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-there are structures where the electrons are not truly confined to the space btwn 2 atoms
ex: 2 pictures of a cation where the 2 electrons in the pi bond are btwn 2 atoms (called resonances; imaginary bc the double bonds don't exist & instead the electrons are spread among the 3 atoms); in the real structure, the 2 electrons (as well as the positive charge) are spread over 3 atoms
resonance - imaginary drawings used to represent the same species; in order for a species to have resonances it must have either pi bonds, positive charges, or lone pairs in a continuous, uninterrupted way connected to e/o (continuous chain or in a ring); arises from the concept of delocalized electrons
delocalization - when electrons aren't confined to a specific atom or btwn 2 atoms; spread over more area & multiple atoms
curved arrows /w a tail & head represent electron flow; in resonance, the curved arrow can only start from a lone pair of electrons or a pi bond (cannot start from a single bond); the tail is the source of electrons & the head is where they are going; arrows are used as if electrons are flowing btwn resonance structures, but in reality they are just spread over; point to make pi bonds & lone pairs (resonances are drawings of the same thing so whatever is destroyed must be remade); can only point to the next/adjacent atom or bond
back to ex: insert arrows from pi bonds
ex: an uninterrupted pi bond & lone pair /w negative charge; another resonance can be drawn by using the lone pair to form a pi bond & using the pi bond to form a lone pair /w negative charge
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