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Tips for moving the particular experiences of moral hardship: A new scoping evaluation.
The genus Arachnomimus Saussure, 1897 is one of the 13 genera of Phalangopsidae present in India. A total of 11 species belongs to this genus, of which, 9 are grouped in the subgenus Arachnomimus Saussure, 1897 with their distribution on the Indian subcontinent. One species occurs in Brazil and another in Euarachnomimus Gorochov, 1996 known from Southeast Asia. India hosts two species, Arachnomimus (Arachnomimus) lepidus Chopard, 1969 and Arachnomimus (Arachnomimus) maindroni (Chopard, 1969). In the present paper, we describe a new subgenus, Indimimus Desutter-Grandcolas Jaiswara and a new species Indimimus jayanti Jaiswara under genus Arachnomimus. Identification keys for all the three subgenera and three species from India are proposed.Six new extinct representatives of the family Melandryidae, namely Electroxylita chronographica gen. et sp. nov., Madelinia capillata sp. nov., Microscapha kugelanni sp. nov., Phloiotrya inmarinata sp. nov., Symphora pollocki sp. nov., and S. glaesonauta sp. nov. are described from inclusions in Eocene Baltic amber. Twenty-eight additional fossil specimens of melandryid beetles belonging to ten species are reported. A list of Melandryidae described from Baltic amber is compiled and an identification key is provided.A new species of axiid was discovered during sampling offshore deep banks on the middle continental shelf off Louisiana. Paraxiopsis kensleyi n. sp. appears to inhabit interstices and cavities of coralline algal rubble, rhodoliths, coral rubble, and other eroded calcareous substrates. Weakly separated from Eutrichocheles Wood-Mason, 1876 on the basis of morphology, present assignments of western Atlantic species to Paraxiopsis de Man, 1905 are regarded as provisional. The new species is described morphologically, and the coloration of freshly captured specimens is documented and compared to related species where possible. Coloration readily distinguishes mature specimens of the new species from Paraxiopsis spinipleura Kensley, 1996, with which it was initially confused. The diagnosis includes GenBank accession numbers for COI sequences to allow future molecular phylogenetic comparisons. Compared to regional species that share a similar dentation or spination on the submedian carina, the pleon of the new species is distinctive in the truncate ventral margin on pleura 2-4, as opposed to being broadly rounded or directed ventrally in an acutely triangular tip. The new species is the eighteenth species of Paraxiopsis worldwide and the ninth from western Atlantic waters, seven of which are now known to range into the Gulf of Mexico. An updated key to western Atlantic members of the genus is provided.Two new species of the genus Psyllaphorura Bagnall, 1948, namely P. silvestris sp. nov. and P. pseudopodis sp. nov., are described from the European Russia. The former species can be compared to the Nearctic P. obesa (Mills, 1934) which has almost the same number of dorsal pseudocelli, but differs in having compound vesicles in PAO. Psyllaphorura pseudopodis sp. nov. is similar to P. altaica Weiner, Stebaeva Kaprus', 2019 recently described from the Altai Mountains, southern Siberia. Both these species have the same number and arrangement of the cephalic pseudocelli. Nonetheless, P. pseudopodis sp. nov. can be distinguished by the absence of pseudocelli on Abd. IV, only 2+2 dental setae and a shorter unguiculus. Besides this, P. pseudopodis sp. nov. is unique in the presence of a pair of ventral swellings on the fourth abdominal segment. Based on a revision of the types, P. sensillifera (Martynova, 1981) is considered a senior synonym of P. raoheensis Sun Wu, 2013. Taxonomic notes on the most important diagnostic characters of the genus are given, as well as a key and a table summarizing these characters in all Psyllaphorura species known in the World so far.The Austrolebias adloffi species group encompasses a diverse lineage of annual killifishes that occurs along the Laguna dos Patos/Lagoa Mirim system, in both Brazilian and Uruguayan territories. We herein employ an integrative taxonomy approach to describe two new species of the group, inferring their phylogenetic relationships and evaluating their conservation status. Austrolebias cheffei sp. nov. and Austrolebias lourenciano sp. nov. are herein described from the western portion of the Laguna dos Patos system. Austrolebias cheffei is distinguished from the remaining species of the A. adloffi species group by presenting a yellowish green or yellowish blue dorsal fin, with wide black to dark brown bars extending from the base to the middle portion of the dorsal and anal fins in the males. Austrolebias lourenciano is distinguished from the remaining species of the A. adloffi species group by presenting a yellowish green dorsal fin, with light yellow or light bluish bars forming small triangles, interspersed widiscussed the conservation status of the new species, corrected the type locality of A. pongondo, and provided a dichotomous identification key of the A. adloffi species group.Heteragrion gorbi sp. nov. (Zygoptera Heteragrionidae) is described and diagnosed based on six ♂♂ and one ♀. The specimens were collected in a stream in a Neotropical savannah fragment in São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. We present pictures of the holotype and the female. This is a species with blue coloration pattern, rare among its congeners.Six new epigean freshwater species of the genus Caecidotea in Mexico are described. These species were collected in waterbodies located along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) and the eastern slope of the country Caecidotea buzwilsoni sp. nov., Caecidotea chicoensis sp. nov., Caecidotea alvarezi sp. nov., Caecidotea mintzita sp. nov., Caecidotea zacapuensis sp. nov., and one additional species Caecidotea villalobosi sp. nov. is described from the Papaloapan basin at the Atlantic Slope of Mexico. The taxonomic treatment for each species includes a detailed description, figures of characters of diagnostic importance and comments. We also provide an updated map of Caecidotea records in Mexico. This work substantially increases the number of epigean Caecidotea known to occur in Mexico to 11 species, a new total of 99 species described to North America.The genus Toxicodryas, historically included with the renowned Australasian cat-eyed snakes of the colubrid genus Boiga, currently includes two widespread species (T. blandingii and T. pulverulenta) in western, central, and eastern Africa. We leverage findings from a recent phylogenomic and historical demographic analysis of this genus (based on 2848-4471 Rad-seq loci from across the genome), with robust sampling from throughout the ranges of both species, to define two additional taxonomic units, with species boundaries corresponding to river barriers. Additional morphometric data from scores of examined museum specimens and literature records bolster the recognition of these two new cryptic species. We hypothesize that T. blandingii occurs west of the confluence of the Congo and Ubangi rivers, whereas a cryptic new species that is found east of this biogeographic barrier has significantly higher numbers of ventral scale counts in both sexes, additional significant differences in several scale counts, and lower venom toxicity. Toxicodryas pulverulenta occurs west of the Niger Delta in West Africa, whereas a cryptic new species that is found east of this biogeographic barrier has significantly higher numbers of subcaudal scale counts in both sexes. A review of published information regarding morphological variation, ecology, natural history, habitat, and venom is summarized for these four Toxicodryas species.A new species of Urostylididae from the Philippine islands (Mindanao) is herein described. This new species, similar to Urolabida bipunctata Stål, 1871, differs from the latter in the shape of the external male genitalia. Urolabida bipunctata and the new species, Urolabida graziae Roca-Cusachs, sp. nov., are extremely similar in external appearance, and fit into the (incomplete) description of genus Urolabida Westwood, 1837. The examination and comparison with the type specimens of other Urostylididae species, especially the male genital capsule, clearly separates this two species from Urolabida tenera Westwood, 1837, the type species of the genus Urolabida, however the taxonomy of this group is not resolved and needs a deep revision, therefore we refrain from description of a new genus-group taxon here. Additionally, images of the type specimens of Urolabida tenera, Urostylis histrionica Westwood, 1837, and Urostylis punctigera Westwood, 1837, are provided and discussion on the current systematics and classification of the family, and particularly of genus Urolabida are also given.The stilt bug genus Metajalysus Štusák is revised and three new species are recognized. A neotype of the type species, M. horvathi Štusák, is designated and the new species M. clavatus, n. sp. from Argentina, M. read more graziae, n. sp. from Argentina and Bolivia, and M. pilosus, n. sp. from Ecuador are described. Digital images of the adult male and female and male genitalia are provided and a key to the species of the genus is given.Only three species assigned to two genera of the flat bug subfamily Carventinae Usinger, 1950 are recorded to date from Costa Rica and one genus and species from Grenada. Following apterous carventine taxa are described and illustrated in the present paper Joceliaptera graziae gen. et sp. nov.; Peggicoris cahuitanus sp. nov.; Peggicoris grenadensis sp. nov. Joceliaptera gen. nov. is compared with most similar Neotropical genera. A key to species of Peggicoris is presented.Hyperbius joceliae sp. n., a new Patagonian Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera) species is described from the north of Tierra del Fuego Island. Diagnostic characters such as color, dorsal pilosity, head and pronotal punctures, length of mandibular plates and antennae, shape and color of paratergite 9, shape and texture of gonocoxite I and II of the only known species of the genus, Hyperbius geniculatus (Signoret), are compared with the new species and discussed. Distributional patterns of the South American Acanthosomatidae and speciation of the Patagonian fauna of this family are also briefly discussed.The genus Acrophyma Bergroth currently contains two species, the Andean A. cumingii (Westwood) and the Neotropical A. bicallosa (Stål). The examination of types and new material revealed that among the Neotropical species the Brazilian population differs from the Colombian, and the first one belongs to a new species in this group. A morphological analysis of the genus indicated the Neotropical species are different from the Andean species. According to the current most used generic characters in acanthosomatids, Neotropical species should be placed in a new genus. This is also supported by biogeographical relationships. New distributional records for the species of this group are provided.Dinidor jograziae sp. nov., is described. The new species can be recognized by the relatively shorter mandibular plates which do not come in contact with each other anterior to the clypeus, by the dark brown hemelytral membranes, with darker, reticulate veins, and by having a relatively large portion of the connexiva exposed. We provide high-resolution photographs of important characters such as the head, pronotum, and the male and female external genitalia. We also provide new locality records for D. saucius from southern and southeastern Brazil, including the Atlantic Rain Forest region in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and São Paulo.
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