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Comet assay showed that extracts reduced MMC-increased genetic damage index (GDI), significantly in the concentrations of 500 and 1000 μg/mL, in comparison with positive control. Based on our results, it can be concluded that methanol T. arduini and T. flavum extracts possess protective proapoptotic and antigenotoxic effect which is indication of their medicinal relevance and use in treatment.Survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is enhanced in obese patients, which is called the obesity paradox. Despite some theories, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Since COPD exacerbations play a major role in COPD survival, this study aimed to stratify patients into BMI classes and investigate exacerbation frequency, time to readmission and survival in patients hospitalized with a COPD exacerbation. Therefore, patients hospitalized with an exacerbation of COPD were categorized into BMI groups using cut-offs less then 18.5, 25, 30 and ≥35 kg/m2 for underweight, normal, overweight, moderately obese and severely obese groups and followed for five years. A total of 604 COPD patients was included. In comparison to normal weight patients, the 5-year exacerbation frequency was significantly decreased by 34-40% in obese patients depending on the BMI group (1.83 ± 1.60 per year in the normal weight group; overweight 1.60 ± 1.41; moderately obese 1.20 ± 1.18; severely obese 1.09 ± 1.13 per year; and 1.59 ± 1.30 in the underweight group). The time to readmission was up to 1.7 times longer for moderately obese patients compared to normal weight patients (954 ± 734 versus 564 ± 660 days). The data were supported by enhanced survival in obese patients and a regression analysis showing that both time to readmission and survival were associated with BMI independent of other possible confounders. In conclusion, this study shows a 'dose dependent' reduced exacerbation frequency and an increased time to readmission in obese patients admitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of COPD.Diet containing watermelon coloring (5, 20, 35 and 50 mg lycopene/100g) was fed to albino rats to study in-vivo bioavailability of lycopene. The rats were fed with lycopene enriched test diets for seven days of treatment period along with control diet during pre and post treatment periods of seven days each. The body weight of each group of albino rats significantly increased during feeding trial which showed that rats were in healthy condition during the treatment. The daily lycopene intake from test diets varied from 0.03 to 0.51 mg during treatment period of seven days which decreased to 0.02-0.07 mg during post-treatment period with control diet. The lycopene absorbed by different groups of rats varied from 0.22 to 3.74 mg/kg body weight of rat during treatment period and 0.15-0.67 mg/kg body weight of rat during post-treatment periods. Lycopene bioavailability increased proportionately with the lycopene content of test diet.The objective of this study was to evaluate the residues of 42 pesticides subject to public concern in Tieguanyin tea produced in Fujian, China. The presence of 42 pesticide residues in 90 Tieguanyin tea samples were determined. A total of 17 pesticides were detected. At least one pesticide residue was detected in 65 samples (72.2%). The detected pesticides imidacloprid, tolfenpyrad, bifenthrin, acetamiprid were found in 55.6%, 33.3%, 18.9% and 16.7% of samples, respectively. Pesticide residues in Tieguanyin tea varied significantly over the seasons and across the production regions. Based on data obtained, the health risks associated with long-term exposure to those pesticides were assessed and risks of detected pesticides were ranked. The hazard quotients (HQs) among the detected pesticides range from 5 × 10-8 for fenpropathrin to 3 × 10-4 for imidacloprid. The results demonstrated that despite a high occurrence of pesticide residues in Tieguanyin tea, residue levels observed could not be considered as a serious public health problem. The risk ranking scheme showed dicofol and thiacloprid were considered to pose a medium-risk. The suggestions for 17 detected pesticides used in Tieguanyin tea plantation were made, including those already banned from use in China (dicofol and methomyl), recommended for diminished use (thiacloprid and chlorpyrifos), and permitted use with considering the pre-harvest interval (13 other pesticides).This systematic review aimed to discuss the effects of arginine on caries-related microorganisms in different in vitro biofilm models. The eligibility criteria were in vitro studies that evaluated the effect of arginine at different concentrations on caries-related microorganisms using biofilm models. Eighteen studies published between 2012 and 2019 were included. Different bacterial species were studied. Seventeen studies (94.4%) achieved a low risk of bias and only one showed a medium risk of bias. The studies showed that arginine is a promising approach for the ecological management of dental caries. The focus of this review was to evaluate the effects of arginine on microorganisms involved in the mechanism of dental caries.This research aimed to mitigate fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBR) through concurrent usage of zinc oxide as an antibacterial agent (A) and sodium alginate as a hydrophilic agent (H) within a polyacrylonitrile membrane (PM) structure. The antibacterial polymeric membranes (APM) and antibacterial hydrophilic polymeric membranes (AHPM) synthesized showed a higher porosity, mechanical strength and bacterial inhibition zone, and a lower contact angle in comparison with PM membranes. EDS, SEM and AFM analyses were used to characterize the chemical, structural, and morphological properties of PM, APM, and AHPM. The flux of PM, APM, and AHPM in MBR was 37, 48, and 51 l m-2 h-1 and COD removal was 81, 93.5, and 96.7%, respectively. After MBR operation for 35 days in an urban wastewater treatment, only 50% of the flux of PM was recovered, while the antibacterial and hydrophilic agents yielded a flux recovery of 72.7 and 100% for APM and AHPM, respectively.The maternal circadian time structure is incredibly important in the entrainment and programing of the fetal and newborn circadian time structure. Natural sunlight is the primary environmental time cue for entrainment of circadian rhythms, but high-risk pregnant women spend most of their time indoors with artificial light sources and extremely low levels of natural light both during the day and night. Because the daily level, timing, duration of light exposure and its spectral properties are important in maintaining the normal circadian physiology in humans, we aimed to evaluate the environmental lighting conditions in high-risk pregnant women admitted to hospital for long-term stay. About 30 patients were included in the study. Exposed illuminance, color temperature and effective circadian radiation dose were measured and recorded every 10 s by light dosimeters attached to the patients' clothing. We documented the illuminance of 29 pregnant women on 235 inpatient days. Median (IQR) measured illuminance was 70 (28-173) lux in the morning, 124 (63-241) lux in the afternoon, 19 (6-53) lux in the evening and 0 (0-0) lux at the night. Median illuminance for the 235 inpatient days of assessment was below the recommended EU standard of 100 lux-60.5% of the mornings and 42.7% of the afternoons. MSAB concentration The women confined to indoor locations rarely achieved an illuminances more than 300 lux in the morning and in the afternoon. Compared to women with outdoor mobility, those confined indoors have a significantly lower illuminance and color temperature, both in the morning and in the afternoon. Our study presents the first information about the dramatically altered environmental lighting conditions experienced by high-risk pregnant women during their hospital stay. Their exposure to light while in the hospital is significantly lower than exposure to natural daylight levels and below the recommended EU standard.Aim Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) catalyzes serotonin synthesis in peripheral tissues. Selective TPH1 inhibitors may be useful for treating disorders related to serotonin dysregulation. Results & methodology Screening using a thermal shift assay for TPH1 binders yielded Compound 1 (2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one), which showed high potency (50% inhibition at 98 ± 30 nM) and selectivity for inhibiting TPH over related aromatic amino acid hydroxylases in enzyme activity assays. Structure-activity relationships studies revealed several analogs of 1 showing comparable potency. Kinetic studies suggested a noncompetitive mode of action of 1, with regards to tryptophan and tetrahydrobiopterin. Computational docking studies and live cell assays were also performed. Conclusion This TPH1 inhibitor scaffold may be useful for developing new therapeutics for treating elevated peripheral serotonin.Cannabis, or marijuana, has potential therapeutic and medicinal properties related to multiple compounds, particularly Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. Over the past 25 years, attitudes toward cannabis have evolved rapidly, with expanding legalization of medical and recreational use at the state level in the United States and recreational use nationally in Canada and Uruguay. As a result, the consumption of cannabis products is increasing considerably, particularly among youth. Our understanding of the safety and efficacy of cannabis has been limited by decades of worldwide illegality and continues to be limited in the United States by the ongoing classification of cannabis as a Schedule 1 controlled substance. These shifts in cannabis use require clinicians to understand conflicting laws, health implications, and therapeutic possibilities. Cannabis may have therapeutic benefits, but few are cardiovascular in nature. Conversely, many of the concerning health implications of cannabis include cardiovascular diseases, although they may be mediated by mechanisms of delivery. This statement critically reviews the use of medicinal and recreational cannabis from a clinical but also a policy and public health perspective by evaluating its safety and efficacy profile, particularly in relationship to cardiovascular health.Exposure therapy works through inhibitory learning, whereby patients are exposed to stimuli that elicit anxiety in order to establish safety associations. Mindful emotion awareness, or nonjudgmental and present-focused attention toward emotions, may facilitate engagement in exposures, which may in turn enhance therapeutic outcome. This study utilizes a single-case experimental design (n = 6) to investigate the effect of mindful emotion awareness training on the use of avoidant strategies during exposures, distress during exposures, overall mindfulness, experiential avoidance, and symptom reduction in a sample of participants with social anxiety disorder. Data were analyzed using a combination of visual inspection and quantitative effect size metrics commonly applied in single-case experimental designs. To further investigate the relationship between distress and avoidant strategy use, contemporaneous and cross-lagged correlations were run. Results highlight individual differences in responses to mindful emotion awareness training and exposure exercises.
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