Notes

Seasons affect on your bathymetric syndication of an confronted sea food inside a maritime safeguarded area.
Information on the morphological ontogeny of the majority species of the family Hermanniidae is still lacking. In this work, the ontogenetic instars of the Mediterranean species, Hermannia longisetosa Subas Shtanchaeva, 2013 are studied, based on material from northwestern Spain. Comparative characteristics of juveniles of species belonging to different genera of Hermanniidae are given based on our own data and available literature sources, and the major characteristics of larvae and nymphs are presented. An updated family and generic diagnoses based on juveniles of Hermanniidae are proposed. At the moment, the juveniles of two genera, Hermannia and Phyllhermannia are known, which differ from one another in the pattern of cuticle plications of the gastronotum; number of solenidia on leg tarsi I and II; number of setae on palp femur; setal formula of leg IV in protonymph; and the arrangement of gastronotic setae of c- and d-series.Although the juvenile instars of oribatid mite subfamily Sphaerozetinae is well known compared to the other subfamilies of Ceratozetidae (Ceratozetinae and Trichoribatinae), information on morphological ontogeny of some species is still incomplete. Herein, Melanozetes paramollicomus sp. nov. is proposed from Ethiopia, based on adult and juvenile instars. Additionally, comparative analysis of ontogenetic instars of species belonging various genera of Sphaerozetinae with known juveniles, is given, and the major characteristics of juvenile instars of 20 species are presented.Morphological ontogeny of Oribatella similesuperbula Weigmann, 2001 based on specimens from Romania, is described and illustrated. The nymphs of this species are apopheredermous, i.e. they carry the exuvial scalps of previous instars away from the dorsal integument, using modified setal pair da. The prodorsal and most gastronotal setae of juveniles are long and barbed, except for medium sized h2 and minute h3 in the larva, and medium sized c1, p2 and p3 in the nymphs. The larva has 12 pairs of gastronotal setae, the nymphs have 15 pairs. In all juveniles, a humeral organ is present.The morphological ontogeny of Ceratozetes parvulus Sellnick, 1922 is described and illustrated. Some aspects of its ecology are also investigated. The juveniles of this species have short prodorsal and gastronotal setae, tubercles and transverse folds on the gastronotum and setiform bothridial seta. Most leg setae are short, thick and strongly reduced (lack of setae l on femur III of deutonymph and tritonymph, pl on tarsus I, it on all tarsi, and pv on tarsus IV of nymphs), which are unique in Ceratozetes Berlese, 1908. selleck This species is common in peatlands, where it seems to prefer specifically drier microhabitats, like hummocks.A new species, Colopalpus hibiscus sp. nov. (Acari Tenuipalpidae) is described from Hibiscus in Hainan province, China. The ontogenetic changes in the idiosoma and leg chaetotaxy on adults (female and male) and immature stages of this new species are presented. A key to species of Colopalpus is also provided.A redescription of the adult stages of Panonychus caglei Mellott, 1968 (Acari Tetranychidae), is presented based on new material collected from Japan, and type specimens (holotype and paratypes). Morphological differences in the setation of legs have been reported and measurements of taxonomic characters are added. We also have described the ontogenetic development of the juvenile stages. The ventral idiosomal chaetotaxy in larval stage lacks pregenital and genital setae which are added consecutively through development. The pregenital pair of setae appears in the protonymphs while the first pair of genital setae is firstly observed in the deutonymphal stage.Rhagovelia medinae sp. nov., of the hambletoni group (angustipes complex), and R. utria sp. nov., of the hirtipes group (robusta complex), are described, illustrated, and compared with similar congeners. Based on the examination of type specimens, six new synonymies are proposed R. elegans Uhler, 1894 = R. pediformis Padilla-Gil, 2010, syn. nov.; R. cauca Polhemus, 1997 = R. azulita Padilla-Gil, 2009, syn. nov., R. huila Padilla-Gil, 2009, syn. nov., R. oporapa Padilla-Gil, 2009, syn. nov, R. quilichaensis Padilla-Gil, 2011, syn. nov.; and R. gaigei, Drake Hussey, 1947 = R. victoria Padilla-Gil, 2012 syn. nov. The first record from Colombia is presented for R. trailii (White, 1879), and the distributions of the following species are extended in the country R. cali Polhemus, 1997, R. castanea Gould, 1931, R. cauca Polhemus, 1997, R. gaigei Drake Hussey, 1957, R. elegans Uhler, 1894, R. femoralis Champion, 1898, R. malkini Polhemus, 1997, R. perija Polhemus, 1997, R. sinuata Gould, 1931, R. venezuelana Polhemus, 1997, R. williamsi Gould, 1931, and R. zeteki Drake, 1953.This checklist of oribatid mites of the Republic of Colombia compiles and provides a taxonomic update of all records known up to 2020. It includes 192 entries accounting for 68 named and 47 unnamed species belonging to 73 genera and 58 families of non-astigmatid oribatid mites. Specimens from the brachypyline supercohort were dominant (54.7%), followed by Mixonomata (30.7%). However, current knowledge is far from being complete and distribution patterns show large gaps throughout the country due to this lacking knowledge and most existing investigations only include group specific studies that prevent from any conclusions regarding the real community composition of oribatids in Colombia. From 32 political-administrative departments, oribatids have been reported in 20, but 5 account for 65% of the records. These are Cundinamarca -including Bogot D.C.- (24.4%), Magdalena (21.8%), Nario (6.3%), La Guajira (6.3%), and Quindo (5.9%). Whereas most oribatid reports in the Neotropical region have taken place during the past five decades, a map presented in this document shows that Colombia still lags behind other Latin American countries. Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil, for instance, have reported the highest number of species for the region and are the only nations that possess national oribatid checklists in Latin America. The current work represents a national baseline of oribatids encouraging further study of this clearly underrepresented group.Ischnura praematura sp. nov. (Holotype , China, Yunnan, Lijiang, 263103.54N, 1001338.89E, 2396 m, 04 xii 2015, I. Sanmartn-Villar H. Zhang leg.) is morphologically described, illustrated and compared with close species of the genus. Ischnura praematura can be mainly distinguished from its congeners I. aurora, I. rubilio and I. asiatica by its abdominal and thoracic morphology and colouration. The posterior lobe of the prothorax is elevated in I. praematura and the mesostigmal plates possess dorsal triangular protuberances. Ischnura praematura shows pointed paraprocts, internalised wide cerci and lacks a dorsal tuberculum in the tenth abdominal segment. The blue abdominal colouration is present in the last three segments (incomplete for segment eight and ten in some individuals). No female polychromatism was detected and all females observed possessed different colouration than male (gynochrome). Morphological distinctiveness of the species is supported by genetic analyses, which show that I. praematura forms a well-supported, monophyletic clade, with I. asiatica, I. ezoin and I. pumilio as the most closely related species. In the field, mature females show strong reluctance to mate, and males were observed mating with newly emerged females.Tenupalpa Lee et Li, 2021 (Gelechiidae Thiotrichinae) was recently proposed based on a molecular and morphological study of the subfamily. It currently includes six species mainly known from Russia, Japan and India. In this paper, 15 new species from China are described T. acutata sp. nov., T. acutimedia sp. nov., T. angulosa sp. nov., T. breviaedeaga sp. nov., T. zhengi sp. nov., T. crassimedia sp. nov., T. dissimilis sp. nov., T. falcata sp. nov., T. fuscalata sp. nov., T. immaculata sp. nov., T. isabellina sp. nov., T. magniguttata sp. nov., T. latifasciata sp. nov., T. perparviloba sp. nov. and T. uncativalva sp. nov. Also, T. xanthodora (Meyrick, 1923) comb. nov., and the original combination for Thiotricha glenias Meyrick, 1908 stat. rev. are proposed. Five speciesTenupalpa angustella (Omelko, 1984), T. biformis (Omelko, 1984), T. flavitermina (Kyaw, Yagi Hirowatari, 2019), T. nephodesma (Meyrick, 1918) and T. venustalis (Omelko, 1984)are reported from China for the first time, and two speciesT. angustella and T. venustalisare newly recorded from Korea. Photographs of adults, genitalia, and the eighth abdominal segment of males are illustrated, and a key to all known Tenupalpa species are provided based on external characters and male genitalia.The Chinese soft scale species in the genus Coccus Linnaeus, 1758 (Hemiptera Coccomorpha Coccidae) were studied. Coccus cambodiensis Takahashi and the Malaysian species C. cameronensis Takahashi are considered to be non-congeneric with Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758, the type species of Coccus, and are transferred to Prococcus Avasthi, 1993, as Prococcus cambodiensis (Takahashi, 1942), comb. n. and Prococcus cameronensis (Takahashi, 1952), comb. n. The generic diagnosis of Prococcus is revised. In the genus Coccus, two new species are described and illustrated based on adult females Coccus nanningensis Cao Feng, sp. n. from Guangxi, China, on Ficus carica (Moraceae), and Coccus cephalotaxus Cao Feng, sp. n. from Shannxi, China, on Cephalotaxus sinensis (Taxaceae). Identification keys to separate adult females of Prococcus from Coccus, the 14 species of Coccus found in China, and all three species of Prococcus are provided.Seven new species and the female sex of Rhaphidophora xishuang Gorochov, 2012 of the rhaphidophorines are described from China. The images illustrating the morphology of the two known species are provided. Meanwhile, the complete mitogenome of Rhaphidophora quadrispina was assembled. The mitogenome was 15892 bp in length and contained the typical gene arrangement. All examined specimens are deposited in the Guangxi Normal University.Two new armoured scale insects in the genus Aulacaspis (Hemiptera Coccomorpha Diaspididae) are described and illustrated from Guizhou Province, China. Aulacaspis paralonganae sp. n. was collected from the host-plant Schima superba (Theaceae) and A. guiyangensis sp. n. was collected from Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae). Aulacaspis longanae Chen, Wu Su 1980 is redescribed and a new host-plant record is reported. The type specimens of the two new species and material of A. longanae are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China. An identification key based on adult females is provided to separate Chinese species of Aulacaspis.The leafhopper genus Homa Distant is revised. Four new species, H. osificata Xu, Dietrich Qin sp. nov., H. oretinia Xu, Dietrich Qin sp. nov., H. asilata Xu, Dietrich Qin sp. nov., and H. algulata Xu, Dietrich Qin sp. nov., are described from Thailand. H. haematoptilus (Kirkaldy) is redescribed based on specimens from the Oriental Region. All included species are illustrated and a key is provided to separate species for which males are known.
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