Notes

Your motivations for making use of bicycle sharing through the COVID-19 widespread: Observations via Lisbon.
surrogate marker where endoscopic facilities are not available.Iron overload occurs as a result of multiple blood transfusions and increased iron absorption in thalassemia patients. Iron deposition in liver results in liver stiffness and fibrosis. Non invasive methods including imaging and serum biomarkers have been introduced for assessment of liver fibrosis. We aimed to study liver stiffness using transient elastography and serum hyaluronic acid levels and correlate them with serum ferritin levels in adult transfusion dependent beta thalassemia patients.
70 transfusion dependent thalassemia patients of age ≥18 years, registered at Thalassemia Day Care Centre were subjected to investigations like CBC, Liver function tests, viral markers, serum ferritin, serum hyaluronic acid levels and transient elastography. Fibrosis indices like FIB-4, AAR and APRI were also calculated. 45 patients had T2*MRI reports with them; which were also included and analysed. Spearman coefficient r was used to test correlations between TE values and serum HA levels with other variables.

70 p establish the role of serum Hyaluronic acid in thalassemia patients.Non -alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease throughout the world. The spectrum of NAFLD includes a non-serious condition called fatty liver, a more serious condition named non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which may lead to severe liver scarring and cirrhosis. Obesity and diabetes mellitus are established risk factors for NAFLD. However, it has been increasingly reported among lean or non-obese and non diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude, clinical and metabolic profiles of NAFLD in normal body mass index (BMI) subjects, defined as lean NAFLD, as compared to overweight or obese NAFLD and lean healthy controls.
92 consecutive NAFLD and 90 healthy controls were studied between 2021 March to 2021 August, for a period of 6 months. Patients of NAFLD were diagnosed on the basis of ultrasonography features, presence of metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance. Patients with a BMI of less than 23 kg/m2 were defined as lean NAFLD. Alcoholiciabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and less fibrosis on fibroscan of liver. They donot have abdominal obesity, but their BMI was higher than healthy controls.
Dyslipidemia is frequently associated with lean NAFLD. Lean NAFLD when compared to obese or overweight NAFLD, have lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and less fibrosis on fibroscan of liver. They donot have abdominal obesity, but their BMI was higher than healthy controls.Cirrhosis is currently the 11th leading cause of death, accounting for 1.16 million deaths. Cirrhosis of the liver is usually understood to be an end-stage process in which healthy normal liver tissue is replaced by aberrant connective tissue, resulting in nodule formation. selleck kinase inhibitor Most of the times, cirrhosis may remain clinically asymptomatic until decompensated. Systemic inflammation is now thought to have a critical role in the progression of liver injury. As a result, the adoption of a scoring system in primary care to anticipate the outcome and severity of the cirrhotic process is required since it may be utilized to initiate quick and further assessment. It is emphasized that numerous scoring systems, such as the Child-Turcotte Pugh score, which consists of five variables (bilirubin level, albumin, INR, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy), can be used to predict the severity of liver failure. Inflammatory markers play a role in the etiology of liver disease. NLR, which is a widely available and inexpensive biwith Child Pugh C.

Based on the study, it can be concluded that NLR and CTP score has a positive correlation. In Child- Pugh class C patients, NLR is an independent predictor of poor 1-month survival.
Based on the study, it can be concluded that NLR and CTP score has a positive correlation. In Child- Pugh class C patients, NLR is an independent predictor of poor 1-month survival.It is known that impaired thyroid function affects liver function and similarly liver disorders, also affect thyroid function. In this study, we looked at the clinical profile of cirrhosis and studied the correlation between cirrhosis and thyroid function.
The study was conducted as an observational cross-sectional study on patients with cirrhosis of liver reporting at the Department of Medicine, SSMC Rewa (M.P.) during the study period of 15 months i.e. from 1st April 2020 to 30th June 2021. Detailed history regarding risk factors, duration of liver disease, history pertaining to its etiology was obtained. The severity of liver disease was assessed using the Child-Pugh score. All the patients were then subjected to relevant investigations including Serum T3, T4, TSH.

A total of 100 cases of liver cirrhosis were enrolled in our study with a mean age of 53.26±12.54 years. We observed a statistically significant association of Child Pugh Score with T3, T4 as well as TSH (p<0.05). We observed a moderate correlation of Child-Pugh score with T3 levels and TSH (r=0.452 and 0.311 respectively; p<0.05), and a weak correlation was observed with T4 (r=0.240; p<0.05).

In cirrhosis of the liver majority of subjects show impaired thyroid functions. Thyroid hormone levels help assess the severity as well as the course of cirrhosis and among T3, T4, TSH values, Total T3 is considered as a better predictor of severity of cirrhosis.
In cirrhosis of the liver majority of subjects show impaired thyroid functions. Thyroid hormone levels help assess the severity as well as the course of cirrhosis and among T3, T4, TSH values, Total T3 is considered as a better predictor of severity of cirrhosis.The liver is the largest organ of the body weighing 1-1.5 kg, which is 1.5-2.5% of the lean body mass. It plays a major role in protein synthesis, nutrient regulation, metabolism, and the combination of bilirubin and drugs, detoxification, bile production, and immune maintenance. Pathogenesis of hematological changes is multifactorial and included portal hypertension induce sequestration, alteration in bone marrow stimulating factors, viral and toxin-induced bone marrow suppression. Anemia of diverse etiology occurs in about 75% of patients of CLD. Causes of anemia in CLD are iron deficiency, hypersplenism, anemia of chronic disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, folic acid deficiency, aplastic anemia, and as an effect of an antiviral drug. Alcohol is a widely used drug with side effects that include hematopoiesis suppression.
To assess the clinical and hematological abnormalities in chronic liver disease patients, a cross sectional study was conducted in Shyam Shah medical college and associated Sanjay Gandhy help in better clinical management and help to improve prognosis.
In this study, we can conclude that, in chronic liver patients, various hematological changes are very common which need to be identified and corrected early to reduce morbidity and mortality. It is important to typify anemia in cirrhosis with respective etiology, characterizing hematological abnormalities may help in better clinical management and help to improve prognosis.Cirrhosis of Liver is a frequent consequence of the long clinical course of all chronic liver diseases, and it is characterised by tissue fibrosis and the transformation of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules. The prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) to Albumin Ratio (PTAR SCORE) created by Haruki et al. can be quickly calculated at the patient's bedside using a simple formula, INR divided by Serum albumin. Material A total of 93 patients were entered into the hospital based observational study, and all the participants were followed up during hospital stay. Our study aimed to estimate the international normalized ratio and albumin levels in patients of cirrhosis of liver with sepsis and to find out the association between PT-INR to Albumin Ratio (PTAR Score) on the day of admission with patients outcome during hospital stay. Observation The association between the risk of mortality during hospital stay and PTAR score remained statistically significant. The PTAR score showed good discrimination ability for predicting mortality during hospital stay. To improve its feasibility, we regrouped the PTAR scores into three levels of risk (low risk <0.55, intermediate risk0.55-1.00, and high risk ≥1.00); the in hospital mortality rates were 14.29% (4/28), 23.08% (9/39), and 76.93% (20/26), respectively. Conclusion The PTAR score system is a convenient and practical tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with cirrhosis of liver with sepsis.Hyponatremia has been most common electrolyte abnormality found among the patients with advanced cirrhosis indicating a poor prognosis. Hyponatremia is noted to be a marker of the severity of cirrhosis. However, there are limited studies conducted on this in the current study setting and hence the current study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of hyponatremia in chronic liver disease patients and to assess the correlation of hyponatremia with the severity of the chronic liver disease.
This was an observational study conducted among 100 chronic liver disease patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. The socio-demographic data, clinical history and details about the risk factors of CLD were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire by interview method. Blood investigations were performed along with upper GI endoscopy. Severity of cirrhosis was assessed according to Child-Pugh score. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. A P value of &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significan hyponatremia.Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 has been recognized as the causal factor in a series of severe cases of pneumonia originating in Wuhan, China which has been named Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by WHO. The physiological and mechanical changes associated with pregnancy increase maternal susceptibility to infections in general and is a state of relative immunosuppression.
49 pregnant COVID-19 moderate to severe Pneumonia patients classified as per MHFW, GOI were taken into the study for a period of 3 months at Bowring &amp; Lady Curzon Hospital. Clinical history, duration of illness, co-morbidities, q-sofa score, basic blood panel and inflammatory markers, were done at the time of admission and co-related with the pregnancy and Covid -19 outcomes.

Among 49 patients, 13 were in the age group of 20-25 years, 24 in 26-30 years and 12 in 31-41 years. 27 patients (55.1%) recovered whereas 22 patients (44.9%) died. 69.4% had cough and breathlessness as presenting comnfection and mortality.
Compared to first wave of COVID-19 infection second wave showed significant mortality and morbidity among COVID-19 positive pregnant women. Pregnancy is a state of relative immunosuppression and hence close monitoring and early intervention and multidisciplinary care is of importance in order to prevent severe COVID-19 infection and mortality.India witnessed a huge surge in Covid 19 cases in the second wave. There was also an increased presentation of Mucor mycosis cases associated with Covid 19 illness. Severe COVID-19 is a hyper-ferritinemic syndrome, but whether high ferritin is a marker of a severe systemic disease versus a modulator of pathophysiology is not known. Irrespective of its role, high ferritin levels lead to excess intracellular iron that generates reactive oxygen species resulting in tissue damage. There are many theories existing presently to associate the development of Mucor mycosis in Covid 19 patients. The present study is to evaluate the correlation between HbA1c and serum ferritin levels in COVID 19 associated Mucor mycosis and the associated outcomes.
It is prospective observational study. RT-PCR confirmed cases of COVID 19 pneumonia with clinical, microbiological or radiologically confirmed cases of mucor mycosis were selected after obtaining informed consent. Relevant clinical data collected, Serum Hba1c and Ferritin was sent.
Website: https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Gefitinib.html