Notes

Health within Coronary artery disease: Centering on To as well as W Tissue.
Some provinces experienced more change than others. DISCUSSION While too soon to observe the longer-term impacts associated with the Cannabis Act, early indications based on data collected in the months surrounding enactment suggests some cautions and also some assurances. Ongoing monitoring will be essential particularly given the 2.0 Act modifications and the ever-changing provincial retail and regulatory landscapes.BACKGROUND Parents are central to healthy development in early childhood. Study objectives were to examine the associations between parent and child sedentary behaviour and physical activity in a large representative sample of Canadian 3-5-year-olds, and to determine if associations differed between sons and daughters and mothers and fathers. DATA AND METHODS Participants were 1,116 children aged 3-5 years and one of their biological parents from cycles 2-5 (2009-2017) of the repeated cross-sectional Canadian Health Measures Survey. Sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were objectively-measured in both parents and children with Actical accelerometers. Average minutes/day for all valid days, valid weekdays, and valid weekend days (n=935) were calculated. Screen time of both parents and children was parent-reported, and average hours/day were calculated. Pearson correlations and linear regression models with interaction terms were conducted. RESULTS In the overall sample, all of the parental physical activity and sedentary behaviours were significantly correlated with children's behaviours (r=0.08-0.20). No significant parental or child sex interactions were observed in linear regression models so models were not stratified by parent or child sex. Significant associations with small effect sizes were observed between all of the parental behaviours and children's behaviours. For accelerometer data this was consistent for total days, weekdays, and weekend days. DISCUSSION Parental sedentary behaviour and physical activity may be intervention targets in early childhood. This appears consistent regardless of the sex of the parent or child. Given the small effect sizes observed, additional intervention targets should also be considered.Evolutionary inferences require reliable phylogenies. Morphological data has traditionally been analysed using maximum parsimony, but recent simulation studies have suggested that Bayesian analyses yield more accurate trees. This debate is ongoing, in part, because of ambiguity over modes of morphological evolution and a lack of appropriate models. Here we investigate phylogenetic methods using two novel simulation models - one in which morphological characters evolve stochastically along lineages and another in which individuals undergo selection. Both models generate character data and lineage splitting simultaneously the resulting trees are an emergent property, rather than a fixed parameter. Standard consensus methods for Bayesian searches (Mki) yield fewer incorrect nodes and quartets than the standard consensus trees recovered using equal weighting and implied weighting parsimony searches. Distances between the pool of derived trees (most parsimonious or posterior distribution) and the true trees - measd by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists.Trichloroethene (trichloroethylene, TCE) and one of its reactive metabolites dichloroacetyle chloride (DCAC) are associated with the induction of autoimmunity in MRL+/+ mice. Although oxidative stress plays a major role in TCE-/DCAC-mediated autoimmunity, the underlying molecular mechanisms still need to be delineated. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like2 (Nrf2) is an oxidative stress-responsive transcription factor that binds to antioxidant responsive element (ARE) and provides protection by regulating cytoprotective and antioxidant gene expression. However, the potential of Nrf2 in the regulation of TCE-/DCAC-mediated autoimmunity is not known. This study thus focused on establishing the role of Nrf2 and consequent inflammatory responses in TCE-/DCAC-mediated autoimmunity. To achieve this, we pre-treated Kupffer cells (KCs) or T cells with/without tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) followed by treatment with DCAC. In both KCs and T cells, DCAC treatment significantly downregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 expression along with induction of Keap-1, NF-κB (p65), TNF-α and iNOS, whereas pre-treatment of these cells with tBHQ attenuated these responses. The in vitro findings were further verified in vivo by treating female MRL+/+ mice with TCE along with/without sulforaphane. TCE exposure in mice also led to reduction in Nrf2 and HO-1 but increased phospho-NF-κB (p-p65) and iNOS along with increased anti-dsDNA antibodies. Interestingly, sulforaphane treatment led to amelioration of TCE-mediated effects, resulting in Nrf2 activation and reduction in inflammatory and autoimmune responses. Our results show that TCE/DCAC mediates an impairment in Nrf2 regulation. Attenuation of TCE-mediated autoimmunity via activation of Nrf2 supports that antioxidants sulforaphane/tBHQ could be potential therapeutic agents for autoimmune diseases. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email [email protected] Stemina devTOX quickPredict platform (devTOXqP) is a human pluripotent stem cell-based assay that predicts the developmental toxicity potential based on changes in cellular metabolism following chemical exposure [Palmer et al. 2013]. Using this assay, we screened 1065 ToxCast Phase I and II chemicals in single-concentration or concentration-response for the targeted biomarker (ratio of ornithine to cystine secreted or consumed from the media). The dataset from the Stemina (STM) assay is annotated in the ToxCast portfolio as STM. Major findings from the analysis of ToxCast_STM dataset include [1] 19% of 1065 chemicals yielded a prediction of developmental toxicity; [2] assay performance reached 79% to 82% accuracy with high specificity (>84%) but modest sensitivity ( less then 67%) when compared to in vivo animal models of human prenatal developmental toxicity; [3] sensitivity improved as more stringent weight of evidence requirements were applied to the animal studies; and [4] statistical analysis of the most potent chemical hits on specific biochemical targets in ToxCast revealed positive and negative associations with the STM response, providing insights into the mechanistic underpinnings of the targeted endpoint and its biological domain. The results of this study will be useful to improving our ability to predict in vivo developmental toxicants based on in vitro data and in silico models. Published by Oxford University Press 2020.BACKGROUND there is limited understanding on whether and how socioeconomic status (SES), particularly educational attainment and household income, impacts on telomere length in an Australian rural context. Additionally, it is unknown whether access to health services via the Australian public or private health system influences telomere length. AIM this study investigates whether there is a relationship between telomere length and SES indicators (income, education) as well as health insurance status in a rural Australian population. METHODS samples were drawn from the Australian Rural Victoria cross-sectional Crossroads Study. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was measured using a multiplex quantitative PCR method. RESULTS among 1424 participants, we did not find a significant main effect association with LTL across education, income level, health insurance. An exploratory finding was sex may influence the relationship between educational attainment and LTL (P =  0.021). In males, but not females, higher education was associated with longer LTL by 0.033 (95%CI, 0.002 - 0.063, P =  0.035); In those with low education attainment, male participants had shorter LTL by 0.058 (95%CI, -0.086 - -0.029) than female participants (P less then 0.0001). CONCLUSION being male and having lower education attainment was associated with shorter telomere length in our rural population. Evidence from our study supports the importance of education on LTL in males in rural Australia. Our studies also support previous findings that LTL in later life may not be closely associated with indicators of socio-economic status. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email [email protected] is a leading cause of attrition in the drug development process. Traditional preclinical and clinical studies to evaluate hepatotoxicity liabilities are expensive and time-consuming. With the advent of critical advancements in High Throughput Screening (HTS), there has been a rapid accumulation of in vitro toxicity data available to inform the risk assessment of new pharmaceuticals and chemicals. To this end, we curated and merged all available in vivo hepatotoxicity data obtained from the literature and public resources, which yielded a comprehensive database of 4,089 compounds that includes hepatotoxicity classifications. After dividing the original database of chemicals into modeling and test sets, PubChem assay data were automatically extracted using an in-house data mining tool and clustered based on relationships between structural fragments and cellular responses in in vitro assays. The resultant PubChem assay clusters were further investigated. During cross-validation procedure, the biological data obtained from several assay clusters exhibited high predictivity of hepatotoxicity and these assays were selected to evaluate the test set compounds. The read-across results indicated that if a new compound contained identified specific chemical fragments (i.e. Molecular Initiate Event) and showed active responses in the relevant selected PubChem assays, there was potential for the chemical to be hepatotoxic in vivo. Furthermore, several mechanisms that might contribute to toxicity were derived from the modeling results including alterations in nuclear receptor signaling and inhibition of DNA repair. This modeling strategy can be further applied to the investigation of other complex chemical toxicity phenomena (e.g. developmental and reproductive toxicities) as well as drug efficacy. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email [email protected] Arteritis (TA) is an idiopathic chronic obliterative inflammatory disease of large vessels like aorta and its branches. Inflammation and mural wall thickening leads to concentric narrowing of vessels. Because of the severity of the disease, early diagnosis and treatment is important in improving the outcome of disease. We would like to demonstrate the classical "Double Ring Sign" on computed tomography angiography (CTA) in this report. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. find more All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email [email protected].
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