) and stacks on single-strand DNA that fluoresces red (630 LP filter) upon excitation from a 488 nm laser. The extent of single and double DNA strand breaks (DNA fragmentation index, %DFI) and level of excess nuclear histones (high DNA stainable sperm, %HDS) are simultaneously measured in individual sperm. From the time a fresh or frozen/thawed semen sample is received at the site of a flow cytometer (FCM) programmed for the SCSA protocol, data can be obtained within about 10 min on 5-10×103 sperm. The %DFI and %HDS can be determined by computer-gated regions on the green versus red cytogram.
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