Notes

Cytologic investigation involving vitreous liquids: The retrospective report on our own 24 years of experience.
In classification of the increased group, the best performance gains were determined in the 3sigma normalization schemes via LDA with an A
of 0.974 corresponding to 95.65% sensitivity, 91.30% specificity, 93.47% accuracy, 91.67% PPV, and 95.45% NPV.

Run-length matrix features not only have high potential for characterization but also can help physicians to diagnose kidney failure after transplantation.
Run-length matrix features not only have high potential for characterization but also can help physicians to diagnose kidney failure after transplantation.
Spermatogenesis system is one of the most radiosensitive organs in the body. selleck chemicals A usual therapeutic dose of radiation such as the conventional 2 Gy in each fraction of radiotherapy and lower doses seen in diagnostic radiology or a radiation disaster affect the process of spermatogenesis potently. Selenium and zinc are two important elements playing key roles in the development of sperms and also have radioprotective effects.

In this study aims to evaluate the radioprotective effect of zinc and selenium against radiation-induced mice testis injury.

In this experimental study, 30 mice were divided equally into 6 groups, including control selenium treated, zinc treated, radiation, radiation + selenium, radiation + zinc. Treatments started from 2 days before irradiation with 2 Gy cobalt-60 gamma rays. After 37 days, all mice were killed for histopathological evaluations.

Results showed that exposure to radiation caused a potent effect on spermatogenesis system. Treatment with selenium reversed these radiatio parameters.
Some organs in the body are sensitive to radiation such as eyes, breast, and gonads. Protection of sensitive organs against radiation is necessary. Recently, many sensitive organ shields have been developed from different materials.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the dose reduction and image quality from implementation of Silicone Rubber-Lead (SR-Pb) as an alternative gonad shield in digital radiography (DR).

In this experimental study, the SR-Pb gonad shields with various thicknesses of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm were synthesized. This study used the Pb percentage of 5 wt%. An anthropomorphic phantom was used in abdomen plain examinations. The results obtained from the use of the SR-Pb was compared with standard gonad shield, i.e. lead apron. To measure the dose reduction, the Piranha detector was used. The image quality assessment was evaluated with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR).

This study showed the dose reduction was significant for all SR-Pb thicknesses, and incrementally increased with the increase of the SR-Pb thickness. The minimum and maximum of dose reduction were 22.8% for 2 mm and 66.9% for 10 mm SR-Pb, respectively.

Compared to the reference image without gonad shield, the SNR and CNR do not significantly change. Hence, the SR-Pb is probably to be used as an alternative gonad shield.
Compared to the reference image without gonad shield, the SNR and CNR do not significantly change. Hence, the SR-Pb is probably to be used as an alternative gonad shield.
Radiation therapy techniques as Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), rapid arc have been used for treatment of cancer with high accuracy.

Verification of planned and delivered dose distribution is important, therefore current study aims to analyse quality assurance (QA) results of IMRT by Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID) and IMatriXX in head and neck Carcinoma (Ca H&N) patients.

In this experimental study, performance of an EPID and IMatriXX was assessed with dose measurements using ionization chamber. Calibrated IMatriXX and EPID are used for pre-treatment patient specific quality assurance (PSQA), for 122 patients' plans of Ca H&N with IMRT treatment technique on linear accelerator. Dose images were acquired and compared with gamma evaluation (3% / 3 mm) and three scalar parameters, named average γ (γ
), maximum γ (γ
) and area gamma <1, were analyzed in the region of interest.

The γ correlation comparisons yielded average correlation of 0.990 and 0.982 for IMatriXX and EPID tive dosimetry tool and is also the basis of pre-treatment quality assurance protocol.
Considering the importance of photoneutron production in linear accelerators, it is necessary to describe and measure the photoneutrons produced around modern linear accelerators.

The aim of the present research is to study photoneutron production for the 18 MV photon beam of a Siemens Primus Plus medical linear accelerator.

This study is an experimental study. The main components of the head of Siemens Primus Plus linac were simulated using MCNPX 2.7.0 code. The contribution of different components of the linac in photoneutron production, neutron source strength, neutron source strength and photon and electron spectra were calculated for the flattening filter and flattening filter free cases for the 18 MV photon beam, and was scored for three fields of 5 × 5 cm
, 10 × 10 cm
and 20 × 20 cm
in size.

The results show that the primary collimator has the largest contribution to production of neutrons. Moreover, the photon fluence for the flattening filter free case is 8.62, 6.51 and 4.62 times higher than the flattening filter case for the three fields, respectively. The electron fluences for the flattening filter free case are 4.62, 2.93 and 2.79 times higher than with flattening filter case for the three fields under study, respectively. In addition to these cases, by increasing the field size, the contribution of neutron production related to the jaws is reduced, so that when the field size increases from 5 × 5 cm
to 20 × 20 cm
, a 17.93% decrease in photoneutron production was observed.

In all of the accelerators, the neutron strength also increases with increasing energy. The calculated neutron strength was equal to 0.83×10
neutron Gy
at the isocenter.
In all of the accelerators, the neutron strength also increases with increasing energy. The calculated neutron strength was equal to 0.83×1012 neutron Gy -1 at the isocenter.Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence increases yearly, and is three to four times higher in developed countries compared to developing countries. The well-known risk factors have been attributed to low physical activity, overweight, obesity, dietary consumption including excessive consumption of red processed meats, alcohol, and low dietary fiber content. There is growing evidence of the interplay between diet and gut microbiota in CRC carcinogenesis. Although there appears to be a direct causal role for gut microbes in the development of CRC in some animal models, the link between diet, gut microbes, and colonic carcinogenesis has been established largely as an association rather than as a cause-and-effect relationship. This is especially true for human studies. As essential dietary factors influence CRC risk, the role of proteins, carbohydrates, fat, and their end products are considered as part of the interplay between diet and gut microbiota. The underlying molecular mechanisms of colon carcinogenesis mediated by gut microbiota are also discussed. Human biological responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage can all influence dysbiosis and consequently CRC carcinogenesis. Dysbiosis could add to CRC risk by shifting the effect of dietary components toward promoting a colonic neoplasm together with interacting with gut microbiota. It follows that dietary intervention and gut microbiota modulation may play a vital role in reducing CRC risk.Campylobacter jejuni express the high temperature requirement protein A (HtrA), a secreted serine protease, which is implicated in virulence properties of the pathogen. Previous studies have shown that C. jejuni HtrA can cleave the epithelial transmembrane proteins occludin and E-cadherin in the tight and adherens junctions, respectively. In the present report, we studied the interaction of HtrA with another human tight junction protein, claudin-8. Confocal immunofluorescence experiments have shown that C. jejuni infection of the intestinal polarized epithelial cells in vitro leads to a relocation of claudin-8. Wild-type C. jejuni induced the downregulation of claudin-8 signals in the tight junctions and an accumulation of claudin-8 agglomerates in the cytoplasm, which were not seen during infection with isogenic ΔhtrA knockout deletion or protease-inactive S197A point mutants. Western blotting of protein samples from infected vs. uninfected cells revealed that an 18-kDa carboxy-terminal fragment is cleaved-off from the 26-kDa full-length claudin-8 protein, but not during infection with the isogenic ΔhtrA mutant. These results were confirmed by in vitro cleavage assays using the purified recombinant C. link2 jejuni HtrA and human claudin-8 proteins. Recombinant HtrA cleaved purified claudin-8 in vitro giving rise to the same 18-kDa sized carboxy-terminal cleavage product. Mapping studies revealed that HtrA cleavage occurs in the first extracellular loop of claudin-8. Three-dimensional modeling of the claudin-8 structure identified an exposed HtrA cleavage site between the amino acids alanine 58 and asparagine 59, which is in well agreement with the mapping studies. Taken together, HtrA operates as a secreted virulence factor targeting multiple proteins both in the tight and adherens junctions. This strategy may help the bacteria to open the cell-to-cell junctions, and to transmigrate across the intestinal epithelium by a paracellular mechanism and establish an acute infection.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemics is a challenge without precedent for the modern science. Acute Respiratory Discomfort Syndrome (ARDS) is the most common immunopathological event in SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV infections. Fast lung deterioration results of cytokine storm determined by a robust immunological response leading to ARDS and multiple organ failure. Here, we show cysteine protease Cathepsin L (CatL) involvement with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and COVID-19 from different points of view. CatL is a lysosomal enzyme that participates in numerous physiological processes, including apoptosis, antigen processing, and extracellular matrix remodeling. CatL is implicated in pathological conditions like invasion and metastasis of tumors, inflammatory status, atherosclerosis, renal disease, diabetes, bone diseases, viral infection, and other diseases. CatL expression is up-regulated during chronic inflammation and is involved in degrading extracellular matrix, an important process for SARS-CoV-2 to enter host cells. In addition, CatL is probably involved in processing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. As its inhibition is detrimental to SARS-CoV-2 infection and possibly exit from cells during late stages of infection, CatL could have been considered a valuable therapeutic target. Therefore, we describe here some drugs already in the market with potential CatL inhibiting capacity that could be used to treat COVID-19 patients. In addition, we discuss the possible role of host genetics in the etiology and spreading of the disease.
E-cadherin, a hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is often repressed due to Snail-mediated epigenetic modification; however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. link3 There is an urgent need to understand the determinants of tumor aggressiveness and identify potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer.

We studied the association of RNF20 with Snail and G9a by co-immunoprecipitation. We employed quantitative real-time PCR, ChIP, transwell assay, colony formation assay, and mammosphere assay to dissect the molecular events associated with the repression of E-cadherin in human breast cancer. We used a proteogenomic dataset that contains 105 breast tumor samples to determine the clinical relevance of RNF20 by Kaplan-Meier analyses.

In this study, we identified that Snail interacted with RNF20, an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase responsible for monoubiquitination of H2BK120, and G9a, a methyltransferase for H3K9me2. RNF20 expression led to the inhibition of E-cadherin expression in the human breast cancer cells.
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