Notes

A single,10-Seco-Eudesmane sesquiterpenoids as a new kind of anti-neuroinflammatory providers by quelling TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK path ways.
This article explores the relationship between childhood obesity and educational outcomes in Mexico, a country where excess weight is predominant.

Using complementary multivariate estimators, we empirically investigate the association between childhood excess weight, measured in 2002, and schooling attainment measured 10 years later. Non-linear specifications are tested, and heterogeneous effects according to gender, living area and economic backgrounds are investigated.

To fill the literature gap, this study focuses on the understudied context of emerging countries such as Mexico.

Panel data from the Mexican Family Life Survey (2002-2012) are used. We restricted the sample to adolescent individuals who had between 9 and 15 years old in 2002 (attended primary or secondary school in 2002). The survey provides an accurate follow-up information on weight, height and waist circumference for each individual.

Controlling for a comprehensive set of covariates, we find that the relationship is non-linear in have important implications for public policy, namely about awareness anti-obesity programmes.Nanotechnology is one of the emerging fields in drug delivery for targeting the drug to the site of action. The polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery systems have gained importance for the last few decades. They offer advantages over liposomes, dendrimers, emulsions etc. Surface engineering of polymeric nanoparticles is widely utilized to effectively target the cells in various diseases such as cancer, HIV infection. Surface modified nanoparticles offer various advantages such as targeted drug delivery, reduction in side effects, dose reduction and improved therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, they can aid in improving physical and biochemical properties, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of the drug. Surface modified polymeric nanoparticles can provide targeted delivery of drugs into specific cells, especially when targets are intracellularly localized. This approach of surface modification would be more advantageous for the delivery of various anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV drugs for more effective therapy. This review focuses on the techniques used for the fabrication of polymeric nanoparticles, the material used for surface modification and their applications.The traditional oral dosage forms (tablets, capsules, syrups, and elixirs) suffer from various disadvantages. They are pretty challenging to administer to patients with dysphagia, mucositis, and vomiting tendency. see more Therefore, gaining patient compliance using conventional dosage forms is highly cumbersome. One of the most transformative and innovative approaches to overcome such challenges is Orodispersible Films, a Novel Drug Delivery System. They are easy to consume, no need to chew or swallow and they do not even require water for consumption. Therefore, several drugs have been converted into orodispersible films to gain patient compliance. link2 With the advent of these film formulations, new innovations are erupting and accordingly, companies in India are actively protecting them by filing ordinary patent applications in India and internationally under the Patent Cooperation Treaty. Patenting in India poses unique patentability challenges when compared with rest of the world. Nonetheless, meeting all the challenges and obtaining a valid patent not only help in recouping the cost involved in developing new drugs and its novel drug delivery systems but also helps in taking legal action against alleged infringers. This review article identifies key active Indian players in the domain of ODF based on their patent filings in India (and abroad) and also identifies the challenges they face to obtain a grant.
Snakebite envenomation is a global priority ranked top among other neglected tropical diseases. There is a folkloric claim that Uvaria chamae is beneficial for the management of snakebite and wounds in African ethnobotanical surveys. Besides, there are many registered patents asserting the health benefits of U. chamae.

This study aimed to investigate U. chamae's potentials and identify candidates for the development of tools for the treatment and management of N. nigricollis envenomation.

Freshly collected U. chamae leaves were air-dried, powdered, and extracted in methanol. The median lethal dose of the extract was determined and further fractionated with n-hexane, n-butanol and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was tested for neutralizing effect against venom-induced haemolytic, fibrinolytic, hemorrhagic, and cytotoxic activities.

U. chamae fractions significantly (p<0.05) neutralized the haemolytic activity of N. nigricollis venom in n-butanol; 31.40%, n-hexane; 33%, aqueous residue; 39.60% and ethyl acetate; 40.70% at the concentration of 100mg/ml of each fraction against 10mg/ml of the snake venom when compared to the positive control. The fibrinolytic activity of N. nigricollis venom was significantly (p<0.05) neutralized in n-hexane at 73.88%, n-butanol; 72.22% and aqueous residue; 72.22% by the fractions of U. chamae. In addition, haemorrhagic activity of N. nigricollis venom was significantly (p<0.05) neutralized by U. link3 chamae fractions at the concentrations of 100mg/ml, 200mg/ml and 400mg/ml except for n-butanol and aqueous residues at 400 mg/ml.

U. chamae leaves fractions possess a high level of protection against N. nigricollis venoms-induced lethality and thus validate the pharmacological rationale for its usage in the management of N. nigricollis envenomation.
U. chamae leaves fractions possess a high level of protection against N. nigricollis venoms-induced lethality and thus validate the pharmacological rationale for its usage in the management of N. nigricollis envenomation.Suffice it to say that the first traces of its use by man date back to ten thousand years ago the venom or poison since the last period of the Paleolithic man used poison to hunt and for defence. Indeed, in the second half of the 19th century, was found in some caves arrows made from the bones of animals characterized by particular grooves. In ancient Greece, the term pharmakon (φάρμακον) had a double meaning remedy for therapy and venom. This is the period in which we become aware of the fact that a poison cannot be defined only as a substance capable of changing the properties of things. The poisonings are very frequent in the history of the Roman Empire and later in the Renaissance and the modern era. Poison was the protagonist political intrigues of power and is one of the most used lethal weapons over the years. Optimal solution for a perfect murder, the poison has a long history. Its success is due to the invisible and often unpunished death.Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease (HD), are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction and death. Current studies have established detrimental modifications in brain protein function as well as structure which stimulate their aggregation, misfolding and deposition in and around the neurons, as an important hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. Posttranslational modification (PTM) of proteins including phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, palmitoylation, SUMOylation, and ubiquitination are important regulators of protein characteristics including stability, intracellular distribution, activity, interactions, aggregation and clearance. Despite clear evidence that altered protein modifications emerging from impromptu chemical modifications to side chains of amino acid is associated with neurodegeneration, the underlying mechanisms that promote aberrant PTM remain poorly understood. Therefore, elucidating PTM of specific disease associated proteins can prove to be a significant step in evaluating functional alteration of proteins and their association with neurodegeneration. This review describes how aberrant PTM of various proteins are linked with the neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis, as well as molecular strategies targeting these modifications for treating such diseases, which are yet incurable.Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by abnormally phosphorylated tau, paired helical filaments (PHFs), neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), deregulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Aβ deposits, is a multifactorial disease with sleep disorders being one of the causative agents. Therefore, we have reviewed the literature and have tried to decode the existence of positive feedback, reciprocal and a bidirectional relationship allying between sleep disturbances and AD. Much light has been thrown on the role of tau pathology and amyloid pathology in sleep pathology and its association with AD pathology. We have also discussed the role of melatonin in regulating sleep disorders and AD. The neuroprotective action of melatonin via inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ deposition has also been pondered upon. Moreover, astrocytes involvement in aggravating AD has also been highlighted in this review. Several therapeutic approaches aimed at improving both sleep disorders and AD have been duly discussed such as administration of antidepressants and antihistamines, immunotherapy, metal chelators, melatonin supplementation, light therapy and physical activity. Despite consistent efforts, the complete etiology concerning sleep disorder and AD is still unclear. Therefore, further research is needed to unravel the mechanism involved and also to develop strategies that may help in obstructing AD in its preclinical stage.
Camptothecin is known for a potent anticancer activity. However, its optimal activity is reduced due to its low solubility and stability in biological media. <P> Objective The aim of present study is to design and characterize a camptothecin (CPT) suppository formulation. <P> Methods Rectal suppositories of camptothecin alone, encapsulated with cyclodextrin (CD) and in ternary system (CPT encapsulated with cyclodextrin and dispersed in polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000) were prepared using various hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymeric bases as semi-synthetic glyceride (Suppocire® AM Pellets) and polyethylene glycols (PEGs) mixtures. Formulations were evaluated by various parameters like weight variation, drug content, hardness and liquefaction time. In vitro release study was performed in USP type I apparatus using phosphate buffer pH 7.2 as dissolution media. <P> Results Suppositories were within the permissible range of all physical parameters. In vitro drug released from water soluble base (PEG) was greater than that from oil soluble base with ninety percent (90%) of drug dissolution. It was also established that drug release from various formulations was by diffusion mechanism according to Higuchi's equation. <P> Conclusion This new formulation offers a new approach to colorectal cancer treatment by offering an alternative and simple drug administration route.
Conclusion This new formulation offers a new approach to colorectal cancer treatment by offering an alternative and simple drug administration route.Cisplatin has a broad-spectrum antitumor activity and is widely used for the treatment of various malignant tumors. However, acquired or intrinsic resistance of cisplatin is a major problem for patients during the therapy. Recently, it has been reported cancer stem cell (CSC)-derived drug resistance is a great challenge of tumor development and recurrence; therefore, the sensitivity of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) to cisplatin is of particular importance. Increasing evidence has shown that there is a relationship between cisplatin resistance/sensitivity genes and related miRNAs. It is known that dysregulation of relevant miRNAs plays a critical role in regulating target genes of cisplatin resistance/sensitivity in various pathways such as cellular uptake/efflux, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), hypoxia, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the efficacy of the current chemotherapeutic drugs, including cisplatin for providing personalized medicine, can be improved by controlling the expression of miRNAs. Thus, potential targeting of miRNAs can lead to miRNA-based therapies, which will help overcome drug resistance and develop more effective personalized anti-cancer and co-treatment strategies in breast cancer.
Here's my website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sel120.html