Notes

A progressive Strategy for Dental Biofilm Control in Early Childhood Based on a Resveratrol-Cyclodextrin Nanotechnology Method.
The effects of smoking on COVID-19 severity need clarification with larger studies. Additionally, the postulated protective effects of nicotine and nitric oxide, which may presumably reduce the risk of a "cytokine storm" in infected individuals, deserve assessment by controlled clinical trials.
To document the prevalence of new headaches in patients with Covid-19 infection and the potential association with other neuro-sensorial symptoms (anosmia and ageusia). The persistence of these symptoms 1month after recovery was also documented.

Headaches are a very common symptom of viral infections. Surprisingly, early Chinese studies reported a relatively low prevalence (12-15%) of headaches associated with Covid-19.

All the patients with laboratory-confirmed or chest-CT-confirmed Covid-19 infection, diagnosed between February 27
and April 15
, 2020 in the dedicated laboratory of Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital were followed for 1month after recovery.

A total of 139 consecutive patients (mean [SD] age, 48.5 [15.3] years; 87 women [62.6%]) were interviewed 1month after disappearance of fever and dyspnea (semi-structured phone interview). Overall, 59.0% (82/139) of people with Covid-19 had mild disease, 36.7% (51/139) had severe disease, and 4.3% (6/139) had critical illness. Eighty-two (59.0%; 95% CI 50.3 to 67.3) reported new headaches during the acute phase and 3.6% (5/139) had persistent headaches 1month after fever and dyspnea remission. Anosmia and ageusia were also very common, occurring in 60.4% (84/139) and 58.3% (81/139) of the patients, respectively. These 2 symptoms persisted in 14.4% (20/139) and 11.5% (16/139) of Covid-19 patients 1month after recovery. Headaches were neither clearly associated with anosmia, nor with ageusia, and were not associated with disease severity (ie, requiring hospitalization or intensive care unit).

This specific study highlights the high prevalence of new headaches during Covid-19 infection in French patients. Further studies are needed to refine the characterization of patients with Covid-19-associated headaches.
This specific study highlights the high prevalence of new headaches during Covid-19 infection in French patients. Further studies are needed to refine the characterization of patients with Covid-19-associated headaches.
Anaesthetic injections are an unpleasant experience for children in the dental office. Oral intake of sweet substances by newborns has been shown to be effective in reducing pain.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a prior administration of a sweet-tasting solution has an effect on dental injection pain.

A total of 56 healthy children needing bilateral maxillary primary canine extraction were included in this split-mouth randomized clinical trial.In the test side, dental injection (local infiltration) was applied after the patient received a sweet-tasting solution, while in the control side sterile water was administered. The patients' demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), and sweet taste preference were recorded. Pain perception during injection was measured using visual analogue scale (VAS) and sound, eye, body movement (SEM).

Mean VAS (28.30±6.43) and SEM (2.14±0.78) in the test side were lower than the control side (45.80±7.17 and 2.95±1.00). It was shown that higher BMI was associated with reduction in the analgesic effect, while the individual's tendency to sweetness increased pain reduction.

Sweet taste administration before dental injections in children helps to control the associated pain. This effect is influenced by the individual's sweet taste tendency and BMI.
Sweet taste administration before dental injections in children helps to control the associated pain. This effect is influenced by the individual's sweet taste tendency and BMI.
The aim of the study was to enhance understanding about dignified care from older peoples' and their carers' perspectives. Dexamethasone The information will contribute to the development of a tool to measure older peoples' dignity during hospitalisation.

Older people are a vulnerable cohort at risk of loss of dignity during acute hospitalisation arising from environmental, behavioural and patient factors. It is not clear how older people and their relatives define dignified care in acute care settings.

An interpretative descriptive method was used.

A purposive sample of older people (at least 65years) who had been hospitalised in acute care and subsequently transferred to sub-acute care, and their relatives, were invited to participate. The study was undertaken in one sub-acute ward in a regional healthcare organisation in Victoria, Australia. Individual interviews were audio-recorded then transcribed. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis. The COREQ checklist was used to document reporting of the stuty-related training. Specific strategies to enhance older persons' dignity, including communication skills training and continence management need to be developed, implemented and evaluated.Genetic data implicate microglia as central players in brain health and disease, urging the need to better understand what microglia do in the brain. Microglia are critical partners in neuronal wiring and function during development and disease. Emerging literature suggests that microglia have diverse functional roles, raising the intriguing question of which functions of microglia become impaired in disease to undermine proper neuronal function. It is also becoming increasingly clear that microglia exist in heterogeneous cell states. Microglial cell states appear context-dependent, that is, age, sex, location, and health of their microenvironment; these are further influenced by external signaling factors including gut microbiota and lipid metabolites. These data altogether suggest that microglia exist in functional clusters that impact, and are impacted by, surrounding neuronal microenvironment. However, we still lack understanding of how we can translate microglia cell states into function. Here, we summarize the state-of-the-art on the diverse functions of microglia in relation to neuronal health. Then, we discuss heterogeneity during developing, healthy adult and diseased brains, and whether this may be predetermined by origin and/or regulated by local milieu. Finally, we propose that it is critical to gain high-resolution functional discernment into microglia-neuron interactions while preserving the spatial architecture of the tissue. Such insight will reveal specific targets for biomarker and therapeutic development toward microglia-neuron crosstalk in disease.
To examine whether simple mobility assessments can predict functional limitations and length of hospitalization after acoustic neuroma (AN) resection.

Prospective case series.

A prospective clinical study of adult patients undergoing AN resection by either the translabyrinthine, retrosigmoid, or middle fossa approach was conducted at a tertiary center. Preoperative mobility assessments included the functional gait assessment (FGA) and the 10-m walk (10 MW). Postoperatively, the Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AMPAC, at 48 hours), FGA, and 10 MW (at 1 week) were obtained. Demographic and medical data were collected.

One hundred and thirty-eight patients were analyzed (mean age 48.3 years, 68.8% female). Mean length of stay (LOS) was 3.1 days. The translabyrinthine approach was most commonly performed (48.6%). On regression analyses, preoperative FGA (P = 0.03) and 48-hour postoperative AM-PAC (P < 0.001) independently predicted LOS, even after accounting for age, gender, body mass index, and tumor size. On receiver operating characteristic analysis, a preoperative FGA cut score of 25.5 predicted a protracted hospital stay (>4 days) with a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 50% (area under curve 68.5).

This study demonstrated that preoperative mobility assessments can predict functional limitations and LOS after AN resection. These objective tools can be used by clinicians to manage expectations and guide preoperative counseling in patients considering surgery.

3 Laryngoscope, 131644-648, 2021.
3 Laryngoscope, 131644-648, 2021.
To develop and evaluate an educational web-based programme for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) assessment using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

A web-based educational programme was designed for TMJ assessment using CBCT images. Fifteen CBCT cases of the TMJ (three-dimensional reconstructed volumes) and an assessment module based on image analysis criteria in the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) were added to the programme. Thirty-six undergraduate dental students were invited to test the programme by assessing all cases twice before and after 2months of training. Participants submitted written subjective evaluations of the programme.

The web-based programme can be accessed on Malmö University webpage (www.cbct-tmj.mau.se). Despite limited CBCT learning in their undergraduate training and not using the programme in the 2-month interval, the students were able to correctly diagnose 80% of the cases at the second assessment. Their diagnoses, however, did not differ significantly from the first assessment. Overall, the students were satisfied with the programme and considered it user-friendly.

The web-based educational programme that was developed in the present study and tested by dental students could be a useful educational tool for TMJ assessment using CBCT.
The web-based educational programme that was developed in the present study and tested by dental students could be a useful educational tool for TMJ assessment using CBCT.
The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of nabilone, a synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol analogue, as a treatment for non-motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD).

This was a phase II placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, enriched enrollment randomized withdrawal trial conducted at the Medical University Innsbruck. A random sample of 47 patients with PD with stable motor disease and disturbing NMS defined by a score of ≥4 points on the Movement Disorder Society - Unified PD Rating Scale-I (MDS-UPDRS-I) underwent open-label nabilone titration (0.25 mg once daily to 1 mg twice daily, phase I). Responders were randomized 11 to continue with nabilone or switch to placebo for 4 weeks (phase II). The primary efficacy criterion was the change of the MDS-UPDRS-I between randomization and week 4. Safety was analyzed in all patients who received at least one nabilone dose.

Between October 2017 and July 2019, 19 patients received either nabilone (median dose = 0.75 mg) or placebo. At week 4, mean change of the MDS-UPDRS-I was 2.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53 to 3.74, p = 0.002, effect size = 1.15) in the placebo versus 1.00 (95% CI -0.16 to 2.16, p = 0.280, effect size = 0.42) in the nabilone-group (difference 1.63, 95% CI 0.09 to 3.18, p = 0.030, effect size = 0.66). Seventy-seven percent of patients had adverse events (AEs) during open-label titration, most of them were transient. In the double-blind phase, similar proportions of patients in each group had AEs (42% in the placebo group and 32% in the nabilone group). There were no serious AEs.

Our results highlight the potential efficacy of nabilone for patients with PD with disturbing NMS, which appears to be driven by positive effects on anxious mood and night-time sleep problems.

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03769896) and EudraCT (2017-000192-86). ANN NEUROL 2020;88712-722.
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03769896) and EudraCT (2017-000192-86). ANN NEUROL 2020;88712-722.
Read More: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Dexamethasone.html