Notes

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Overall survival data were immature. Grade3-4 adverse events were reported in 47% and 25% of the enzalutamide and placebo groups, respectively. Nasopharyngitis, hypertension and abnormal hepatic function were reported more frequently in Japanese patients versus the overall population.

Enzalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy has clinical benefit with a tolerable safety profile in Japanese men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, consistent with the overall population.
Enzalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy has clinical benefit with a tolerable safety profile in Japanese men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, consistent with the overall population.The low delivery efficiency of light-responsive theranostic nanoparticles (NPs) to target tumor sites, particularly to brain tumors due to the blood-brain barrier, has been a critical issue in NP-based cancer treatments. Furthermore, high-energy photons that can effectively activate theranostic NPs are hardly delivered to the target region due to the strong scattering of such photons while penetrating surrounding tissues. Here, a localized delivery method of theranostic NPs and high-energy photons to the target tumor using microneedles-on-bioelectronics is presented. Two types of microneedles and flexible bioelectronics are integrated and mounted on the edge of surgical forceps. Bioresorbable microneedles containing theranostic NPs deliver the NPs into target tumors (e.g., glioblastoma, pituitary adenoma). Magnetic resonance imaging can locate the NPs. Then, light-guiding/spreading microneedles deliver high-energy photons from bioelectronics to the NPs. The high-energy photons activate the NPs to treat tumor tissues by photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. The controlled thermal actuation by the bioelectronics accelerates the diffusion of chemo-drugs. The proposed method is demonstrated with mouse tumor models in vivo.Marine animals, such as leptocephalus and jellyfish, can sense external stimuli and achieve optical camouflage in the aquatic environment. Fabricating an intelligent soft sensor that can mimic the capabilities of transparent marine animals and function underwater can enable transformative applications in various novel fields. However, previously reported soft sensors struggle to meet the requirements of adhesion, self-healing ability, optical transparency, and stable conductivity in the aquatic environment. Herein, high-performance ionogels by virtue of ion-dipole and ion-ion interactions between fluorine-rich poly(ionic liquid) and ionic liquid are designed. The hydrophobic dynamic viscoelastic networks provide excellent properties for ionogels, including optical transparency, adjustable mechanical properties, underwater self-healing ability, underwater adhesiveness, conductivity, and 3D printability. A mechanically compliant and visually invisible underwater soft sensor based on ionogel is developed. This sensor can achieve optical camouflage, human-body-motion detection, and barrier-free communication in the aquatic environment. A novel contactless sensing mechanism based on changing the electron transfer pathway is proposed. Several interesting functions, such as detection of water environment changes, recognition of objects, delivery of information, and even identification of human standing posture can be realized. Importantly, the ionogel sensor can avoid fatigue and physical damage in the sensing process.Little is known whether parent's indoor environment quality (IEQ)-related symptoms or health perceptions influence the risk of self- or parent-reported symptoms in their children. We assessed (i) the association of parents' IEQ-related symptoms with IEQ-related symptoms in their children at school and (ii) whether parental IEQ-related health worry increases the risk for children's symptoms. We used two Finnish studies a national, population-based survey of indoor air and related health problems (n = 611 parents) and a subset of survey for all primary school pupils (grade 3-6) and their parents in Helsinki, which also included school IEQ-related symptoms reported by children (n = 1617 parent-child dyads). In the school survey, parent's own symptoms increased strongly their reporting of their children's symptoms at school (aOR 4.0, 95% CI 2.7-6.0 for parents experiencing a lot of symptoms) and also symptoms reported by the child itself (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5-3.1). Similar, but slightly weaker associations were seen with parental IEQ-related health worries. Results remained unchanged when adjusted for the IEQ of school buildings or parental and children's allergic diseases. Similar associations were seen in the national survey between parent's symptoms at work and child's symptoms at school. The results suggest that parents' health perceptions may increase the reporting of children's IEQ-related symptoms even more than is typically seen for many indoor air contaminants.Controlling the flow of electrical current at the nanoscale typically requires complex top-down approaches. Here, a bottom-up approach is employed to demonstrate resistive switching within molecular wires that consist of double-helical metallopolymers and are constructed by self-assembly. Tanespimycin When the material is exposed to an electric field, it is determined that ≈25% of the copper atoms oxidize from CuI to CuII , without rupture of the polymer chain. The ability to sustain such a high level of oxidation is unprecedented in a copper-based molecule it is made possible here by the double helix compressing in order to satisfy the new coordination geometry required by CuII . This mixed-valence structure exhibits a 104 -fold increase in conductivity, which is projected to last on the order of years. The increase in conductivity is explained as being promoted by the creation, upon oxidation, of partly filled d z 2 orbitals aligned along the mixed-valence copper array; the long-lasting nature of the change in conductivity is due to the structural rearrangement of the double-helix, which poses an energetic barrier to re-reduction. This work establishes helical metallopolymers as a new platform for controlling currents at the nanoscale.Metal-halide semiconductors have shown excellent performance in optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and detectors. In this review the role of charge-lattice interactions and polaron formation in a wide range of these promising materials, including perovskites, double perovskites, Ruddlesden-Popper layered perovskites, nanocrystals, vacancy-ordered, and other novel structures, is summarized. The formation of Fröhlich-type "large" polarons in archetypal bulk metal-halide ABX3 perovskites and its dependence on A-cation, B-metal, and X-halide composition, which is now relatively well understood, are discussed. It is found that, for nanostructured and novel metal-halide materials, a larger variation in the strengths of polaronic effects is reported across the literature, potentially deriving from variations in potential barriers and the presence of interfaces at which lattice relaxation may be enhanced. Such findings are further discussed in the context of different experimental approaches used to explore polaronic effects, cautioning that firm conclusions are often hampered by the presence of alternate processes and interactions giving rise to similar experimental signatures. Overall, a complete understanding of polaronic effects will prove essential given their direct influence on optoelectronic properties such as charge-carrier mobilities and emission spectra, which are critical to the performance of energy and optoelectronic applications.Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has become a mainstay therapy in the intensive care unit (ICU) and its utilization continues to increase in developed countries. The wide variations of CRRT practice, however, are evident in developing countries while clinicians in these resource-limited countries encounter various barriers such as a limited number of nephrologists and trained staff, a gap of knowledge, machine unavailability, cultural and socioeconomic aspects, high-cost therapy without reimbursement, and administrative as well as governmental barriers. In this article, we demonstrate the situation of CRRT and discuss the barriers of CRRT in a resource-limited setting. We also discuss the strategies to improve CRRT practice. These recommendations can serve as a fundamental guideline for clinicians to implement CRRT in low-resource settings.
Serum bile acids (SBAs) are frequently measured in dogs. However, there is limited data comparing SBAs in different liver diseases diagnosed according to standardized histological criteria.

To compare resting and postprandial SBAs, and determine their sensitivity and specificity, for various liver diseases in dogs.

Three hundred and forty-one client-owned dogs with suspected liver disease that had a liver biopsy and SBAs measured.

Multicenter retrospective study. Cases were classified according to standardized histological criteria. The sensitivity and specificity of resting and postprandial SBAs for the diagnosis of each liver disease, and all liver diseases combined, were calculated.

The median resting SBAs were highest in dogs with cirrhosis (98.8 μmol/L; range, 6-135) and congenital circulatory anomalies (CCa; 79.45 μmol/L; 0.3-705). The highest median postprandial concentrations were found in CCa (126 μmol/L; 0-726) and chronic hepatitis (CH; 54.3 μmol/L; 0-260). Using the cut-off value of 10 μmol/L, the highest sensitivities of resting SBAs were recorded in dogs with CCa (87.5%; 95% confidence interval, 76.8-94.4) and CH (81.1%; 71.5-88.6). The sensitivities of postprandial SBAs were the highest in cholangitis (100%; 47.8-100.0) and CCa (91.1%; 78.8-97.5). The specificities of resting and postprandial SBAs for all diseases were 49.3% (37.6-61.1) and 29.7% (15.9-47.0), respectively.

Postprandial SBAs are more sensitive but less specific than resting SBAs for the diagnosis of liver disease. There were dogs in all categories of liver disease with resting SBAs <10 and >90 μmol/L. Therefore, careful interpretation of both normal and elevated values is required.
90 μmol/L. Therefore, careful interpretation of both normal and elevated values is required.
Autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) is a widely used treatment option in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. The optimal graft cellular composition is not known.

Autograft cellular composition was analyzed after freezing by flow cytometry in 127 MM patients participating in a prospective multicenter study. The impact of graft cellular composition on hematologic recovery and outcome after auto-SCT was evaluated.

A higher graft CD34
cell content predicted faster platelet recovery after auto-SCT in both the short and long term. In patients with standard-risk cytogenetics, a higher graft CD34
count (>2.5× 10
/kg) was linked with shorter progression-free survival (PFS; 28 vs. 46 months, p= 0.04), but there was no difference in overall survival (OS) (p= 0.53). In a multivariate model, a higher graft CD34
CD133
CD38
(>0.065 × 10
/kg, p= 0.009) and NK cell count (>2.5 × 10
/kg, p= 0.026), lenalidomide maintenance and standard-risk cytogenetics predicted better PFS. In contrast, a higher CD34
count (>2.
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