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360-degree viewable three-dimensional (3D) display systems have gained considerable attention for the unique manner in which they display objects. Most of the optical display devices in these systems employ two parabolic mirrors facing each other separated by a distance equal to the focal length of the mirrors. However, the current configuration is limited to unity magnification and provides a small image relative to the volume of the system. This paper presents a novel 3D display system based on two Fresnel mirrors with different focal lengths facing each other. The distance between the mirrors can be adjusted to alter the magnification of the resulting 3D image. Wave-optics analysis of an optical dual-lens system equivalent to the proposed dual-mirror system was used to simulate the image distance, the transverse and longitudinal magnification, and the minimum length of the proposed system. This paper also addresses issues pertaining to the design and manufacture of Fresnel mirrors. An experiment system using Fresnel mirrors with focal lengths of 60mm and 90mm clearly demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed scheme in terms of 3D image magnification.Raw data compression is mandatory for monitoring of processes by dynamic speckle analysis when two-dimensional activity maps are built by pointwise statistical processing of correlated speckle patterns formed on the surface of diffusely reflecting objects under laser illumination. Coarse quantization of speckle patterns enables storage and transfer of a huge amount of images, but it may be inefficient at spatially varying speckle statistics, such as for patterns recorded at non-uniform illumination or reflectivity. selleck products We prove efficacy of coarse quantization of the raw speckle data with varying statistics for a normalized algorithm by simulation and a polymer drop drying experiment. Both uniform and non-uniform quantization are proposed for treating such data. Decreasing the bit depth from 8 to 3 is possible without worsening the quality of the activity map.Random phases with all frequency components lead to excessive diffusions of object waves, resulting in loss of detail in holographic reconstructions. In this study, the effects of random phases with various frequencies on holographic reconstruction results are evaluated. The optimized maximal value of the random phases is analyzed. Utilizing the evaluation results, we propose a frequency-based optimized random phase that reduces the unfavorable effect of the insufficient dynamic range of computer-generated holograms and prevents excessive diffusions by traditional random phases. Utilizing the optimized random phase, which improves the reconstruction quality significantly, we can commendably reconstruct both contours and details.This paper describes the experiment on multiplexing recording using a phase mask to create augmented reality waveguides. The study is distinguished by the application of photo-thermo-refractive glass as both holographic and substrate materials. The presented approach allows us to obtain the diffraction efficiency above 15% in each of the multiplexed gratings for sevenfold recording. The images output with the manufactured planar waveguide prototype are presented.Atomization of low temperature fuel is of great importance in a jet engine combustor, and its visualization and diagnostics are challenging, especially in the presence of shreds and ligaments. A 25 kHz picosecond pulsed digital inline holography system is applied to measure the spray produced by an airblast atomizer with low temperature kerosene. The breakup process of shreds and ligaments of -37∘C kerosene are visualized and analyzed, revealing the transition of liquid jet disintegrating into droplets under the atomizing air film. link2 Three-dimensional positions and size distributions of droplets in spray are acquired. It is found that a decrease in the kerosene temperature increases shreds and ligaments in the spray, which eventually leads to reduction of droplet density and increase of droplet size, while increasing the air pressure can compensate the degradation. This work also demonstrates that high speed holographic imaging is a powerful tool in spray diagnostics and liquid breakup visualization.In this work, quality evaluation of a reconstructed amplitude image in digital holography is presented. The digital holograms are recorded using three different digital holographic experimental configurations, namely, conventional off-axis digital holography, concave-lens-based digital holography, and the digital holographic camera developed for non-destructive testing applications [Opt. Lasers Eng.137, 106359 (2021)OLENDN0143-816610.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106359]. The quality of reconstructed images is measured by calculating the quality evaluation parameters such as speckle index, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and structural similarity index measure for these experimental configurations. Optimization of the power of the light source and exposure time of the recording sensor is performed for the three configurations based on the quality evaluation of reconstructed images. A comparison of the quality of reconstructed images is made for the three experimental configurations to analyze their performance for different source power and exposure time of the recording image sensor.In this paper, we quantified and analyzed the impact of the l1 norm and total variation (TV) norm sparse constraints on the reconstruction quality under different interlayer spacings, sampling rates, and signal-to-noise ratios. For high-quality holograms, the results of compressive-sensing reconstruction using l1 norm achieved higher quality than those by the TV norm. In contrast, for low-quality holograms, the quality of TV-norm-based reconstruction results was relatively stable and better than that of l1 norm. In addition, we explained why interlayer spacing cannot be smaller and recommend the use of axial resolution of the digital holography system as the interlayer spacing. The conclusions are valuable in the choice of sparse constraints in compressive holographic tomography.High-definition depth-added computer-generated holographic stereogram (DA-CGHS) is superior in its high quality, easy realization, and auto-shading effect. However, its computing cost is extremely high because numerous scenes together with depth information must be calculated. Here, we proposed a fast calculation scheme of DA-CGHS by the spectrum-domain look-up table (SDLUT) method. In SDLUT, diffraction fields on the hogel plane of selected reference points in the object space are calculated. Subsequently, the fields are Fourier transformed to the spectrum domain. Because the signal energy always concentrates in a small spectrum region, these regions are cropped as the elemental tables. In the computing of the hogels, the field superposition is conducted in the spectrum domain by using the elemental tables. In our demonstration, the table size of SDLUT is only 0.44% that of the look-up table (LUT). Because the table size is very small, the computing time of SDLUT method can be nearly 80 times faster than that of conventional LUTs in the spatial domain, while the image quality is comparable.This paper discusses noise and bias in the method of holographic interferometry applied to the study of acoustics phenomena. link3 The influence of noise on the measurement of acoustic pressure is described by an analytical approach. Relationships to quantify the minimum measurable fluid density and acoustic pressure are given by taking into account the experimental parameters of the setup. These parameters are related to the spatial bandwidths, number of electrons in pixels, readout noise, and quantization noise. Experimental results show that theoretical relations are relatively close to experimental data and that the lower pressure measurement limit is on the order of 15 Pa for the acoustics pressure. The case of waveguides excited by an internal or external acoustic source is investigated. Specifically, for the case of studies in thermoacoustics, this paper demonstrates that the parasitic coupling of vibrations can be compensated. The proposed method is based on the determination of the amplitude and phase of the parasitic oscillation, requiring a few assumptions related to the physics of the underlying phenomenon. Successful compensation is obtained and yields experimental data in agreement with the theoretical predictions.A simple and robust technique of Moiré topography with single-image capture and incorporating digital filtering along with a four-step digitally implemented phase-shifting method is introduced for three-dimensional (3D) surface mapping. Feature details in the order of tens to hundreds of microns can be achieved using interferometrically generated structured light to illuminate the object surface. Compared to the traditional optical phase-shifting method, a digital phase-shifting method based on Fourier processing is implemented with computer-generated sinusoidal patterns derived from the recorded deformed fringes. This enables a single capture of the image that can be used to reconstruct the 3D topography of the surface. Single-shot imaging is simple to implement experimentally and avoids errors in introducing the correct phase shifts. The feasibility of this technique is verified experimentally, and applications to metallic surfaces are demonstrated.The performance of direct and unwrapped phase retrieval, which combines digital holography with the transport of intensity, is examined in detail in this paper. In this technique, digital holography is used to numerically reconstruct the intensities at different planes around the image plane, and phase retrieval is achieved by the transport of intensity. Digital holography with transport of intensity is examined for inline and off-axis geometries. The effect of twin images in the inline case is evaluated. Phase-shifting digital holography with transport of intensity is introduced. The performance of digital holography with transport of intensity is compared with traditional off-axis single- and dual-wavelength techniques, which employ standard phase unwrapping algorithms. Simulations and experiments are performed to determine and compare the accuracy of phase retrieval through a mean-squared-error figure of merit as well as the computational speeds of the various methods.Laser inertial confinement fusion (ICF) triggers a nuclear fusion reaction via the evenly compressed capsule containing deuterium tritium fuel with a high-power laser. However, isolated defects on the surface of the capsules reduce the probability of ignition. In this paper, we present a full-surface defects detection method based on a null interferometric microscope (NIM) to achieve high-precision, high-efficiency, and full-surface defects detection on ICF capsules. A dynamic phase-shifting module is applied to the NIM to achieve a single-shot measurement in a single subaperture. With the capsule controlling system, the capsule is rotated and scanned along a planned lattice to get all subapertures measured. The eccentricity error can be measured from wavefront aberrations and compensated online to guarantee the measurement accuracy during the scanning process. After the scanning process, all of the surface defects are identified on the full-surface map. Theories and experimental results indicate that for the capsule with 875-µm-diameter, the lateral resolution could reach 0.
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