Notes

Phrase regarding PD-1 Particle in Regulatory To Lymphocytes throughout Patients together with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes.
Free open-access medical education (FOAM) is a growing resource within the field of medicine, in particular, emergency medicine. Yet despite FOAM's contribution to advancing medical education, the precise value of FOAM has never been calculated. As a result, content creators have not been acknowledged, either financially or academically, for their deliverables. The aim of this paper was to meet this challenge by determining a value for the top 20 FOAM sites as determined by web traffic in emergency medicine through two approaches. The first approach was to value the websites through a market-based method, where the value of the website was extrapolated from the number of blog posts published. The second approach was through a traffic analysis for each website.

The top 20 FOAM websites in emergency medicine were identified and the monetary value of each resource was calculated through two methods, the first by extrapolating the number of blog posts published by each resource and the second through traffic analysis conducted by a third-party industry specialist based on the number of unique visitors and page visits.

The median page views per month was 194,850 and the median number of unique visitors was 138,350. Based on the content valuation method, the median value of content produced in a year was $2337.06 per website. Through the traffic valuation method, the median overall value of a website was $22,815.

Although two different approaches were used to value FOAM, both came to the same conclusion that there is substantial economic value being produced. This value should not go unrewarded and content creators should be acknowledged either academically or financially for their contributions.
Although two different approaches were used to value FOAM, both came to the same conclusion that there is substantial economic value being produced. This value should not go unrewarded and content creators should be acknowledged either academically or financially for their contributions.
Advancements in research and legislation have improved emergency provider ability to treat opioid use disorder (OUD), but dissemination into rural emergency departments (EDs) is limited. Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) allows community generalists to learn from specialists through telementoring. We aimed to use ECHO to facilitate knowledge translation, increase confidence, and change behavior of rural ED providers treating patients with OUD.

Stakeholder interviews were conducted with rural ED providers. A group of ED addiction experts created an ECHO curriculum with eight OUD topics. ED health professionals were recruited and completed pre/post surveys centered around knowledge and comfort with treating OUD in the ED, with focus on clinical practice and stigma. Following the ECHO model, sessions included a 20-min didactic followed by two cases presented by participants, with discussion facilitated by faculty.

Twenty-seven participants registered; seven attended ≥75% of sessionient-facing behavior, and departmental initiatives. Recruitment was challenging and participation was limited. Future efforts will target maximizing recruitment.
Our ED OUD ECHO course successfully created a model for rural ED providers to learn from ED addiction experts. It was well received and impacted self-reported provider stigmatizing attitudes, patient-facing behavior, and departmental initiatives. Recruitment was challenging and participation was limited. Future efforts will target maximizing recruitment.
A lifelong pursuit such as medicine is frequently paired with a framework of "deliberate practice" for improvement. It is unclear whether the quality of feedback varies across different learner levels. Our study aims to assess whether a difference exists in the quality of feedback delivered to high-, expected-, and below-expected performer emergency medicine (EM) residents based on their attending-identified performance level.

We conducted a retrospective review of written EM resident feedback collected between November 2018 and March 2021. Clinical performance level was subjectively determined by attending faculty in their feedback. Feedback was coded on a scale from 0-5 based on the presence (1) or absence (0) of the items modified from the Ende's SMART criteria Specific (S), Measurable (M), Achievable (A), Relevant (R), and Time-bound (T). The primary outcome was any total modified SMART criteria score difference concerning performance level using logistic regression with Generalized Estimating Equatiots at all performance levels.
Mean total modified SMART feedback scores were significantly greater in high performers and below-expected performers when compared to expected performers. Achievable and Relevant feedback was provided in greater proportions to high performer residents compared to expected and below-expected performers. These findings are a challenge to academic faculty to engage in quality feedback delivery for residents at all performance levels.
Growing literature within postgraduate medical education demonstrates that female resident physicians experience gender bias throughout their training and future careers. This scoping review aims to describe the current body of literature on gender differences in emergency medicine (EM) resident assessment.

We conducted a scoping review which adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. We included research involving resident physicians or fellows in EM (population and context), which focused on the impact of gender on assessments (concept). We searched seven databases from the databases' inception to April 4, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened citations, completed full-text review, and abstracted data. A third reviewer resolved any discrepancies.

A total of 667 unique citations were identified; 10 studies were included, and all were conducted within the United States. Four studies reported differences in EM resident EM residents receive higher rates of negative or critical comments and discordant feedback documented on assessment, these findings raise concern about added barriers female EM residents may face while progressing through residency and the impact on their clinical and professional development.
Despite emergency medicine (EM) medical education fellowships increasing in number, the position of the medical education fellowship director (FD) remains incompletely defined. The goal of this study was to characterize the roles, responsibilities, support, and priorities for medical education FDs.

We adapted and piloted an anonymous electronic survey consisting of 31 single-answer, multiple-answer, and free-response items. The survey was distributed to FDs via listserv and individual emails from a directory compiled from multiple online resources. We used descriptive statistics to analyze data from items with discrete answer choices. Using a constructivist paradigm, we performed a thematic analysis of free-response data.

Thirty-four medical education FDs completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 77%. Thirty-eight percent of respondents were female. Fifty-three percent earned master's degrees in education and 35% completed a medical education fellowship. Most respondents held other educationerience of medical education FDs. The results can clarify the role and responsibilities of FDs as the demand for medical education FDs increases.
Podcasts are increasingly utilized as educational tools within emergency medicine (EM). As EM residency programs seek to incorporate asynchronous educational material, it is important to ensure we are covering the full breadth of EM core content. This study sought to describe the distribution of EM core content among three popular EM podcasts.

We performed a retrospective study of the distribution of podcast topics among three popular EM podcasts from July 2011 to June 2021. Thiamet G manufacturer We evaluated the podcast episode content and alignment with the EM core content, as defined by the Model of the Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine (MCPEM) and American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) examination distribution. Data are presented descriptively.

We identified 2759 podcast episodes, consisting of 7413 total topics and 2498.7 hours of content. The most frequently covered topics were "signs, symptoms, and presentations" (20.1% of total hours vs. 7.9% of MCPEM and 10.0% of ABEM exam) and "procedures and skills integral to the practice of emergency medicine" (14.8% of total hours vs. 8.1% of MCPEM and 8.0% of ABEM exam). The least frequently covered topics was were "immune system disorders"(0.5% of total hours vs. 2.0% of MCPEM and 2.0% of ABEM exam),"environmental disorders"(0.8% of total hours vs. 2.4% of MCPEM and 2.0% of ABEM exam), "obstetrics and gynecology" (1.0% of total hours vs. 5.4% of MCPEM and 3.0% of ABEM exam), and "cutaneous disorders" (0.9% of total hours vs. 4.3% of MCPEM and 3.0% of ABEM exam).

Our findings suggest an imbalance of MCPEM core content in three popular EM podcasts.
Our findings suggest an imbalance of MCPEM core content in three popular EM podcasts.
Burnout occurs frequently in emergency medicine (EM) residents and has been shown to have a negative impact on patient care. The specific effects of burnout on patient care are less well understood. This study qualitatively explores how burnout may change the way EM residents provide patient care.

Qualitative data were obtained from a sample of 29 EM residents in four semistructured focus groups across four institutions in the United States in early 2019. Transcripts were coded and organized into major patient care themes.

Residents described many ways in which feelings of burnout negatively impacted patient care. These detrimental effects most often fit into one of four main themes reduced motivation to care for patients, poor communication with patients, difficult interactions with health care colleagues, and impaired decision making.

According to EM residents, burnout negatively impacts several important aspects of patient care. Resident engagement with clinical care, communication with patients and colleagues, and clinical care may suffer as a result of burnout.
According to EM residents, burnout negatively impacts several important aspects of patient care. Resident engagement with clinical care, communication with patients and colleagues, and clinical care may suffer as a result of burnout.Beginning with the outbreak of COVID-19 at the dawn of 2020, the continuing spread of the pandemic has challenged the healthcare market and the supply chain of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) around the world. Moreover, the emergence of the variants of COVID-19 occurring in waves threatens the sufficient supply of PPE. Among the various types of PPE, N95 Respirators, surgical masks, and medical gowns are the most consumed and thus have a high potential for a serious shortage during such emergencies. Considering the unanticipated demand for PPE during a pandemic, re-processing of used PPE is one approach to continue to protect the health of first responders and healthcare personnel. This paper evaluates the viability and efficacy of using FDA-approved electron beam (eBeam) sterilization technology (ISO 11137) to re-process used PPE. PPEs including 3M N95 Respirators, Proxima Sirus gowns, and face shields were eBeam irradiated in different media (air, argon) over a dose range of 0-200 kGy. Several tests were then performed to examine surface properties, mechanical properties, functionality performance, discoloration phenomenon, and liquid barrier performance.
Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/thiamet-g.html