Notes

Coupling the particular high-resolution LC-MS characterisation in the phenolic materials together with the anti-microbial and antibiofilm qualities of helencha (Enydra fluctuans Lour.).
How do members of extremist groups think about violence conducted by individual members on the group's behalf? We examine the link between extremism-motivated violence and extremist groups through a case study of misogynist incels, a primarily online community of men who lament their lack of sexual success with women. To learn how misogynist incels talk about mass violence committed by members of their group, we conduct a qualitative content analysis of 3,658 comments relating to the 2018 Toronto van attack, in which self-declared incel Alek Minassian drove a van into pedestrians, killing 10 and injuring 16. We find overwhelming support among self-proclaimed incels for the attack and violence more generally. Incels viewed mass violence as instrumental, serving the following four main purposes garnering increased attention, exacting revenge, reinforcing masculinity, and generating political change. Our findings indicate the need to examine misogynist incels as a potential terrorist group and male supremacism as a basis for terrorism.The SLCO1B1 genotype is known to influence patient adherence to statin therapy, in part by increasing the risk for statin-associated musculoskeletal symptoms (SAMSs). The SLCO1B1*5 allele has previously been associated with simvastatin discontinuation and SAMSs. Prior analyses of the relationship between SLCO1B1*5 and atorvastatin muscle side effects have been inconclusive due to insufficient power. We now quantify the impact of SLCO1B1*5 on atorvastatin discontinuation and SAMSs in a large observational cohort using electronic medical record data from a single health care system. In our study cohort (n = 1,627 patients exposed to atorvastatin during the course of routine clinical care), 56% (n = 912 of 1,627 patients) discontinued atorvastatin and 18% (n = 303 of 1,627 patients) developed SAMSs. A univariate model revealed that SLCO1B1*5 increased the likelihood that patients would stop atorvastatin during routine care (odds ratio 1.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-1.5; P = 0.04). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model further demonstrated that this same variant was associated with time to atorvastatin discontinuation (hazard ratio 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.4; P = 0.004). Epinephrinebitartrate Additional time-to-event analyses also revealed that SCLO1B1*5 was associated with SAMSs (hazard ratio 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7; P = 0.02). Atorvastatin discontinuation was associated with SAMSs (odds ratio 1.67; P = 0.0001) in our cohort.The restricted mean survival time (RMST) evaluates the expectation of survival time truncated by a prespecified time point, because the mean survival time in the presence of censoring is typically not estimable. The frequentist inference procedure for RMST has been widely advocated for comparison of two survival curves, while research from the Bayesian perspective is rather limited. For the RMST of both right- and interval-censored data, we propose Bayesian nonparametric estimation and inference procedures. By assigning a mixture of Dirichlet processes (MDP) prior to the distribution function, we can estimate the posterior distribution of RMST. We also explore another Bayesian nonparametric approach using the Dirichlet process mixture model and make comparisons with the frequentist nonparametric method. Simulation studies demonstrate that the Bayesian nonparametric RMST under diffuse MDP priors leads to robust estimation and under informative priors it can incorporate prior knowledge into the nonparametric estimator. Analysis of real trial examples demonstrates the flexibility and interpretability of the Bayesian nonparametric RMST for both right- and interval-censored data.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Estimates of the economic burden associated with PD vary widely across existing studies due to differences in setting and study design. The prevalence and cost of care for PD in Luxembourg are currently unknown.

The aims of this study were to estimate (1) the prevalence of PD in Luxembourg and (2) the cost of care for PD to the national healthcare insurance based on routinely collected healthcare data.

This analysis was based on individual patient-level data collected by the national healthcare insurance in Luxembourg during 2007-2017, which covers over 95% of the resident population. People with PD were identified based on drug reimbursement profiles. Cost of care was estimated according to a comparative analysis of the healthcare resources consumed by people with PD compared with an age- and sex-matched control group.

We determined a PD prevalence of 928 per 100,000 individuals aged 50 years and older in 2016,higher in men (1032 per 100,000) than in women (831 per 100,000). The total mean cost of care for PD was estimated at €22,673 per patient per year in 2016, with the highest costs being associated with long-term care (69%).

This was the first attempt to estimate the prevalence and cost of care of PD in Luxembourg. The work demonstrated the usefulness of routinely collected data in Luxembourg for such analyses. Our study confirms the significant burden of PD to the healthcare system, especially on long-term care.
This was the first attempt to estimate the prevalence and cost of care of PD in Luxembourg. The work demonstrated the usefulness of routinely collected data in Luxembourg for such analyses. Our study confirms the significant burden of PD to the healthcare system, especially on long-term care.
An orally disintegrating film (ODF) formulation of vitamin D3 that dissolves rapidly in the mouth without drinking or chewing may be a worthwhile alternative to currently available drug products for therapeutic vitamin D supplementation. This study aimed to compare the bioavailability of a single dose of a vitamin D3 25000 I.U. ODF with those of a marketed oral vitamin D3 preparation in healthy subjects.

This Phase 1, randomised, parallel-group, open-label study compared the pharmacokinetics of calcifediol [25(OH)D3], the precursor of bioactive vitamin D3, after a single dose of a new vitamin D3 25,000 I.U. ODF with those of a Reference formulation (vitamin D3 25000 I.U./2.5 mL oral solution) in healthy adult subjects using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay. The primary objective was bioavailability under fed conditions, defined as maximum plasma concentration (C
) of 25(OH)D3 and area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to time t,the last quantifia % CIs of the Test
/Reference
ratios of the geometric means showed that the bioavailability of exogenous 25(OH)D3 was, both in rate and extent of absorption, slightly higher with the vitamin D3 ODF than the vitamin D3 oral solution under the administration conditions recommended for the vitamin D3 oral solution. Palatability and ease of use of the ODF were satisfactory.

The new ODF 25000 I.U. formulation provided a valuable alternative to the marketed oral solution for therapeutic vitamin D supplementation, with a bioavailability that was slightly higher than that of the vitamin D3 oral solution administered under the same conditions.

The study was retrospectivelyregistered with the ISRCTN Registry (Registry code ISRCTN13208948) on 27 November 2020.
The study was retrospectively registered with the ISRCTN Registry (Registry code ISRCTN13208948) on 27 November 2020.
To investigate the relationship between coronal deformity angular ratio (C-DAR) and in-brace correction (IBC) and their role in predicting the long-term bracing outcome in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

In this retrospective multicenter study, the patient's sex, age, primary curve Cobb angle (at initiation of brace treatment, best in-brace, before spinal fusion, and final follow-up), curve pattern, duration of brace treatment, brace type, and C-DAR at initiation of bracing were recorded. The C-DAR values were classified as < 5, 5 ≤ to ≤ 6, and > 6. The IBC values were classified as ≥ 50%, 40% ≤ to ≤ 49%, and < 40%. We classified the patients into two groups of success and failure according to the Cobb angle at the final follow-up.

A total of 164 patients (25 boys and 119 girls) were included. Bracing was successful in 60.4% of them. There was a significant association between C-DAR and bracing outcome (p < 0.0001). 63.9% of the patients with C-DAR < 5 had an IBC ≥ 50%. However, when C-DAR was 5 ≤ to ≤ 6 and > 6, 29.2% and 16.9% of the patients had an IBC of ≥ 50%, respectively. For patients with IBC ≥ 50%, the success rate of bracing was 89.2%. Results of logistic regression analysis revealed that the strongest predictor for brace treatment outcome was the C-DAR, with an odds ratio of 2.11.

C-DAR may be used as a predictive factor for the long-term outcome of brace treatment in AIS.

IV.
IV.Self-gripping mesh is widely used in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair and some researches report its advantages compared with conventional mesh. The aim of this study was to assess outcomes of self-gripping mesh and conventional mesh in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. A systematic literature review was undertaken to identify studies comparing the results of self-gripping mesh and conventional mesh in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Outcomes, including recurrence, chronic pain, operation time, hematoma, seroma and infection, were measured. Four randomized controlled trials and 1 prospective comparative study were analyzed. The incidence of chronic pain in self-gripping group was significantly lower than that in conventional group (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20, 0.93, P = 0.03), and there was no significant difference in hernia recurrence (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.03, 3.06, P = 0.32), operation time (MD 0.06, 95%CI - 2.32, 2.44, P = 0.96), hematoma (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.33, 3.07, P = 0.99) and seroma (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.49, 1.66, P = 0.73). Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair using self-gripping mesh is associated with a decreased incidence of chronic pain compared with conventional mesh, without increased postoperative complications.
The therapeutic effect of chemical lumbar sympathectomy (CLS) on ischemic diseases of the lower limbs varies greatly among individuals. The time to peak (TTP) response in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can reflect the perfusion disorder of the calf skeletal muscle and the collateral circulation. In this study we evaluated the predictive value of CEUS in patients treated with CLS for end-stage atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremity (ASO-LE).

This was a prospective study that included patients with end-stage ASO-LE and moderate to severe pain who had undergone a CEUS examination and CLS procedure and who were observed for 12months after surgery. The patients' characteristics and prognostic factors, including lower limb pain score, skin temperature, walking distance, and ulcer and gangrene healing, were recorded.

Fifty-eight patients with a mean age of 66.24 (range 58-78) years were included in the study, of whom 42 (71.41%) were men. Following the CLS procedure, the numerical rating scale (NRS)-measured pain decreased significantly, and the skin temperature of the affected limb increased significantly (P < 0.
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