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Does NAFLD mediate the relationship between unhealthy weight and design A couple of diabetic issues chance? evidence from the multi-ethnic study regarding coronary artery disease (MESA).
Objective To determine whether university students are aware of the sexual health services offered by the student health center. Participants 522 undergraduate students at a southeast public university. Methods Students were given a list of 19 sexual health services and tests and were instructed that for each one to check "offered," "not offered," or "I'm not sure." Results Students were generally unaware that the health center offered testing for a variety of sexually transmitted infections (13-27.4% aware), the Gardasil vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV) (15.5% aware), the IUD (8.8% aware), emergency contraception (18.6% aware), and breast (24.9% aware) and pelvic examinations (16.5% aware). The only exceptions were for free male condoms (63% aware) and women's awareness of birth control pills (55.3% aware) and pregnancy testing (50.3% aware). Nearly half the students were not aware that parents/guardians could not obtain health center medical records without the student's permission. Conclusions Student health centers cannot be effective in reducing unwanted pregnancies and the spread of STIs if students are unaware of the services provided. Health centers must do a better job of educating students.The avian influenza A H7N9 virus has caused severe infection and high mortality in humans. It can be extremely hazardous to the elderly since age might diminish the immune response, and poor immunogenicity of H7 hemagglutinin could diminish the vaccine efficacy in this population. To overcome this issue, adjuvants are used to induce a stronger immune response. In this study, we generated a recombinant H7N9 influenza virus using reverse genetic techniques, consisting of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes derived from a human H7N9 virus, with the remaining genes from H1N1 A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8). To evaluate whether the adjuvant can improve immune responses in aged animals, the humoral and cellular immune responses of 18-month-old BALB/c mice to different doses of split avian influenza A H7N9 vaccine with and without the adjuvant MF59 were compared. Our data showed that aged mice immunized with MF59 elicited higher levels of hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization antibodies and interferon-gamma-specific enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) responses when compared with antigens alone. It is suggested that the split avian influenza A H7N9 vaccine combined with MF59 may significantly improve immune responses to influenza vaccination in elderly humans.A dual relationship between food insecurity and inadequate food literacy among college students may be attributed to limited food literacy, availability and ability to prepare healthful foods. Experiences that increase food literacy can improve diet quality and reduce food insecurity. Research was conducted through a food literacy-based curriculum developed using Social Cognitive Theory and Experiential Learning Theory. Food literacy outcomes and food security level were measured pre- and post-term through a Qualtrics-based survey. Analyses included Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and McNemar test. Analysis was completed on participants who completed both the pre and post surveys (n = 39). Over 30% of participants identified as food insecure. Results showed an increase in food literacy-based behaviors, self-efficacy and confidence (p less then .05) in several measurements. Food security did not significantly improve; however, a positive trend toward food secure habits was observed. Food literacy-based self-efficacy and behaviors improved, which increases the potential for engagement and adaptation of related behaviors. Improvements observed may provide positive coping skills to reduce food insecurity. Incorporating a Basic Foods Lab into the General Education, Wellness Literacy curriculum can increase food literacy skills that may translate into reduced food insecurity.This study gathered preliminary data on the impact of the U.S. response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the substance use, sexual behavior, and general well-being of U.S. Lonafarnib in vivo college students. Participants from colleges across the U.S. (N = 212; 50.5% female; M age = 22.09) completed an online survey between May 20th and July 5th, 2020 about COVID-19-related behavior change. Most students reported a decrease in quality of life (71.7%), an increase in levels of anxiety (63.7%), and problems with basic resource needs (53.8%). Reports of alcohol consumption increased for 26.9% of students and 15.1% reported an increase in cannabis use. Most students (57.5%) reported a decrease in sexual activity, yet access to, and use of, condoms generally remained unchanged. As universities resume residential instruction, existing prevention and intervention services will need to be adapted to address the mental and behavioral health needs of college students during the era of COVID-19.Esophageal emergencies such as rupture or postoperative leak are uncommon but may be life threatening when they occur. Delay in their diagnosis and treatment may significantly increase morbidity and mortality. Causes of esophageal injury include iatrogenic (including esophagogastroduodenoscopy and stent placement), foreign body ingestion, blunt or penetrating trauma to the chest or abdomen, and forceful retching, also called Boerhaave syndrome. Although fluoroscopic esophagography remains the imaging study of choice according the American College of Radiology appropriateness criteria, CT esophagography has been shown to be at least equal to if not superior to fluoroscopic evaluation for esophageal injury. In addition, CT esophagography allows diagnosis of extraesophageal abnormalities, both as the cause of the patient's symptoms as well as incidental findings. CT esophagography also allows rapid diagnosis since the examination can be readily performed in most clinical settings and requires no direct radiologist supervision, requiring only properly trained technologists and a CT scanner. Multiple prior studies have shown the limited utility of fluoroscopic esophagography after a negative chest CT scan and the increase in accuracy after adding oral contrast agent to CT examinations, although there is considerable variability of CT esophagography protocols among institutions. Development of a CT esophagography program, utilizing a well-defined protocol with input from staff from the radiology, gastroenterology, emergency, and general surgery departments, can facilitate more rapid diagnosis and patient care, especially in overnight and emergency settings. The purpose of this article is to familiarize radiologists with CT esophagography techniques and imaging findings of emergent esophageal conditions. Online supplemental material is available for this article.©RSNA, 2021.Adnexal torsion is the twisting of the ovary, and often of the fallopian tube, on its ligamental supports, resulting in vascular compromise and ovarian infarction. The definitive management is surgical detorsion, and prompt diagnosis facilitates preservation of the ovary, which is particularly important because this condition predominantly affects premenopausal women. The majority of patients present with severe acute pain, vomiting, and a surgical abdomen, and the diagnosis is often made clinically with corroborative US. However, the symptoms of adnexal torsion can be variable and nonspecific, making an early diagnosis challenging unless this condition is clinically suspected. When adnexal torsion is not clinically suspected, CT or MRI may be performed. Imaging has an important role in identifying adnexal torsion and accelerating definitive treatment, particularly in cases in which the diagnosis is not an early consideration. Several imaging features are characteristic of adnexal torsion and can be seen to varying degrees across different modalities a massive, edematous ovary migrated to the midline; peripherally displaced ovarian follicles resembling a string of pearls; a benign ovarian lesion acting as a lead mass; surrounding inflammatory change or free fluid; and the uterus pulled toward the side of the affected ovary. Hemorrhage and absence of internal flow or enhancement are suggestive of ovarian infarction. Pertinent conditions to consider in the differential diagnosis are a ruptured hemorrhagic ovarian cyst, massive ovarian edema, ovarian hyperstimulation, and a degenerating leiomyoma. Online supplemental material is available for this article.©RSNA, 2021.Objective Assess the prevalence, perceptions, sociodemographic/personal factors that influence Juul use among incoming freshmen.Participants Incoming undergraduate students (N = 1,706) attending a public university in the southeastern U.S.Methods Cross-sectional survey administered August 2018. Bivariate relationships assessed using chi-square test of association. Multinomial logistic regression to determine factors associated with Juul use status.Results 41% had ever used Juul, 24% had used within the past month. Among current users, one-third had used 20-30 days. Risk factors for current use heterosexual orientation (relative to other sexual orientation) AOR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.20-3.91), those who planned to join sorority/fraternity (relative to those who did not plan to; AOR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.59-2.90), current smokers (relative to nonsmokers; AOR = 24.39, 95% CI 7.52-76.92), current marijuana users (compared with nonusers of marijuana; AOR = 6.45, 95% CI 3.92-10.64) and alcohol users (compared with nondrinkers; AOR = 7.81, 95% CI 5.75-10.54).Conclusion Prevention and treatment efforts are needed for emerging adults transitioning to college.The persistence of the coronavirus-caused respiratory disease (COVID-19) and the related restrictions to mobility and social interactions are forcing a significant portion of students and workers to reorganize their daily activities to accommodate the needs of distance learning and agile work (smart working). What is the impact of these changes on the bosses/teachers' and workers/students' experience? This article uses recent neuroscience research findings to explore how distance learning and smart working impact the following three pillars that reflect the organization of our brain and are at the core of school and office experiences (a) the learning/work happens in a dedicated physical place; (b) the learning/work is carried out under the supervision of a boss/professor; and (c) the learning/work is distributed between team members/classmates. For each pillar, we discuss its link with the specific cognitive processes involved and the impact that technology has on their functioning. In particular, the use of videoconferencing affects the functioning of Global Positioning System neurons (neurons that code our navigation behavior), mirror neurons, self-attention networks, spindle cells, and interbrain neural oscillations. These effects have a significant impact on many identity and cognitive processes, including social and professional identity, leadership, intuition, mentoring, and creativity. In conclusion, just moving typical office and learning processes inside a videoconferencing platform, as happened in many contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic, can in the long term erode corporate cultures and school communities. In this view, an effective use of technology requires us to reimagine how work and teaching are done virtually, in creative and bold new ways.
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