Notes

Problems, Reoperations, along with Mid-Term Final results Right after Anterior Vertebral Entire body Tethering Vs . Posterior Spinal Fusion: A new Meta-Analysis.
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays a pivotal role in cartilage differentiation and other functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of TGF-β1 overexpressing amniotic MSCs (AMMs) generated using gene editing in a mouse model of damaged cartilage. The TGF-β1 gene was inserted into a safe harbor genomic locus in AMMs using transcription activator-like effector nucleases. The chondrogenic properties of TGF-β1-overexpressing AMMs (AMM/T) were characterized using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative RT-PCR, and histological analysis, and their therapeutic effects were evaluated in mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). AMM/T expressed cartilage-specific genes and showed intense Safranin O and Alcian blue staining. Furthermore, injecting AMM/T attenuated CIA progression compared with AMM injection, and increased the regulatory T (Treg) cell population, while suppressing T helper (Th)17 cell activation in CIA mice. Proinflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly decreased in AMM/T injected CIA mice compared with their AMM injected counterparts. In conclusion, genome-edited AMMs overexpressing TGF-β1 may be a novel and alternative therapeutic option for protecting cartilage and treating inflammatory joint arthritis.To get carbon electrode with both excellent gravimetric and volumetric capacitances at high mass loadings is critical to supercapacitors. Herein, cracked defective graphene nanospheres (GNS) well meet above requirements. The morphology and structure of the GNS are controlled by polystyrene sphere template/glucose ratio, microwave heating time, and Fe content. The typical GNS with specific surface area of 2794 m2 g-1 , pore volume of 1.48 cm3 g-1 , and packing density of 0.74 g cm-3 performs high gravimetric and volumetric capacitances of 529 F g-1 and 392 F cm-3 at 1A g-1 with a capacitance retention of 62.5% at 100 A g-1 in a three-electrode system in 6 mol L-1 KOH aqueous electrolyte. In a two-electrode system, the GNS possesses energy density of 18.6 Wh kg-1 (13.8 Wh L-1 ) at the power density of 504 W kg-1 , which is higher than all reported pure carbon materials in gravimetric energy density and higher than all reported heteroatom-doped carbon materials in volumetric energy density, in aqueous solution, as far as it is known. A structural feature of carbon materials that possess both high energy density and high power density is pointed out here.
Evidence-based policy making for delivering affordable lung cancer care relies on the breadth, depth and quality of knowledge of its treatment costs. This study estimates the annual prevalence, medical service utilization and direct treatment costs of lung cancer in urban China.

Using claim data from China's urban basic medical insurance between 2013 and 2016, we constructed a nationally representative sample of lung cancer patients in urban China. Weighted descriptive analyses, Poisson regressions and generalized linear modelling were used to analyse lung cancer medical service utilization and costs and their associations with patient characteristics.

In urban China, the annual prevalence of lung cancer was 87.65/100000, with nearly 0.65% of total health expenditures of urban residents spent on lung cancer treatments. Weighted average annual total medical costs of lung cancer was RMB33.78 (US$5.36) thousand, with annual out-of-pocket costs of RMB10.26 (US$1.63) thousand. The average yearly number of luies are required to efficiently allocate health resources, contain health expenditure and decrease the individual financial burden of lung cancer.
Multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) is performed as objective assessment of sleepiness, on the following day after polysomnography (PSG). In most clinics, patients are required to stay for 2days. However, if patients have chronic sleep debt before the examination, even if they get adequate nocturnal sleep during the initial PSG, their sleep debt would not be fully resolved, affecting MSLT results. This may lead to improper administration of psycho-stimulant medication. To clarify the sleep debt for the patients who showed short sleep latencies, we compared the mean sleep latencies of MSLTs.

Twelve hypersomnolent males, who underwent MSLTs (1st MSLT with 1 night and 2nd MSLT with more than 3 nights), were enrolled. We selected these cases based on the longer total sleep time on PSG night compared to the mean total sleep time on pre-examination sleep logs and shortened sleep latencies on PSG. To evaluate the effect of the sleep debt for the patients who showed short sleep latencies, we extended their hospitalization or re-hospitalized them.

The mean sleep latency of 1st MSLT was 5.8minutes and that of 2nd was 13.9minutes (P<.001). Among these 12 cases, 5 cases altered from short to normal sleep latencies at the 2nd MSLT. These 5 cases were prevented from over-diagnoses by the extension of evaluations.

The sleep debt may produce false-positive results when patients are examined by standard PSG and MSLT. Accumulation of sleep debt will cause shortened sleep latencies in the following nights. Patients should be advised to extend their hospitalization before PSG and MSLT to reduce the chronic sleep debt for accurate diagnosis of hypersomnia.
The sleep debt may produce false-positive results when patients are examined by standard PSG and MSLT. Accumulation of sleep debt will cause shortened sleep latencies in the following nights. Patients should be advised to extend their hospitalization before PSG and MSLT to reduce the chronic sleep debt for accurate diagnosis of hypersomnia.
To investigate the regulatory network of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).

The gene expression profile GSE74089 of ONFH and microRNA (miRNA) expression profile of GSE89587 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GSE74089 contained four ONFH samples and four controls. The GSE89587 included 10 ONFH samples and 10 control samples. selleck chemical The differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) and DE-mRNAs between ONFH group and control group were identified from GSE74089 using the limma package based on criteria of adjusted P value <0.05 and |log fold change (FC)| ≥2. The DEmiRNAs between ONFH group and control group were screened from GSE89587 on the basis of adjusted P value <0.05. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway for DE-mRNAs were analyzed using DAVID 6.7 and GSEA 3.0, respectively. Coexpressed lncRNA-mRNA pairs were identified by corr.test method in R based on the LINC00494, C9orf163, C10orf91, and LINC00301. The ceRNA network indicated that lncRNA H19 functioned as a ceRNA of hsa-miR-519b-3p and hsa-miR-296-5p in ANKH and ECHDC1 regulation; lncRNA C9orf163 functioned as a ceRNA of hsa-miR-424-5p in CCNT1 regulation. The expression trends of ANKH, CCNT1, and C9orf163 were successfully validated in independent dataset of GSE123568.

The ceRNAs of lncRNA H19- hsa-miR-519b-3p/hsa-miR-296-5p-ANKH and lncRNA c9orf163- hsa-miR-424-5p-CCNT1 might play important roles in ONFH development. Our research provided an understanding of the important role of lncRNA-related ceRNAs in ONFH.
The ceRNAs of lncRNA H19- hsa-miR-519b-3p/hsa-miR-296-5p-ANKH and lncRNA c9orf163- hsa-miR-424-5p-CCNT1 might play important roles in ONFH development. Our research provided an understanding of the important role of lncRNA-related ceRNAs in ONFH.
To investigate risk factors of cage retropulsion after posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in China and to establish a scoring system of cage retropulsion.

The retrospective analysis was based on two hospital databases. The medical data records of posterior lumbar interbody fusion with cage retropulsion were selected from August 2009 to August 2019. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were set in advance. Risk factors including patients' baseline demographics (age, gender, operation diagnosis time difference), preoperative neurological symptoms, whether the fusion involves single or double segments, screw type, intraoperative compression, preoperative bone mineral density, whether there are neurological symptoms before surgery, whether there is urine dysfunction before surgery, disease type, complete removal of the endplate, and patient's education level. The research endpoint was the retropulsion of fusion cages. The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method was used to analyze potential risk factors, and multivariatep according to the final score. The three median survival times of the three groups were 66 days in the low-risk group, 55 days in the moderate-risk group, and 45 days in the high-risk group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05).

Intraoperative pressure and complete removal of the intraoperative endplate can be helpful to evaluating the expected time of cage retropulsion in patients with PLIF, and this clinical model guided the selection of postoperative prevention and follow-up treatment.
Intraoperative pressure and complete removal of the intraoperative endplate can be helpful to evaluating the expected time of cage retropulsion in patients with PLIF, and this clinical model guided the selection of postoperative prevention and follow-up treatment.
The aim of the present study was to use a gelatin sponge impregnated with dexamethasone, combined with minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) and no drainage tube after the operation for early postoperative recurrence of root pain caused by edema.

A prospective case series study was designed. From September 2015 to January 2018, eligible patients diagnosed with lumbar degenerative disease underwent MIS-TLIF combined with a gelatin sponge impregnated with dexamethasone and no drainage tube after surgery. The short-term clinical data were collected, such as visual analog scale (VAS) scores for low back pain and leg pain preoperatively and on postoperative days (POD) 1-10, time bedridden postoperatively, and length of hospital stay postoperatively. Long-term indicators include the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) score, evaluated preoperatively and 1 week, 3 months, and more f the JOA score was 16.5% and 66.9%, respectively. There were 2 (1.4%) cases with complications, including 1 (0.7%) case of wound infection and 1 (0.7%) case of deep vein thrombosis. There were no device-related complications or neurological injuries.

Use of a gelatin sponge impregnated with dexamethasone combined with MIS-TLIF and no drainage tube after the operation, compared with previous studies, appears to be safe and feasible to reduce recurrent back pain and leg pain after decompression in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease.
Use of a gelatin sponge impregnated with dexamethasone combined with MIS-TLIF and no drainage tube after the operation, compared with previous studies, appears to be safe and feasible to reduce recurrent back pain and leg pain after decompression in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease.
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