Notes

Deadly hepatic hemorrhage soon after shockwave lithotripsy * An instance report as well as review of materials.
(iNOS) levels (8.1 ± 0.1 & 4.9 ± 0.1 vs 16 ± 0.1 in AA group) in colonic tissues and (8.6 ± 0.3 & 6.1 ± 0.1 vs 17.8 ± 0.1 in AA group) in hepatic tissues, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) contents (10.5 ± 0.4 & 6.6 ± 0.3 vs 20.9 ± 0.6 in AA group) in colonic tissues and (13.1 ± 0.2 & 6.3 ± 0.06 vs 23.9 ± 1.4 in AA group) in hepatic tissues at p > 0.05. Furthermore, it suppressed apoptosis by reducing expression of Caspase 3 and Bax in colonic and hepatic tissues. Therefore, molsidomine might be a promising candidate for the treatment of UC.Readiness for practice (RFP) is essential as new nurses will practice in a nursing shortage climate, with high acuity patients and complex technology. Nurse educators are challenged to foster readiness for practice.
The aim of this integrative review was to explore the impact of simulation and senior practicum on graduating senior nursing students' readiness for practice.

Readiness for practice has been a point of concern for healthcare for quite some time. This has led to a need for better understanding for what RFP means including their perceptions of various stakeholders. Ertugliflozin Further, it is important to address what teaching and learning strategies can be implemented to assist in ensuring the graduating senior nursing student is ready for practice on graduation and for their first professional practice. Readiness for practice is defined as the ability to safely and competently care for patients by synthesizing theory, skills, attitudes and values in applying clinical reasoning in practice settings.

An intives and that preceptors are supported in teaching and assessing students.Offspring of parents with depression histories are at increased risk of developing depression and also report maladaptive ways of self-regulating sadness. Maladaptive regulation of sadness tends to be more prevalent among females than males and has been proposed as one explanation of sex differences in depression rates that emerge around mid-adolescence. However, there is scant information about the age at which the sex differences in maladaptive regulatory responses become evident and whether such age-related sex differences vary depending on depression risk. The present study examined two samples aged 8-18 years 86 offspring of emotionally healthy parents and 98 offspring of parents with depression histories. Subjects were clinically assessed and provided self-reports of maladaptive responses to sadness. In the combined samples, sex differences in maladaptive responses were significant at age 12.5 years and older ages (i.e., chronologically earlier than the documented emergence of sex differences in depression). While in the high-risk group, sex differences in maladaptive regulatory responses were significant at 12.11 years of age and older, in the low-risk group there was no age at which sex differences were significant. Our findings support the possible mechanistic role of maladaptive emotion regulation in the emergence of sex disparities in depression rates and have implications for prevention.
Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with marked parenchymal brain loss in a significant fraction of patients. The lack of necrosis in postmortem examination suggests an apoptotic process. Emerging evidence suggests that mood stabilizers, like lithium, have antiapoptotic actions. Glutamatergic abnormalities have been associated with BD.

Olfactory neuroepithelial progenitors (ONPs) harvested by biopsy from type I bipolar patients (BD-ONPs, n=3) and non-bipolar controls (non-BD-ONPs, n=6), were treated with glutamate at concentrations sufficient to mimic the observed doubling of intracellular sodium known to occur in both mania and bipolar depression, to investigate potential differential lithium effect on both BD-ONPs and non-BD-ONPs.

Apoptosis was detected in BP-ONPs exposed to 0.1M glutamate for 6h but in non-BD-ONPs at 24h. Moreover, after treatment with 0.1M glutamate treated for 6h the levels of the pro-apoptotic cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP proteins were significantly higher in BD-ONPs compare to non-BD-ONPs. Pretreatment with a therapeutic concentration of 1mM lithium for 3 days attenuated the glutamate induced apoptosis. Lithium pretreatment 3 days also prevented the DNA fragmentation induced by glutamate, and significantly increased the antiapoptotic phospho-B-Raf and Bcl-2 proteins in BD-ONPs compared to non-BD-ONPs.

ONPs are obtained from subjects with and without bipolar illness, but outcome of their study may still not reflect the biology of the illness.

ONPs derived from BD are more susceptible to glutamate-induced apoptosis. Lithium is associated with a greater increase of anti-apoptotic B-Raf and Bcl-2 expression in BD-ONPs.
ONPs derived from BD are more susceptible to glutamate-induced apoptosis. Lithium is associated with a greater increase of anti-apoptotic B-Raf and Bcl-2 expression in BD-ONPs.People regulate both negative and positive emotions, and their ability to do this successfully is a cornerstone of adaptive psychological functioning. However, few measures have been available to assess emotion regulation ability across both valence domains. The Perth Emotion Regulation Competency Inventory (PERCI) was recently developed for this purpose. Here we present the first psychometric study of the PERCI in the United States (N = 508). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the intended eight-factor structure, which was invariant across age, gender, and education. PERCI scores had high internal consistency, and were associated with measures of psychopathology, emotional reactivity, and emotion regulation strategies in expected ways. These observed relationships between the PERCI and various regulation strategies may serve to establish a profile of what strategy patterns characterize differences in emotion regulation ability. Overall, the PERCI had strong psychometrics. Its capacity to assess both valence domains should enable more comprehensive assessments of emotion regulation ability.
Risk factors exploring the link between trauma and Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been extensively explored in adults, however, less is known about child and adolescent populations.

The current meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate and summarise the child focused literature to estimate the strength of the relationship between social support and PTSD symptoms following traumatic events.

Fifty primary studies reporting an effect size for the relationship between total social support scale or a source of social support with PTSD were included. A small effect size was found for the relationship between social support and PTSD (r=-0.12, 95% CI -0.16 to -0.07, k=41), with large heterogeneity (I
= 90.3%). The effect sizes between peer support (r=-0.18, 95% CI -0.10 to -0.25, k=12), family support (r=-0.16, 95% CI -0.09 to -0.24, k=13) and teacher support (r=-0.20, 95% CI -0.15 to -0.24, k=5) and PTSD were also small. Moderator analyses indicated that studies reporting on participants exposed to abuse (r=-0.25) and correlations based on univariate data (r=-0.14) had higher correlations and medium heterogeneity. The main effect size was robust to publication bias and study quality.

The cross-sectional design of the studies limits the findings and future research using prospective and longitudinal design would help to explain the relationship between social support and PTSD further.

The current review suggests that social support may only play a small role in protecting against PTSD and future research may benefit from exploring the link between post-trauma cognitions and social support.
The current review suggests that social support may only play a small role in protecting against PTSD and future research may benefit from exploring the link between post-trauma cognitions and social support.
Eveningness and insomnia are highly comorbid and closely related to psychopathology in adolescents. We aimed to prospectively investigate the trajectories and associations of eveningness and insomnia with daytime functioning, depression and suicidal risk in adolescents.

A 3-year longitudinal study was conducted among 414 Chinese adolescents. The associations of eveningness and insomnia with daytime functioning, depression and suicidal ideation were analyzed using logistic regressions.

The prevalence rates of eveningness were similar at baseline and follow-up (19.3% vs 22.5%; p=0.27), while the prevalence of insomnia increased at follow-up (29.2% vs 40.8%; p < 0.001). Among those eveningness adolescents (n=80) at baseline, 46.2% remained as stable evening-type at follow-up, and among those insomnia adolescents (n=121) at baseline, 64.5% had persistent insomnia at follow-up. Logistic regressions showed that stable, incident, and resolved eveningness were associated with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDgs underscore the importance of addressing sleep and circadian factors in the management of adolescent mood and daytime functioning.
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is known to have negative effects on mental as well as physical health. However, the association between SHS and mental health problems has not been assessed in non-smokers. To evaluate the association of exposure to tobacco smoke and depressive symptoms, and that of the prevalence of having depressive symptoms and urinary cotinine (UCo) concentrations in non-exposed subjects.

Data was extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Depressive symptoms were determined based on a patient's overall score on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, and SHS exposure was evaluated using self-reported data and UCo concentration. Overall, 13,219 non-smokers, ≥ 19 years were included in the study. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors related to depressive symptoms; independent t-test was conducted to confirm the differences in UCo concentration according to the prevalence of depression.

Among the non-exposure groups, 2.0% of the males and 5.6% of the females showed depressive symptoms. Lower social-economic status, higher UCo concentration, and SHS exposure increased the prevalence of depressive symptoms. The UCo concentration of females with depressive symptoms was significantly higher than those of females without depressive symptoms.

This study only demonstrated an association between SHS exposure and depression, not the causal effects, because of the cross-sectional study design.

SHS exposure and depressive symptoms are correlated. The association was also confirmed by evaluating the UCo concentration of those who were not exposed to SHS based on self-reported data.
SHS exposure and depressive symptoms are correlated. The association was also confirmed by evaluating the UCo concentration of those who were not exposed to SHS based on self-reported data.
Lithium is one of the most effective medications for bipolar disorder episode prevention, but its mechanism of action is still largely unknown. The hippocampus is a subcortical cerebral structure involved in the formation of emotional responses, cognition and various primitive functions, altered during affective episodes. Deviations in the anatomy or physiology of the hippocampus would partially explain the symptomatology of bipolar subjects, and restoration may reflect treatment response.

In this mini review, we summarize the studies which have investigated the effect of lithium intake on the volume of hippocampus, measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We performed a bibliographic search on PubMed, using the terms terms "hippocampus", "lithium", "bipolar disorder", "volume" and "MRI". Only original studies were considered.

Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine studies demonstrated increased total hippocampal volume or hippocampal subfield volumes in BD patients on lithium treatment (Li BD) compared to those not taking lithium (non-Li BD), while four failed to show significant differences between groups.
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