Notes

Stevens-Johnson affliction related to Hodgkin's lymphoma.
5, and 68Zn = 13), the median concentrations of newly adsorbed isotopes on the aged microplastics were 0.01, 1.4, 0.07, 0.56, and 1.1 μg g-1, respectively, one to two orders of magnitude higher than those adsorbed on pristine microplastics. However, the composition pattern of metals accumulated on aged microplastics differed from the composition of metals newly adsorbed in laboratory the prior one reflected the contamination status of ageing sites and varied by polymeric types; whereas the laboratory newly adsorbed metals on aged microplastics were uniformly correlated to particulate Fe and Mn concentrations, suggesting Fe and Mn mineral coatings mediated the ensuing metal adsorption. Such discrepancy unveiled the complexity of metal accumulation behavior in the real environment and highlighted that cares should be taken when translating laboratory findings to risk assessment of metal contaminated microplastics in the real environment.Adverse environments during pregnancy can increase susceptibility to chronic diseases in adult offspring. The occurrence and development of fetal-originated diseases were associated with adrenal developmental programming and homeostasis alteration in offspring. Dexamethasone is widely used for preterm delivery-related pregnancy diseases, but the intrauterine programming alteration and its occurrence mechanism of prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) on adrenal development in offspring have not been clarified. In this study, prenatal dexamethasone therapy could inhibit neonatal development and cause a low exposure of maternally derived glucocorticoid in clinic. Then, we established a rat model of PDE and observed a similar phenomenon. Further, the adrenal steroidogenic function was continuously inhibited in the PDE male offspring rats, accompanied by the decreased H3K27ac level of adrenal insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and its expression. Moreover, chronic stress in PDE adult offspring rats could reverse the changes of the above indicators through the high level of glucocorticoid. In combination with in vivo, in vitro and a series of interference experiments, we confirmed that the low level of endogenous glucocorticoids inhibited the adrenal IGF1 expression and steroidogenic function through the GRα/miR-370-3p/Sirt3 pathway. In summary, PDE could continuously inhibit the adrenal steroidogenic function in the male offspring, which is associated with the maternally derived low glucocorticoid-mediated the adrenal developmental programming alteration in offspring. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for explaining the adrenal development origin of PDE-induced adult chronic diseases.Effects of antibiotics on microbial nitrogen transformation processes in natural aquatic ecosystems are largely unknown. In this study, we utilized the 15N stable isotope tracers and metagenomic sequencing to identify how antibiotics drive nitrogen transformation processes in Danjiangkou Reservoir, which is the largest artificial drinking water reservoir in China. We retrieved 51 nitrogen functional genes, and found that the highest abundances of nitrate reduction and denitrification-related genes occurred in dissimilatory nitrogen transformation pathways. 15N-labelling analysis substantiated that denitrification was the main pathway for nitrogen removal, accounting for 57.1% of nitrogen loss. Nitrogen functional genes and antibiotic resistance genes co-occurred in Danjiangkou Reservoir, and they were mainly carried by the denitrifying bacteria such as Rhodoferax, Polaromonas, Limnohabitans, Pararheinheimera, Desulfobulbus, and Pseudopelobacter. Genome annotation revealed that antibiotic deactivation, Resistance-Nodulation-Division and facilitator superfamily efflux pumps were responsible for the multiple-resistance to antibiotics in these bacteria. Moreover, antibiotics showed non-significant effects on nitrogen transformation processes. It is speculated that denitrifying bacteria harboring ARGs played crucial roles in protecting nitrogen transformation from low-level antibiotics stress in the reservoir. Our results highlight that denitrifying bacteria are important hosts of ARGs, which provides a novel perspective for evaluating the effects of antibiotics on nitrogen cycle in natural aquatic ecosystems.Lake water level fluctuation is a function of hydro-meteorological components, namely input, and output to the system. The combination of these components from in-situ and remote sensing sources has been used in this study to define multiple scenarios, which are the major explanatory pathways to assess lake water levels. The goal is to analyze each scenario through the application of the water balance equation to simulate lake water levels. The largest lake in Iran, Lake Urmia, has been selected in this study as it needs a great deal of attention in terms of water management issues. We ran a monthly water balance simulation of nineteen scenarios for Lake Urmia from 2003 to 2007 by applying different combinations of data, including observed and remotely sensed water level, flow, evaporation, and rainfall. We used readily available water level data from Hydrosat, Hydroweb, and DAHITI platforms; evapotranspiration from MODIS and rainfall from TRMM. The analysis suggests that the consideration of field data in the algorithm as the initial water level can reproduce the fluctuation of Lake Urmia water level in the best way. The scenario that combines in-situ meteorological components is the closest match to the observed water level of Lake Urmia. Almost all scenarios showed good dynamics with the field water level, but we found that nine out of nineteen scenarios did not vary significantly in terms of dynamics. The results also reveal that, even without any field data, the proposed scenario, which consists entirely of remote sensing components, is capable of estimating water level fluctuation in a lake. The analysis also explains the necessity of using proper data sources to act on water regulations and managerial decisions to understand the temporal phenomenon not only for Lake Urmia but also for other lakes in semi-arid regions.Fuel moisture limits the availability of fuel to wildfires in many forest areas worldwide, but the effects of climate change on moisture constraints remain largely unknown. Here we addressed how climate affects fuel moisture in pine stands from Catalonia, NE Spain, and the potential effects of increasing climate aridity on burned area in the Pyrenees, a mesic mountainous area where fire is currently rare. We first quantified variation in fuel moisture in six sites distributed across an altitudinal gradient where the long-term mean annual temperature and precipitation vary by 6-15 °C and 395-933 mm, respectively. We observed significant spatial variation in live (78-162%) and dead (10-15%) fuel moisture across sites. The pattern of variation was negatively linked (r = |0.6|-|0.9|) to increases in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and in the Aridity Index. Using seasonal fire records over 2006-2020, we observed that summer burned area in the Mediterranean forests of Northeast Spain and Southern France was strongly dependent on VPD (r = 0.93), the major driver (and predictor) of dead fuel moisture content (DFMC) at our sites. Based on the difference between VPD thresholds associated with large wildfire seasons in the Mediterranean (3.6 kPa) and the maximum VPD observed in surrounding Pyrenean mountains (3.1 kPa), we quantified the "safety margin" for Pyrenean forests (difference between actual VPD and that associated with large wildfires) at 0.5 kPa. The effects of live fuel moisture content (LFMC) on burned area were not significant under current conditions, a situation that may change with projected increases in climate aridity. Overall, our results indicate that DFMC in currently fire-free areas in Europe, like the Pyrenees, with vast amounts of fuel in many forest stands, may reach critical dryness thresholds beyond the safety margin and experience large wildfires after only mild increases in VPD, although LFMC can modulate the response.Fentanyls abuse is a persistent international concern. New fentanyl derivatives are constantly appearing, circumventing national and international laws. In this study, laboratory degradation experiment with different conditions such as pH, light, temperature and oxygen availability were compared to improve the understanding of the fentanyls degradation pathways. Twelve major degradants of sufentanil and alfentanil were detected and identified together using UHPLC-QTOF-MS. A total of thirty nine fentanyls including twelve typical fentanyl new psychoactive substances, eighteen manufacturing process-related substances and nine key degradants of sufentanil and alfentanil were screened in 120 sewage water samples collected from 20 sewage water treatment plants chosen among 6 urban cities in east China from July to August in 2020 using a validated UHPLC-MS/MS method. Three fentanyls (fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil), seven degradants and six manufacturing process-related substances were found in the test samples. The study could provide a useful tool for the monitoring of the abuses, illegal manufacturing or pharmaceuticals related pollutions of fentanyls and their analogs.With the rapid development of the express delivery industry, the environmental issues of express packaging waste (EPW) have gradually attracted public attention worldwide. As important participants, consumers' behaviors and attitudes will play a vital role in solving the problem. This study uses the conditional value method (CVM) to evaluate the differences in the attitudes and willingness to pay of urban and rural residents toward EPW in Guangdong Province, China. The results show that the respondents have limited knowledge of the recycling situation, relevant policies and environmental impacts of express delivery packaging, although more than 60% of respondents do think that there is a problem with excessive packaging. The low recycling rate for packaging materials is mainly attributed to the lack of recycling facilities and publicity on environmental issues. The differences between urban and rural residents are mainly over disposal methods, the views on excessive packaging and willingness to pay (WTP) for EPW. Finally, the WTP values of urban and rural residents choosing a "deposit" system are 1.58 ($0.24) and 1.79 yuan ($0.28) per piece, respectively, while the WTP values (for increased fees) are 0.64 yuan ($0.10) and 0.60 yuan ($0.09) per piece, respectively. selleck chemical The obtained results may serve as a reference for different regional responses to the promotion and improvement of EPW management in the future.Long Beach, situated in southern Montenegro, is subject to considerable biogenic and abiogenic influences. Thus, analyzing total heavy metal content in soil and plants in this region is, while challenging, highly important in order to assess the level for determining the soil degradation level and the phytoremediation potential of naturally growing salt marsh species. This area together with a Bojana river and backshore forms a real vegetation mosaic where habitats of various types coexist. Therefore, it represents good model system. In the present study, the levels of As, Al, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn in coastal soils as well as in eight salt marsh plants Bolboschoenus maritimus, Juncus acutus, Juncus anceps, Juncus articulatus, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Scirpus holoschoenus and Schoenus nigricans, were investigated in order to identify the plant species that can be used for the remediation of polluted sites, especially those located along the coastline. The obtained results show that species J.
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