Notes

A process for you to assess chromatin compaction with confocal as well as super-resolution microscopy within classy tissues.
8915) for diabetic foot cases.

The frequency of antibiotic-resistant staphylococcu saureus strains was high.
The frequency of antibiotic-resistant staphylococcu saureus strains was high.
To assess the preparedness for hospital practice among graduate and school entry medical students at King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS).

This cross-sectional study was conducted at KSAU-HS College of Medicine, during the academic year 2016-2017. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, and non-parametric testing was performed.

The sample consisted of 312 medical students with 103 (33%) graduate entrants. The comparison of overall preparedness showed that students were best prepared for holistic care with median (Q1-Q3) score of 3 (2.6-3.5). The final year clinical students were significantly better among all of the batches in terms of management (p =0.008). Graduate entry students were significantly more prepared compared to school entry students in all areas except science and holistic care (p = 0.508 and p = 0.582, respectively). Female students were better prepared compared to male students.

This study demonstrated that graduate entrants are more prepared for future careers compared to school entrants. In Luminespib , females showed better preparedness in general compared to males. Although the preclinical students perceived that they were well prepared, the graduating senior most students thought they were not ready to deal with real patients.
This study demonstrated that graduate entrants are more prepared for future careers compared to school entrants. In addition, females showed better preparedness in general compared to males. Although the preclinical students perceived that they were well prepared, the graduating senior most students thought they were not ready to deal with real patients.
To investigate extended spectrum β-lactamase production and Fosfomycin resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species isolates from patients' urine culture.

Chromogenic agar was used to identify Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species strains. All antibiogram processing was carried out on a fully automated VITEK 2 identification and antibiogram system. The results obtained between January 2015 and December 2018 were retrospectively screened.

Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species were isolated from total 2868 urine cultures. Thus, 844 (34.9%) of 2418 Escherichia coli and 305 (67.8%) of 450 Klebsiella species producted ESBL. Sensitivity rate of ESBL producing Escherichia coli to Fosfomycin was 96.5%, and 98.8% for ESBL negative Escherichia coli. Sensitivity rate of ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae to Fosfomycin was 70.5%, and 53.1% for ESBL negative Klebsiella pneumoniae. None of the three ESBL producing Klebsiella oxytoca strains were found to be resistant to Fosfomycin, though five of 15 ESBL negative strains were found to be resistant to Fosfomycin.

Taking into consideration the advantages of low resistant rate, it is concluded that Fosfomycin may be a good alternative for first step empirical treatment in urinary tract infections, especially in Escherichia coli positive cases. However, the rate of resistance identified in Klebsiella strains informs the onset of resistance problems in Fosfomycin.
Taking into consideration the advantages of low resistant rate, it is concluded that Fosfomycin may be a good alternative for first step empirical treatment in urinary tract infections, especially in Escherichia coli positive cases. However, the rate of resistance identified in Klebsiella strains informs the onset of resistance problems in Fosfomycin.
To evaluate the association of Pro198Leu polymorphism in glutathione peroxidase 1 gene in type 2 diabetic patients with neuropathy.

The comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2 to November 30, 2018, at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, in collaboration with the Department of Neurology, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. Diagnosed type 2 diabetics of either genders aged 40-70 years were divided into two equal groups of neuropathy and non- neuropathy subjects. Deoxyribonucleic acid was subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism for glutathione peroxidase 1gene analysis. #link# Hardy Weinberg equation was used to check the genotype frequency equilibrium.

Of the 60 patients, there were 30(50%) each in the two groups. Age, fasting glucose level and diabetes duration were significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). Even though the frequency of TT genotype was higher, no association of the polymorphism and any of the genotypes was found with diabetic neuropathy (p>0.05).

There was no association found between Pro198 Lue polymorphism in glutathione peroxidase 1 and diabetic neuropathy.
There was no association found between Pro198 Lue polymorphism in glutathione peroxidase 1 and diabetic neuropathy.
To investigate the accurate intraocular lens power formula in eyes with axial length over 26mm by using optical biometry.

The retrospective case series was conducted at Medicana International Avcilar Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey from 2016 to 2018, and comprised data related to years between 2014 and 2018. Optical low-coherence reflectometry had been used in measurements. The calculation methods were included Hill-radial basis function, Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff-Theoretical, Hoffer Q, Barrett Universal II, Olsen, Haigis and Holladay-2. The spherical equivalent values that were obtained with automated refractometer at the first postoperative month were recorded. link2 Mean absolute error for each formula was estimated. SPSS 16 was used for data analysis.

There were 56 eyes of as many patients with a mean axial length of 26.70±0.88mm. The postoperative numerical error was within ±0.50 diopters in 46(82%) patients, and between the -0.50 and -1.00 diopters in 10(18%). link3 The mean absolute error values were significantly lower in Haigis, Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff-Theoretical, HofferQ and Holladay-2 formulas compared to the Barrett, Hill, and Olsen formulas (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant intra-group difference for Haigis, Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff-Theoretical, Hoffer Q, and Holladay-2 formulas (p>0.05).

In long eyes with an axial length over 26mm, Haigis, Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff-Theoretical, Hoffer Q and Holladay-2 formulas yielded better postoperative refractive outcomes compared to Hill-radial basis function, Barrett Universal IIand Olsen formulas. The Haigis formula had the lowest refractive numerical error.
In long eyes with an axial length over 26mm, Haigis, Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff-Theoretical, Hoffer Q and Holladay-2 formulas yielded better postoperative refractive outcomes compared to Hill-radial basis function, Barrett Universal IIand Olsen formulas. The Haigis formula had the lowest refractive numerical error.
To assess the risk factors associated with tonsillitis.

The cross-sectional study was conducted at Mardan Medical Complex and District Headquarter Hospital, Mardan, Pakistan, from January to June 2018, and comprised tonsillitis patients. Data was collected using a questionnaire which included different risk factors like age 1-10 years, gender, residential area, dietary habit etc. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.

Of the 325 subjects, 200(61.54%), were clinically diagnosed with tonsillitis; 138(69%) being males. Age, unhygienic living condition, balanced diet, stressful environment and the use of sore/spicy foods were identified as significantly associated factors (p<0.05).

Age, unhygienic living condition, balanced diet, stressful environment and the use of sore/spicy food were found to have a strong association with tonsillitis.
Age, unhygienic living condition, balanced diet, stressful environment and the use of sore/spicy food were found to have a strong association with tonsillitis.
To estimate plasma somatostatin and insulin like growth factor-1levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, and to compare it with healthy controls.

The cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the University of Health Sciences (UHS), Lahore, Pakistan, from December 2016 to January 2018, and comprised patients of polycystic ovary syndrome selected from tertiary care hospitals of the city. A group of apparently healthy women was also raised from the local community to work as controls. Anthropometric measurements, general physical examination and fasting blood glucose levels were determined for each subject. Plasma insulin, somatostatin and insulin like growth factor-1levels were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was collected using a predesigned questionnaire and was analysed using SPSS 20.

Of the 80 subjects, 40(50%) were cases with a mean age of 22.63±4.47 years, and 40(50%) were controls with a mean age of 22.78±4.85 years (p>0.05). The cases had higher fasting blood glucose, insulin and insulin like growth factor-1levels (p<0.05) compared to the controls.

Insulin resistance and lower somatostatin levels along with higher insulin like growth factor-1 levels were found in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to healthy women.
Insulin resistance and lower somatostatin levels along with higher insulin like growth factor-1 levels were found in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to healthy women.
To determine the factors affecting self-esteem, depression and body image of pregnant women at gestational age ≥28 weeks.

The cross-sectional study was conducted at Ataturk State Hospital, Balikesir, Turkey from April to October 2016, and comprised pregnant women presenting to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Outpatient Clinic. Data was collected using a questionnaire demographic characteristics, Body Image Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.

Of the 385 women approached, 362(94.0%) participated. Their mean age was 26.0± 5.1 years. Those having graduated from a university and those who were employed had high self-esteem (p<0.05). Women whose husbands were unemployed, who had low family income and got married unwillingly, had low self-esteem and high depressive symptoms (p<0.05). In women whose husbands displayed negative attitudes towards their gaining weight during pregnancy, there was a negative relationship between depression and self-esteem scores (p<0.05), a positive correlation between selfesteem and body image scores (p<0.05), and a negative correlation between their body image and depression scores (p<0.05).

Identification of the factors affecting women's perception of self-esteem, body image and possible depressive symptoms are important for the wellbeing of women and their family.
Identification of the factors affecting women's perception of self-esteem, body image and possible depressive symptoms are important for the wellbeing of women and their family.
To determine the prevalence of staphylococcus aureus in nasal carriers of healthy individuals and to evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.

The cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, from October 2016 to April 2017, and comprised samples collected from nasal cavities of healthy students aged 19-26 years with the help of a sterile swab. For antibiotic susceptibility test, Kirby-Bauerdisc diffusion test was performed according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards and Institute.

Of the 200 samples, staphylococcus aureus was detected in 41(20.5%). Among them, 27(65.85%) strains were isolated from male samples and 14(34.14%) from female samples. All (100%) strains were found to be sensitive to Cefoxitin and Linezolid, while all (100%) were resistant to Penicillin.

Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization was found more in male than female isolates. Cefoxitin and Linezolid were the most effective drugs against the isolates, which were all resistant to Penicillin.
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