Notes

Proteomic user profile of the outcomes of low-dose bisphenol Any upon zebrafish sex gland.
Propofol has been documented to exhibit anti-tumor effects in cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms of its inhibition remain unclear. We conducted this study to investigate the effect of propofol on lncRNA GAS5 in glioma cells, and to probe the role of GAS5 in the anti-tumor effects of propofol. Human glioma cell line U251 were treated with propofol. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated, and the expression of GAS5 was measured. After that, we knockdown the expression of GAS5 in U251 cells by using siRNA and treated them with propofol, detected above indicators again and measured the expression of GAS5-related proteins. We found that propofol significantly reduced U251 cells proliferation, migration and invasion, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis while promoted GAS5 expression. These affects could be attenuated when GAS5 was down-regulated. Moreover, propofol increases the expression of P21, decreases the expression of c-Myc and GSTM3 through elevating GAS5 expression. In total, the anti-tumor activity of propofol on glioma cells was verified in this study. One possible mechanism involved was preliminary revealed propofol up-regulates the expression of GAS5, thus stimulating P21 pathway, blocking c-Myc and GSTM3 pathways.This study describes the within- and between-laboratory reproducibility (WLR and BLR) of a Time-to-Toxicity (TTT) approach for chemicals based on the SkinEthic™ HCE tissue construct, capable to distinguish chemicals that do not require classification for serious eye damage/eye irritation (No Cat.) from chemicals that require classification for eye irritation (Cat. 2), and serious eye damage (Cat. 1). The WLR and BLR was assessed with three participating laboratories. Each laboratory tested 40 coded chemicals in three independent runs. The predictive capacity of the method was assessed on a larger set of 150 chemicals (70 liquids and 80 solids) by combining the results of this study with the results of the test method developer. The WLR for the 20 liquids ranged from 85% to 95% with a BLR of 90%. For the 20 solids, a WLR and BLR of 100% was obtained. The test method developer obtained a WLR of 80% and 95%, based on 50 liquids and 48 solids tested in three independent runs, respectively. Regarding the predictive capacity, the SkinEthic™ HCE TTT test method identified 80.8% Cat. 1, 69.2% Cat. 2, and 74.9% No Cat. correctly. An independent peer review panel concluded that based on all available data, the relevance and reliability of the SkinEthic™ HCE TTT has been demonstrated for discriminating the three UN GHS eye hazard categories.Hyaluronic acid (HA), a macromolecule in glycosaminoglycans family, is normally excreted into the urine with a small amount, but with much greater level in the urine from stone patients (formers). However, its precise roles in kidney stone pathogenesis remained unclear. This study examined its roles in calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stone formation processes, including neocrystallization, crystal growth, adhesion, internalization, aggregation and invasion. The results showed that HA (1, 10, 100, 1000, or 10,000 ng/ml) did not affect CaOx neocrystallization, aggregation, and internalization into MDCK distal renal tubular cells. However, HA significantly promoted CaOx crystal growth (at 10-10,000 ng/ml), adhesion onto renal tubular cells (at 1000-10,000 ng/ml), and invasion through extracellular matrix (ECM) (at 1-10,000 ng/ml). Analysis of the plasminogen sequence revealed six sites with the HA-binding motif "B(X7)B" that explained the HA ability to trigger the plasminogen-plasmin system required for crystal invasion. In summary, our systematic analysis highlights the promoting effects of HA on CaOx crystal growth, crystal-cell adhesion and invasion through the ECM. These effects of HA may explain its high level in the stone patients' urine, thereby promoting the stone formation.Fragrances are used in almost every cosmetic product. International Fragrance Association (IFRA) is the regulatory body that controls the use of fragrances in cosmetic products. Methyl-N-methylanthranilate (DMA) is a naturally derived fragrance, commonly used in cosmetic products such as fine perfumes, skin care products, etc. But there is a lack of detailed study in terms of its phototoxic and photogenotoxicity mechanisms under UVA/sunlight exposure. In this study, we have shown that DMA photodegrades in 4 h under UVA (1.5 mW/cm2) and sunlight. DMA (0.0001%-0.0025%) significantly reduced the cell viability as demonstrated by NRU and MTT assays in a dose-dependent manner under UVA (5.4 J/cm2) and sunlight (1 h) exposure in the HaCaT cell line. It generated excessive intracellular ROS (superoxide anion radical via type-I photodynamic reaction), resulting in lysosomal destabilization and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Photo-activated DMA caused DNA fragmentation as observed by olive tail moment. DNA double-strand breaks was demonstrated by phosphorylation of H2AX-histone protein and formation of photo-micronuclei in skin keratinocytes. Additionally, photo-activated DMA upregulated the oxidative stress marker gene hemeoxygenase-1 and apoptotic marker genes (cytochrome-C, caspase-3, caspase-9). Activated caspase-cascade pathway established that photo-activated DMA can potentially trigger apoptosis in the human skin cells.Accurate segmentation of cerebral venous vasculature from gradient echo data is of central importance in several areas of neuroimaging such as for the susceptibility-based assessment of brain oxygenation or planning of electrode placement in deep brain stimulation. In this study, a vein segmentation algorithm for single- and multi-echo gradient echo data is proposed. First, susceptibility maps, true susceptibility-weighted images, and, in the multi-echo case, R2* maps were generated from the gradient echo data. These maps were filtered with an inverted Hamming filter to suppress background contrast as well as artifacts from field inhomogeneities at the brain boundaries. A shearlet-based scale-wise representation was generated to calculate a vesselness function and to generate segmentations based on local thresholding. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm was evaluated for different echo times and image resolutions using a manually generated reference segmentation and two vein segmentation algorithms (Frangi vesselness-based, recursive vesselness filter) as a reference with the Dice and Cohen's coefficients as well as the modified Hausdorff distance. The Frangi-based and recursive vesselness filter methods were significantly outperformed with regard to all error metrics. E-64 Applying the algorithm, susceptibility differences likely related to differences in blood oxygenation between superficial and deep venous territories could be demonstrated.Brain regions located between the right fusiform face area (FFA) in the middle fusiform gyrus and the temporal pole may play a critical role in human face identity recognition but their investigation is limited by a large signal drop-out in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Here we report an original case who is suddenly unable to recognize the identity of faces when electrically stimulated on a focal location inside this intermediate region of the right anterior fusiform gyrus. The reliable transient identity recognition deficit occurs without any change of percept, even during nonverbal face tasks (i.e., pointing out the famous face picture among three options; matching pictures of unfamiliar or familiar faces for their identities), and without difficulty at recognizing visual objects or famous written names. The effective contact is associated with the largest frequency-tagged electrophysiological signals of face-selectivity and of familiar and unfamiliar face identity recognition. This extensive multimodal investigation points to the right anterior fusiform gyrus as a critical hub of the human cortical face network, between posterior ventral occipito-temporal face-selective regions directly connected to low-level visual cortex, the medial temporal lobe involved in generic memory encoding, and ventral anterior temporal lobe regions holding semantic associations to people's identity.The cost of heart failure care is high owing to the cost of hospitalization and chronic treatments. Heart failure treatments vary in their benefit and cost. The cost effectiveness of therapies can be determined by comparing the cost of treatment required to obtain a certain benefit, often defined as an increase in 1 year of life. This review was sponsored by the Heart Failure Society of America and describes the growing economic burden of heart failure for patients and the health care system in the United States. It also provides a summary of the cost effectiveness of drugs, devices, diagnostic tests, hospital care, and transitions of care for patients with heart failure. Many medications that are no longer under patent are inexpensive and highly cost-effective. These include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. In contrast, more recently developed medications and devices, vary in cost effectiveness, and often have high out-of-pocket costs for patients.Global challenges require novel solutions. Microbial nanotechnology has the potential to offer an eco-friendly approach for advancing the pharmaceutical, food, environment and agriculture sectors. This review summarizes recent developments in the synthesis and applications of bionanomaterials created by intracellular and/or extracellular biosynthesis processes involving various microorganisms (e.g. bacterium, fungus, yeast, virus and microalga) and/or derived metabolites/secreted substances. Insights into the mechanisms underlying the synthesis of microbial-assisted nanomaterials, and the superiority of these 'green' processes and resulting microbiotic nanomaterials in various applications, are provided. Such knowledge supports the development of microfactories for the biosynthesis of diverse nanomaterials at scale under controlled conditions. This review highlights current hurdles and bottleneck issues, whilst demonstrating the need to manipulate microorganisms at both the genomic and proteomic levels, thereby tailoring the properties of the derived bionanomaterials for target applications. For many envisaged applications, toxicological and ecotoxicological studies on synthesized nanomaterials are needed, along with the establishment of suitable regulatory frameworks.
To evaluate the clinical outcomes of flattened flanged intrascleral fixation of the intraocular lens (IOL) in cases of pediatric aphakia without adequate capsular support.

The medical records of children who underwent flattened flanged intrascleral IOL implantation for aphakia with insufficient capsular support, subluxated cataract, ectopia lentis, and dislocated IOL were reviewed retrospectively. Best-corrected visual acuity, astigmatism, corneal endothelial cell loss, IOL tilt, and intra- and postoperative complications were evaluated.

A total of 21 eyes of 16 patients were included. Mean patient age at time of surgery was 7.1 ± 3.8 years (range, 2-15). Mean follow-up time after surgery was 2.0 years. The mean pre- and postoperative best-corrected visual acuities were 1.03 ± 0.49 logMAR and 0.33 ±0.44 logMAR, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean preoperative astigmatism was 2.2 ± 0.9 D; and the mean postoperative astigmatism, 1.8 ± 0.8 D. The mean IOL tilt was 3.2° ± 3.1° (range, 0°-10°). The mean endothelial loss was 4.
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