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Breakthrough discovery and Progression of Pregabalin (Lyrica): The part regarding Open public Capital.
479, CrI = 1.171, 1.867) and residential segregation (adjusted RR = 1.034, CrI = 1.019, 1.050) were associated with increased mortality in urban counties. Counties with a higher percentage of college or associate degrees had lower COVID-19 mortality rates.

SDoH plays an important role in explaining differential COVID-19 mortality rates and should be considered for resource allocations and policy decisions on operational needs for businesses and schools at county levels.
SDoH plays an important role in explaining differential COVID-19 mortality rates and should be considered for resource allocations and policy decisions on operational needs for businesses and schools at county levels.Salinity affects crop productivity worldwide and mangroves growing under high salinity exhibit adaptations such as enhanced root apoplastic barrier to survive under such conditions. We have identified two cytochrome P450 family genes, AoCYP94B3 and AoCYP86B1 from the mangrove tree Avicennia officinalis and characterized them using atcyp94b3 and atcyp86b1, which are mutants of their putative Arabidopsis orthologs and the corresponding complemented lines with A. officinalis genes. CYP94B3 and CYP86B1 transcripts were induced upon salt treatment in the roots of both A. officinalis and Arabidopsis. Both AoCYP94B3 and AoCYP86B1 were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Heterologous expression of 35SAoCYP94B3 and 35SAoCYP86B1 in their respective Arabidopsis mutants (atcyp94b3 and atcyp86b1) increased the salt tolerance of the transgenic seedlings by reducing the amount of Na+ accumulation in the shoots. Moreover, the reduced root suberin phenotype of atcyp94b3 was rescued in the 35SAoCYP94B3;atcyp94b3 transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. Gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses showed that the amount of suberin monomers (C-16 ω-hydroxy acids, C-16 α, ω-dicarboxylic acids and C-20 eicosanol) were increased in the roots of 35SAoCYP94B3;atcyp94b3 Arabidopsis seedlings. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we identified AtWRKY9 as the upstream regulator of AtCYP94B3 and AtCYP86B1 in Arabidopsis. In addition, atwrky9 showed suppressed expression of AtCYP94B3 and AtCYP86B1 transcripts, and reduced suberin in the roots. These results show that AtWRKY9 controls suberin deposition by regulating AtCYP94B3 and AtCYP86B1, leading to salt tolerance. Our data can be used for generating salt-tolerant crop plants in the future.To provide appropriate foods for elderly people with eating difficulties, it is necessary to take account of the ability of compensatory mastication such as tongue squeezing. However, the biomechanics of tongue squeezing is still unclear. The aim of present study is to investigate the effect of the initial mechanical properties of gels on the change in tongue pressure production during squeezing and swallowing. As test sample, nine kinds of gels with three fracture force and three fracture strain were prepared. Tongue pressure during squeezing and swallowing gels was measured by using an ultra-thin tongue pressure sensor with five measuring points attached on the hard palate in seven healthy participants, and analyzed at four phases; Initial squeeze, Middle squeeze, Last squeeze, and Swallowing. The maximal magnitude of tongue pressure was increased for gels with higher fracture force at most measuring points and was decreased for gels with higher fracture strain at some measuring points on the median line during Initial and Middle squeezing. However, no influence by fracture force and strain was found in magnitude during Last squeezing and Swallowing. The duration of tongue pressure increased for gels with higher force at most measuring points during Middle squeezing, although no influence by strain was found during each phase. The results clearly show how the initial fracture properties of gels influence on tongue pressure production during each phase of food oral processing, which clarified one aspect of squeezing with tongue, as the compensatory mastication.Wild rice Oryza rufipogon, a progenitor of cultivated rice Oryza sativa L., possesses superior salinity tolerance and is a potential donor for breeding salinity tolerance traits in rice. However, a mechanistic basis of salinity tolerance in this donor species has not been established. Here, we examined salinity tolerance from the early vegetative stage to maturity in O. rufipogon in comparison with a salt-susceptible (Koshihikari) and a salt-tolerant (Reiziq) variety of O. sativa. We assessed their phylogeny and agronomical traits, photosynthetic performance, ion contents, as well as gene expression in response to salinity stress. Salt-tolerant O. rufipogon exhibited efficient leaf photosynthesis and less damage to leaf tissues during the course of salinity treatment. In addition, O. rufipogon showed a significantly higher tissue Na+ accumulation that is achieved by vacuolar sequestration compared to the salt tolerant O. sativa indica subspecies. These findings are further supported by the upregulation of genes involved with ion transport and sequestration (e.g. high affinity K+ transporter 1;4 [HKT1;4], Na+ /H+ exchanger 1 [NHX1] and vacuolar H+ -ATPase c [VHA-c]) in salt-tolerant O. rufipogon as well as by the close phylogenetic relationship of key salt-responsive genes in O. rufipogon to these in salt-tolerant wild rice species such as O. coarctata. Thus, the high accumulation of Na+ in the leaves of O. rufipogon acts as a cheap osmoticum to minimize the high energy cost of osmolyte biosynthesis and excessive reactive oxygen species production. These mechanisms demonstrated that O. rufipogon has important traits that can be used for improving salinity tolerance in cultivated rice.
Liver transplantation (LT) is a life-saving treatment for end-stage liver disease patients that requires significant resources. We used national data to evaluate LT outcomes and factors associated with hospital resource use.

Using the National Inpatient Sample, we identified all patients undergoing LT from 2009 to 2017 and defined high-resource use (HRU) as having costs≥90th percentile. Hierarchical regression models were used to assess factors associated with length of stay (LOS) and HRU.

Over the study period, approximately 53,000 patients underwent LT, increasing from 5,582 in 2009 to 7,095 in 2017 (nptrend<0.001). Morbidity and mortality were 42.2% and 3.9%, respectively, with a median post-LT LOS of 10days. Hospitalization costs increased from $106,866 to $145,868 (nptrend<0.001). Acute kidney injury (β4.7days, P<.001) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with dialysis (β4.3days, P<.001) were associated with greater LOS while the Northeast region (AOR5.2, P<.001), ESRD with dialysis (AOR3.4, P<.001), heart failure (AOR2.5, P<.001), and fulminant liver disease (AOR1.8, P=.01) were associated with HRU.

The cost of LT has increased over time. Renal dysfunction, regional practice patterns, and patient acuity were associated with greater resource use. Transplanting patients before health deterioration may help contain costs, mitigate resource use, and improve LT outcomes.
The cost of LT has increased over time. Renal dysfunction, regional practice patterns, and patient acuity were associated with greater resource use. Transplanting patients before health deterioration may help contain costs, mitigate resource use, and improve LT outcomes.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of dose reporting schemes and tissue/applicator heterogeneities for
Ir-,
Se-, and
Yb-based MRI-guided conventional and intensity-modulated brachytherapy.

Treatment plans using a variety of dose reporting and tissue/applicator segmentation schemes were generated for a cohort (n=10) of cervical cancer patients treated with
Ir-based Venezia brachytherapy. find more Dose calculations were performed using RapidBrachyMCTPS, a Geant4-based research Monte Carlo treatment planning system. Ultimately, five dose calculation scenarios were evaluated (a) dose to water in water (D
); (b) D
taking the applicator material into consideration (D
); (c) dose to water in medium (D
); (d and e) dose to medium in medium with mass densities assigned either nominally per structure (D
) or voxel-by-voxel (D
).

Ignoring the plastic Venezia applicator (D
) overestimates D
by up to 1% (average) with high energy source (
Ir and
Se) and up to 2% with
Yb.
Se, but do for
Yb; dose reporting must be explicitly defined since D
and D
may overstate the dosimetric benefits.
The effects of the considered dose reporting schemes trend correspondingly between conventional and intensity-modulated brachytherapy. In the absence of CT-derived mass densities, MRI-only-based dosimetry can adequately approximate Dm,m by assigning nominal mass densities to structures. Tissue and applicator heterogeneities do not significantly impact dosimetry for 192 Ir and 75 Se, but do for 169 Yb; dose reporting must be explicitly defined since Dw,m and Dw,w may overstate the dosimetric benefits.The ability to reason and problem-solve in novel situations, as measured by the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM), is highly predictive of both cognitive task performance and real-world outcomes. Here we provide evidence that RAPM performance depends on the ability to reallocate attention in response to self-generated feedback about progress. We propose that such an ability is underpinned by the basal ganglia nuclei, which are critically tied to both reward processing and cognitive control. This hypothesis was implemented in a neurocomputational model of the RAPM task, which was used to derive novel predictions at the behavioral and neural levels. These predictions were then verified in one neuroimaging and two behavioral experiments. Furthermore, an effective connectivity analysis of the neuroimaging data confirmed a role for the basal ganglia in modulating attention. Taken together, these results suggest that individual differences in a neural circuit related to reward processing underpin human fluid reasoning abilities.
In abdominal interventional therapy, accurate motion tracking of the target is regarded as crucial to minimize trauma and optimize dosage delivery. Meanwhile, three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) is an attractive modality to show the real-time motion pattern of the target. In this work, we developed an accurate and robust landmark tracking algorithm for 3D US sequences.

The proposed algorithm introduces a three orthogonal planes (TOPs) based scale discriminative correlation filter network for 3D US landmarks tracking. First, we couple the fully convolutional network (FCN) with scale discriminative correlation filter (SDCF) to generate an effective tracker. And SDCF is reformulated as a differentiable layer, which ensures the network can perform scale learning and end-to-end training. Next, we train the end-to-end network on millions of natural images. Finally, we convert 3D US image to 2D three-channel image by TOP transformation and feed them to the proposed network for performing online tracking.

One real-time tracking.
We propose a flexible, accurate and robust landmark tracking algorithm for the image-guided interventions, and our algorithm is comparable with the state-of-the-art approaches. The tracking accuracy and robustness show that our algorithm has potential in 3D US-guided abdominal interventional therapies. Furthermore, more researches are needed to improve the computing speed of the algorithm to achieve real-time tracking.
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