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10). Furthermore, during the HDD, there was a significantly lower abundance of the genera Faecalibacterium and Bilophila, and the species Faecalibacteriumprausnitzii, Clostridiumaldenense, Acetivibrioethanolgignens, Bilophilawadsworthia and Lactococcuslactis (pFDR less then 0.10). There were eight subjects who became constipated during the HDD and these subjects all had a lower abundance of F. prausnitzii. This is the first cross-over study in which the effect of an HDD compared to an LDD on the gut microbiome has been studied. An HDD led to a significantly different composition of the gut microbiome, with a particularly lower abundance of F. prausnitzii and a higher abundance of S. thermophilus. Constipation was observed in several subjects during the HDD. Predicted metabolic pathways were not significantly altered due to an HDD.The Economic Botany Data Collection Standard (EBDCS) is a widely used standard among ethnobotanists. However, this standard classifies ethnomedicinal uses into categories based on local peoples' perception. It is difficult to apply in pharmacological research. The International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC), now updated to ICPC-2, is more related to medical terms, but is rarely used among ethnobotanists. This study aims to apply the ICPC-2 to classify metadata of the ethnomedicinal uses of Zingiberaceae plants in Thailand, in order to identify important medicinal taxa for future research. Data on the ethnomedicinal uses of Thai gingers were collected from 62 theses, journal articles, scientific reports and a book, published between 1990 and 2019. Scientific plant names were updated using The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) website. Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) was used to identify the medicinal issues commonly treated with gingers, and the Cultural Importance Index (CI) was used to identify species that might have pharmacological potential. We found records of 76 ginger species with ethnomedicinal uses, and together they had 771 use reports. The gingers were commonly used for treatments related to digestive system conditions, particularly abdominal pain and flatulence. Gingers remain exceedingly important in Thai ethnomedicine, with a high number of useful species. They are used to treat a variety of health conditions, but most commonly such ones that are related to the digestive system. Apart from the popular studied ginger, Curcuma longa, we identified a number of other useful gingers in Thailand.In order to enhance the mechanical performance of three-dimensional (3D) printed structures fabricated via commercially available fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers, novel nanocomposite filaments were produced herein following a melt mixing process, and further 3D printed and characterized. MK571 Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Antimony (Sb) doped Tin Oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles (NPs), hereafter denoted as ATO, were selected as fillers for a polymeric acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic matrix at various weight % (wt%) concentrations. Tensile and flexural test specimens were 3D printed, according to international standards. It was proven that TiO2 filler enhanced the overall tensile strength by 7%, the flexure strength by 12%, and the micro-hardness by 6%, while for the ATO filler, the corresponding values were 9%, 13%, and 6% respectively, compared to unfilled ABS. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the size of TiO2 (40 ± 10 nm) and ATO (52 ± 11 nm) NPs. Raman spectroscopy was performed for the TiO2 and ATO NPs as well as for the 3D printed nanocomposites to verify the polymer structure and the incorporated TiO2 and ATO nanocrystallites in the polymer matrix. The scope of this work was to fabricate novel nanocomposite filaments using commercially available materials with enhanced overall mechanical properties that industry can benefit from.Nursing students have a more negative attitude toward psychiatric practice than other practices. In particular, Korean nursing students experience increased pressure during clinical practice in psychiatric nursing due to sociocultural and institutional influences, such as prejudices, fear, and anxiety towards mental illnesses. This study aimed to conduct an investigation on students' first experiences of clinical practice in psychiatric nursing. Participants were 12 fourth year nursing students in South Korea. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and data analysis was done using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. The students' experiences of clinical practice in psychiatric nursing could be categorized into emotional fluctuation, burnout, transformation, and growth. The results of this study show that nursing students experienced emotional fluctuation and burnout at the beginning of their clinical practice in psychiatric nursing. At the end of the clinical practice, they experienced transformation and growth. The study suggests that nursing instructors and on-site staff need to interact with nursing students to understand the nature of these first experiences and support them through teaching and field guidance.Curcumin (CUR) has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of skin diseases, but its effective transdermal delivery is still a major challenge and stimulates interest in the design of novel systems for CUR dispersion, preservation, and delivery facilitation to the deeper layers of the skin. The present work aimed to investigate the potential of a nanohydrogel, formed by a micellar choline-calix[4]arene amphiphile (CALIX) and CUR, in the treatment of skin diseases through an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis model. Psoriasis plaques are associated with aberrant keratinization, abnormal distribution of tight junctions (TJs) proteins, and enhanced expression of inflammatory markers. The nanohydrogel restored the normal distribution of TJs proteins ZO1 and occludin and reduced the expression of TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) compared to the untreated IMQ group. The novelty lies in the calix[4]arene-based nanohydrogel as a potential new soft material for the topical skin delivery of CUR. The nanohydrogel, due to its physicochemical and mechanical properties, enhances the drug water-solubility, preserves CUR from rapid degradation, and eases the local skin administration and penetration.Since the first cases of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) were diagnosed in China, outcomes associated with this infection in terms of total numbers of cases and deaths have varied widely between countries. While some countries had minimal rates of infections and deaths, other countries were hit hard by the pandemic. Countries with highest numbers of cases continued to change over time, but at the time of submission of this article they are USA, Brazil, Russia, UK, India, Spain, Italy, Peru and Chile. This is in contrary to many countries in the Middle East, Far East, and Africa, which had lower cases or deaths/cases rates. This raised many questions pertaining to this variation. This overview explores the potential factors that contribute to spread, transmission and outcomes of the COVID-19 infection. It also uses an evidence-based approach in reviewing the available most recent literature that tackled the various factors that modify the populations' response to COVID-19, namely, factors pertaining to population characteristics, environmental and geographic factors.Due to the beneficial properties of silver, it is anticipated that the number of commercially available applications will keep growing during the next decade. In this study, 14 different commercial products that claim to contain solid silver were characterized by visual analysis, UV-VIS spectroscopy, inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDX), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Moreover the variation between production batches-which has never been researched before-was investigated. All four techniques corroborated that some products were highly concentrated and contained spherically-shaped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), while in others, no (solid) silver was detected or only irregularly-shaped silver particles with a high size polydispersity were present. For almost all products, a significant difference between the claimed and measured silver concentration was detected and a high variability between different production batches of the same product was observed. Our results show the need for a more rigorous approach regarding the manufacturing, labeling, and use of silver-containing products.Industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) are a key technology for smart manufacturing. To identify the performance bottlenecks in an IWSN before its real-world deployment, the IWSN must first be evaluated through simulations using an error model which accurately characterizes the wireless links in the industrial scenario within which it will be deployed. However, the traditional error models used in most IWSN simulators are not derived from the real traces observed in industrial environments. Accordingly, this study first measured the transmission quality of IEEE 802.15.4 in a one-day experiment in a manufacturing factory and then used the measurement records to construct a second-order Markov frame-level error model for simulating the performance of an IWSN. The proposed model was incorporated into the simulator of OpenWSN, which is an industrial WSN implementing the related IEEE and IETF standards. The simulation results showed that the proposed error model improved the accuracy of the estimated transmission reliability by up to 12% compared to the original error model. Moreover, the estimation accuracy improved with increasing burst losses.Smart meters are of the basic elements in the so-called Smart Grid. These devices, connected to the Internet, keep bidirectional communication with other devices in the Smart Grid structure to allow remote readings and maintenance. As any other device connected to a network, smart meters become vulnerable to attacks with different purposes, like stealing data or altering readings. Nowadays, it is becoming more and more popular to buy and plug-and-play smart meters, additionally to those installed by the energy providers, to directly monitor the energy consumption at home. This option inherently entails security risks that are under the responsibility of householders. In this paper, we focus on an open solution based on Smartpi 2.0 devices with two purposes. On the one hand, we propose a network configuration and different data flows to exchange data (energy readings) in the home. These flows are designed to support collaborative among the devices in order to prevent external attacks and attempts of corrupting the data. On the other hand, we check the vulnerability by performing two kind of attacks (denial of service and stealing and changing data by using a malware). We conclude that, as expected, these devices are vulnerable to these attacks, but we provide mechanisms to detect both of them and to solve, by applying cooperation techniques.Methods in sunfleck research commonly employ the use of experimental leaves which were constructed in homogeneous light. These experimental organs may behave unnaturally when they are challenged with fluctuating light. Photosynthetic responses to heterogeneous light and leaf macronutrient relations were determined for Cycas micronesica, Glycine max, and Zea mays leaves that were grown in homogeneous shade, heterogeneous shade, or full sun. The speed of priming where one light fleck increased the photosynthesis during a subsequent light fleck was greatest for the leaves grown in heterogeneous shade. The rate of induction and the ultimate steady-state photosynthesis were greater for the leaves that were grown in heterogeneous shade versus the leaves grown in homogeneous shade. The leaf mass per area, macronutrient concentration, and macronutrient stoichiometry were also influenced by the shade treatments. The amplitude and direction in which the three developmental light treatments influenced the response variables were not universal among the three model species.
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