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CONCLUSION Our observations indicate that the underestimation of time may occur in patients with Tourette's syndrome who receive antipsychotic drugs with high DA D2 receptor blocking potency. This may support the concept that the estimation of time is influenced by DA activity. © 2020 The Authors. Neuropsychopharmacology Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of the Japanese Society of NeuropsychoPharmacology.The release of metal ions may play an important role in toxicity of metal-based nanoparticles. In this report, a life cycle study is carried out in a greenhouse, to compare the effects of ceria nanoparticles (NPs) and Ce3+ ions at 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg Ce kg-1 on plant growth, biological and physiological parameters, and nutritional value of soil-grown common bean plants. Ceria NPs have a tendency to negatively affect photosynthesis, but the effect is not statistically significant. Ce3+ ionic treatments at 50, 100, and 200 mg Ce kg-1 result in increases of 1.25-, 0.66-, and 1.20-fold in stomatal conductance, respectively, relative to control plants. Both ceria NPs and Ce3+ ions disturb the homeostasis of antioxidant defense system in the plants, but only 200 mg Ce kg-1 ceria NPs significantly induce lipid peroxidation in the roots. Ceria NP treatments tend to reduced fresh weight and to increase mineral contents of the green pods, but have no effect on the organic nutrient contents. On the contrary, Ce3+ ion treatments modify the organic compositions and thus alter the nutritional quality and flavor of the green pods. These results suggest that the two Ce forms may have different mechanisms on common bean plants. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The development of a powerful immunoassay platform with capacities of both simplicity and high multiplexing is promising for disease diagnosis. To meet this urgent need, for the first time, a multiplexed luminescent oxygen channeling immunoassay (multi-LOCI) platform by implementation of LOCI with suspension array technology is reported. As the microcarrier of the platform, a unique dual-functional barcode with a host-guest structure composed of a quantum dot host bead (QDH) and LOCI acceptor beads (ABs) is designed, in which QDH provides function of high coding capacity while ABs facilitate the LOCI function. The analytes bridge QDH@ABs and LOCI donor beads (DBs) into a close proximity, forming a QDH@ABs-DBs "host-guest-satellite" superstructure that generates both barcode signal from QDH and LOCI signal induced by singlet oxygen channeling between ABs and DBs. Through imaging-based decoding, different barcodes are automatically distinguished and colocalized with LOCI signals. Importantly, the assay achieves simultaneous detection of multiple analytes within one reaction, simply by following a "mix-and-measure" protocol without the need for tedious washing steps. Furthermore, the multi-LOCI platform is validated for real sample measurements. With the advantages of robustness, simplicity, and high multiplexing, the platform holds great potential for the development of point-of-care diagnostics. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.INTRODUCTION Despite high injury incidence rates in gymnastics, there is a paucity of data characterizing upper extremity injury causation and biomechanical risk factors. This study investigated contact forces across multiple joints in both upper extremities during a round-off back handspring (ROBHS), a fundamental gymnastics tumbling maneuver. OBJECTIVE 1) To characterize the 3-D biomechanics of the sequential, asynchronous contact of each upper extremity with the ground during a ROBHS using 3D motion capture, and 2) to evaluate potential correlations to upper extremity injury risk. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study SETTING Controlled laboratory environment PARTICIPANTS Fourteen competitive female gymnasts aged 10-21 years (mean age 16.6±3.1 yrs) 1) participating on a competitive gymnastics team, 2) capable of successfully completing a ROBHS, and 3) free of reported injury at enrollment. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Variables evaluated include joint angle, torque, compression fpatients to return to gymnastics activity after injury. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND & AIMS Human TFB2M (mitochondrial transcription factor B2) is a key regulator of mitochondria transcription. Our bioinformatic analysis based on the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data revealed an aberrant over-expression of TFB2M in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the functional roles of TFB2M in tumorigenesis remains unexplored, including HCC. METHODS The expression and clinical significance of TFB2M were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. The biological effects and underlying mechanisms of TFB2M in HCC were determined by cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion assays. RESULTS TFB2M was commonly up-regulated in HCC mainly due to the down-regulation of miR101-3p, which significantly correlated with poor survival of HCC patients. Functional experiments revealed that TFB2M significantly promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while inhibited apoptosis in vitro and promoted xenograft tumorigenesis and lung metastasis in nude mice models in vivo. Mechanistically, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently activated Akt/NF-κB signaling was found to be involved in the promotion of growth and metastasis by TFB2M in HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS these findings suggest that TFB2M plays a pivotal oncogenic role in HCC cells through activating ROS-Akt-NF-κB signaling pathway. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.INTRODUCTION In stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of solitary liver cancer, organ motion due to respiration is an important factor in the definition of planning target volume (PTV). This study evaluated the potential associations of target motion with gross tumour volume (GTV) size, tumour location, Child-Pugh score and intra-fraction treatment time in SBRT of liver cancer treated by CyberKnife. METHODS Translational motion data of 145 liver cancer patients, who were previously treated by CyberKnife with free breathing under tumour tracking, were recorded in the log files of the motion tracking system and analysed. The factors including target location based on liver segments, Child-Pugh score which was an indication of liver cirrhosis, GTV size and intra-fraction treatment time were recorded and their associations with the magnitude of target movement were evaluated. RESULTS Target location demonstrated significant association with the translational target motion in the supero-inferior (SI) and left-right (LR) directions but less in antero-posterior (AP) direction. Tumours located at the peripheral segments were more affected than the central segments. Child-Pugh score and GTV size were not significantly associated with target motion in any direction. Longer intra-fraction treatment time generally increased target motion in the SI and LR directions. CONCLUSION In SBRT of liver cancer, the target motions in SI and LR directions were correlated with the location of target and treatment time, but not with Child-Pugh score and GTV size. These results should assist in deciding the GTV-PTV margin in SBRT treatment planning for solitary liver cancer. © 2020 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists.OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of adjunct ketamine treatment on chronic treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients with treatment-resistant depressive symptoms (CTRS-TRD patients), including alterations in brain function. METHODS Intravenous ketamine (0.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered to CTRS-TRD patients over a 1-hr period on days 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, and 25 of our initial pilot study. This treatment method was subsequently repeated 58 days after the start of the pilot study for a secondary follow-up study. Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and regional homogeneity (ReHo) results were used to assess treatment effects and alterations in brain function throughout the entire duration of our studies. RESULTS Between day 7 and day 14 of the first treatment, CDSS scores were reduced by 63.8% and PANSS scores were reduced by 30.04%. selleck chemicals llc In addition, ReHo values increased in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. link2 However, by day 21, depressive symptoms relapsed. During the second treatment period, CDSS and PANSS scores exhibited no significant differences compared to baseline between day 58 and day 86. On day 65, ReHo values were higher in the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes. However, on day 79, the increase in ReHo values completely disappeared. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms in CTRS-TRD patients were alleviated with adjunct ketamine treatment for only 1 week during the first treatment period. Moreover, after 1 month, the antidepressant effects of ketamine on CTRS-TRD patients completely disappeared. Correspondingly, ReHo alterations induced by ketamine in the CTRS-TRD patients were not maintained for more than 3 weeks. These pilot findings indicate that adjunct ketamine treatment is not satisfactory for CTRS-TRD patients. © 2020 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The present study reviewed the relevant recent literature regarding the development and application of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF), with a particular focus on its application and associated complications. The study evaluated the rationality of this technique and demonstrated the direction of future research by collecting data on previous operative outcomes and complications. A literature search was performed in Pubmed and Web of Science, including the following keywords and abbreviations anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), direct lateral interbody fusion (DLIF), extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF), oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF), adjacent segment disease (ASD), and adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS). A search of literature published from January 2005 to January 2019 was conducted and all studies evaluating development and application of OLIF were included in the review. According to the literature, the indications for OLIF are various. OLIF has excellent orthopaedic effects in degenerative scoliosis patients and the incidence of bony fusion is higher than for other approaches. It also provides a better choice for revision surgery. It has various advantages in many aspects, but the complications cannot be ignored. As a new minimally invasive technique, the advantages of OLIF are obvious, but further evaluation is needed to compare its operation-related data with that of traditional open surgery. In addition, more prospective studies are required to compare minimally invasive and open spinal surgery to confirm its specific efficacy, risk, advantages, learning curve, and ultimate clinical efficacy. link3 © 2020 The Authors. Orthopaedic Surgery published by Chinese Orthopaedic Association and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
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