Notes

Osimertinib: A Review throughout Earlier Untreated, EGFR Mutation-Positive, Superior NSCLC.
Natural topical products have been used to enhance wound healing, especially in immunocompromised animals. The aims of this study were to evaluate and to compare the effects of moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) and honey on the healing of full-thickness skin wounds in immunocompromised dogs.

The study was conducted using 12 adults, apparently healthy mongrel dogs. Immunosuppression was induced in six dogs by oral administration of prednisone (2 mg/kg) and azathioprine (2 mg/kg), once a day for 21 days. On each dog, a total of 9, 1.5 cm in diameter full-thickness skin circular wounds were created aseptically in the thoracolumbar area under general anesthesia using customized skin punch biopsy kit. In a random fashion, three wounds in each dog were treatment using MEBO (contains b-sitosterol, baicalin, and berberine as active ingredients in a base of beeswax and sesame oil), honey or no treatment (control), once per day for 21 days. Wounds were grossly evaluated once a day for signs of inflammation or infeey, the wound healing effect of MEBO was superior to that of honey.
is a ubiquitous pathogen causing aspergillosis in poultry. This research aimed to evaluate the clinical and pathological features of aspergillosis infection in broilers.

infection was induced experimentally by intra-air sac inoculation of a 1.7×10
spore suspension into broilers. Infected and non-infected birds were closely observed for the development of clinical signs of infection twice daily. Pathological samples were collected 5, 14, and 30 days post-infection (dpi) and examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining.

A total of 160 birds were included in this study. Clinical signs emerged at 3 dpi and became consistent at 5 dpi. A considerable decrease in severity and number of birds showing infection symptoms followed. The clinical signs of aspergillosis included anorexia (n=40; 50%), lethargy (n=32; 40%), dyspnea (n=38; 48%), and gasping (n=29; 36%). Macroscopic changes in the air sacs at 3 dpi included the development of minor lesions showing cloudiness, slight membrane thickening, and local exudates.tion on the pathogenesis of aspergillosis.
Pregnancy and lactation have an impact on health status of animals and constitute burden on body metabolites and the oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium. This study is aimed at evaluating metabolic and oxidative stress patterns and parity impacts in both primiparous and multiparous dairy cows.

Twenty-seven primiparous and multiparous. Holstein cows were enrolled and categorized into four groups according to their physiologic status Primiparous peripartum heifer (n=5), primiparous postpartum cow (n=9), multiparous peripartum cows (n=5), and multiparous postpartum cows (n=8). Blood sample was taken from each animal - peripartum groups at 3 weeks prepartum and postpartum groups at 3 weeks post-parturition - for complete blood picture, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity, and haptoglobin estimation.

Postpartum primiparous cows showed significant decrease in glucose, total protein, and albumin while showiring transition.
Metabolic and oxidative abnormalities exist in both primiparous and multiparous cows during the transition phase, however postpartum primiparous cows show higher susceptibility to negative energy balance impacts. Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance occurred in both the primiparous and multiparous postpartum cows, highlighting the importance of oxidative stress profiles in the assessment of metabolic health status during transition.
Veterinary health care is an emergent area in animal sciences and innovative therapeutic approaches happen to be imperative in the present days. In view of the importance of cattle health and production, it is necessary to take up contemporary approach of stem cell therapy in this sector also. This study aimed to standardize an explant culture method of bovine umbilical tissue offcut to isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) because considerable efforts are required for ensuring easy accessibility and availability of MSCs in bulk quantity, as well as in establishing and characterizing the cell lines.

The umbilical cord (UC) tissue matrix offcut was collected after calving. A simplified
cell isolation technique was followed to collect the emerged out cells from the explants of UC. Further, we expanded these isolated cells
, observed its growth kinetics, and characterized to confirm as per the criterion of bovine MSCs.

A considerable exponential growth rate of the UC-derived cells was noticed. In addition to their confirmation as MSCs, the cells also exhibited plastic adherent property and maintained the spindle-shaped morphology throughout the
culture. The cultured cells were found positive MSC-specific surface markers CD105, CD90, and CD73 and were negative for hematopoietic cell marker CD45. Cytochemical studies revealed the ability of the cells to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages.

This simplified method of isolation and culture of bovine multipotent MSCs from the UC offcut collected after calving could be extrapolated for the greater availability of the cells for prospective therapeutic applications.
This simplified method of isolation and culture of bovine multipotent MSCs from the UC offcut collected after calving could be extrapolated for the greater availability of the cells for prospective therapeutic applications.
The amino acid content of feed can affect growth performance of poultry during the first 6 weeks of life or the starter phase. Unlike for broiler and layer chickens, there is no information concerning standard requirements for tryptophan and threonine during the starter phase. This study aimed to determine the amount of threonine and tryptophan that should be supplemented in chicken feed to maximize growth performance and small intestinal morphology of native chickens during the starter phase.

A total of 128 day-old native chickens were divided into four treatment groups with four replications based on a completely randomized design. The treatment diets were as follows T
(control feed); T
(T
+0.10% L-tryptophan+0.35% L-threonine); T
(T
+0.17% L-tryptophan+0.68% L-threonine); and T
(T
+0.25% L-tryptophan+1.00% L-threonine).

The feed intake was highest for the T
and T
groups (123.06 and 124.18 g/bird/week, respectively). The T
group had the highest body weight gain (49.35 g/bird/week) and carcass weight (201.44 g/bird) relative to the other groups, while the T
and T
groups showed similar, significant (p<0.05) increases in feed conversion ratio (2.57 and 2.51, respectively) and carcass percentage (60.88 and 60.99%/bird, respectively) compared to the other groups. This study showed villi height, crypt depth, and villi width of duodenum, the highest jejunum and ileum of T3 (1109.00±27.26, 1325.50±75.00, 1229.50±101.68, 225.50±17.52, 236.00±24.81, 219.75±17.25, 192.25±14.41, 191.75±4.79, and 184.75±6.40, respectively) compare to other treatment.

These results indicate that supplementation of feed with 0.17% L-tryptophan and 0.68% L-threonine positively affected the growth performance and small intestinal morphology of native chickens during the starter phase.
These results indicate that supplementation of feed with 0.17% L-tryptophan and 0.68% L-threonine positively affected the growth performance and small intestinal morphology of native chickens during the starter phase.
Saprolegniasis is a fungal disease that infects freshwater fish. The condition is characterized by a cotton-like appearance in the gills and body. This study aimed to isolate
from common carp,
, raised in a floating cage in Wana district, Mosul, Iraq.

Samples were collected from 15 infected fish and examined microbiologically, molecularly, and histopathologically.
DNA was extracted which was amplified using universal primers give a 540 bp DNA fragment, and gill and muscle tissue were also examined for histopathological changes.

Isolated colonies of
were characterized by a circular, white cottony appearance with long hair. Lactophenol staining demonstrated hyphae as branched non-septate, transparent masses. The genomic DNA of isolates was consistent with
spp. The infected tissue samples showed variable pathology in gills. Severe hemorrhage and edema were observed in primary gill filaments with hyperplasia in epithelial cells and infusion in secondary gill filaments. Hyphae of
were seen between necrotic and edematous myofiber with inflammatory cells infiltration.

can cause economic impacts through lethal infection of fish. Clinical signs of
infection were confirmed molecularly and microscopically, and these findings were supported by histopathological lesions in gill and muscle tissues.
Saprolegnia can cause economic impacts through lethal infection of fish. Clinical signs of Saprolegnia infection were confirmed molecularly and microscopically, and these findings were supported by histopathological lesions in gill and muscle tissues.
The present study was conducted to record the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing
from pig population of organized and unorganized farms of Mizoram and to record the presence of ESBLs, non-ESBLs, and integrons.

Fecal samples were collected from pigs under organized (n=40) and unorganized (n=58) farms of Mizoram. Samples were processed for isolation and identification of
by conventional techniques, BD Phoenix™ automated bacterial system, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based confirmatory test. All the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity test by disk diffusion assay and ESBLs production by double-disk synergy test (DDST). The ESBLs producing isolates were subjected to PCR for determination of ESBLs genes and all the isolates were screened for non-ESBLs genes and integrons by PCR.

A total of 258
was isolated and identified from organized (n=120) and unorganized farms (n=138). Majority of the
isolates exhibited high levelor
genes. Altogether 57 (22.09%), 9 (3.49%), 66 (25.58%), 78 (30.23%), 21 (8.14%), and 18 (6.98%) isolates were positive for
,
,
,
,
, and
genes, respectively. The prevalence of non-ESBLs genes was higher in the
isolates from the unorganized farms than organized farms.

MDR and ESBLs producing
are circulating among the pigs and their environment in Mizoram. Pigs under unorganized farms exhibited higher level of resistance against majority of the antimicrobials, including third-generation cephalosporins, which might be an indication of overuse or misuse of antibiotics under the unorganized piggery sectors in Mizoram.
MDR and ESBLs producing E. coli are circulating among the pigs and their environment in Mizoram. Mizagliflozin cost Pigs under unorganized farms exhibited higher level of resistance against majority of the antimicrobials, including third-generation cephalosporins, which might be an indication of overuse or misuse of antibiotics under the unorganized piggery sectors in Mizoram.
Food poisoning caused by
is among the most common gastrointestinal discomfort resulted from egg consumption which can produce various syndromes. The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis investigation on the published studies about the prevalence of
contamination in the consumed eggs in Iran.

The data were collected and analyzed from four international search databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar and four Iranian databases comprising SID, MagIran, Civilica, and IranDoc. After searching all the databases, 303 articles were found, from which 31 articles were included in the final analysis.

According to the data analysis, the highest rate of contamination was belonged to the industrial eggs (7.49%), however, the prevalence rate was reported 13.61% in the eggshell part. The overall prevalence of
contamination in consumed eggs of Iran using culture of microbial, molecular, molecular-serological, culture-molecular, culture-serological, and culture -molecular-serological methods was obtained 11.
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