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Individual along with seasons alternative within the movements habits involving 2 exotic nectarivorous birds.
Asymmetric desymmetrization of 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexadienones via a chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed enantioselective intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction is developed.
This study aimed to evaluate the microshear bond strength (μSBS) values of adhesive systems to occlusal and proximal dentin submitted to water storage aging.

Occlusal and proximal dentin surfaces were obtained from 90 molars, polished with 600-grit SiC and divided according to the type of adhesive system one total-etch and two self-etch. Starch tubing was used to perform 1 mm
cylindrical composite resin restorations. DIRECT RED 80 The specimens were aged in distilled water during different storage times 24 hours, 3 months, and 6 months (n = 10). The specimens were submitted to μSBS test. The μSBS values in MPa were subject to three-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (p < 0.05).

There was no statistical difference in the μSBS values among the storage times (p = 0.72); however, the dentin region (p < 0.01) and the adhesive system (p < 0.01) significantly affected the μSBS. The proximal surface (14.7 ± 3.3 MPa) presented higher μSBS values than the occlusal dentin (10.9 ± 4.1 MPa). The all-in-one adhesive system (GB) achieved the highest μSBS mean (17.0 ± 1.7 MPa).

Both material and dentin surface factors affected the composite-dentin bond strength; however, the water storage did not influence bonding effectiveness over time.
Both material and dentin surface factors affected the composite-dentin bond strength; however, the water storage did not influence bonding effectiveness over time.Stimulation of the left vagus nerve is a novel antidepressive therapy that relies upon the vagal projections to the brain stem to modulate brain circuits involved in mood regulation. There is cumulative evidence from prospective and long-term studies that has demonstrated tolerability and effectiveness of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in major depressive episodes (MDE). VNS in MDE has the following advantages symptomatic response (defined as at least a 50% improvement in MDE severity) occurs in at least 15-17% of patients after 10 weeks of VNS treatment and in at least 22-37% of patients after 12 months of VNS treatment, remissions are observed in at least 15-17% of patients after 12 months of treatment, there is a sustained response in 13-27% of patients during 12 months of VNS, and successful maintenance of the initial improvement is observed in a high percentage of patients (73-77% of patients who had meaningful or greater benefit after 3 months of treatment maintained at least meaningful benefit after 12 Finally, VNS has high treatment compliance because VNS therapy is programmed to work automatically without the need for action on the patient's part (no pills to swallow).We present a technique for using calibrated weights to incorporate whole-cohort information in the analysis of a countermatched sample. Following Samuelsen's approach for matched case-control sampling, we derive expressions for the marginal sampling probabilities, so that the data can be treated as an unequally-sampled case-cohort design. Pseudolikelihood estimating equations are used to find the estimates. The sampling weights can be calibrated, allowing all whole-cohort variables to be used in estimation; in contrast, the partial likelihood analysis makes use only of a single discrete surrogate for exposure. Using a survey-sampling approach rather than a martingale approach simplifies the theory; in particular, the sampling weights need not be a predictable process. Our simulation results show that pseudolikelihood estimation gives lower efficiency than partial likelihood estimation, but that the gain from calibration of weights can more than compensate for this loss. If there is a good surrogate for exposure, countermatched sampling still outperforms case-cohort and two-phase case-control sampling even when calibrated weights are used. Findings are illustrated with data from the National Wilms' Tumour Study and the Welsh nickel refinery workers study.The volatility of the compounds comprising organic aerosol (OA) determines their distribution between the gas and particle phases. However, there is a disconnect between volatility distributions as typically derived from secondary OA (SOA) growth experiments and the effective particle volatility as probed in evaporation experiments. Specifically, the evaporation experiments indicate an overall much less volatile SOA. This raises questions regarding the use of traditional volatility distributions in the simulation and prediction of atmospheric SOA concentrations. Here, we present results from measurements of thermally induced evaporation of SOA for nine different SOA types (i.e., distinct volatile organic compound and oxidant pairs) encompassing both anthropogenic and biogenic compounds and O3 and OH to examine the extent to which the low effective volatility of SOA is a general phenomenon or specific to a subset of SOA types. The observed extents of evaporation with temperature were similar for all the SOA types and indicative of a low effective volatility. Furthermore, minimal variations in the composition of all the SOA types upon heating-induced evaporation were observed. These results suggest that oligomer decomposition likely plays a major role in controlling SOA evaporation, and since the SOA formation time scale in these measurements was less than a minute, the oligomer-forming reactions must be similarly rapid. Overall, these results emphasize the importance of accounting for the role of condensed phase reactions in altering the composition of SOA when assessing particle volatility.Silver nanowires (Ag-NW) assembled in interdigitated webs have shown an applicative potential as transparent and conducting electrodes. However, upon integration in practical device designs, the presence of silver oxide, which instantaneously forms on the Ag-NW surfaces in ambient conditions, is unwanted. Here, we report on the functionalization of Ag-NWs with 4-nitrophenyl moieties through A-C bonds using a versatile two step reduction process, i.e., ascorbate reduction combined electrografting. We show that 40% of the Ag atop sites were terminated and provide high surface stability toward oxidation for more than 2 months while keeping the same intrinsic conductivity as in bulk silver.The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of land- vs. aquatic based plyometric training programs on the drop jump, repeated jump performance and muscle damage. Sixty-five male students were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups aquatic plyometric training group (APT), plyometric training group (PT) and control group (CG). Both experimental groups trained twice a week for 10 weeks performing the same number of sets and total jumps. The following variables were measured prior to, halfway through and after the training programs creatine kinase (CK) concentration, maximal height during a drop jump from the height of 30 (DJ30) and 50 cm (DJ50), and mean height during a repeated vertical jump test (RJ). The training program resulted in a significant increase (P less then 0.01-0.001) in RJ, DJ30, and DJ50 for PT, whereas neither APT nor CG reached any significant improvement APT showed likely/possibly improvements on DJ30 and DJ50, respectively. Greater intra-group Effect Size in CK was found for PT when compared to APT. In conclusion, although APT seems to be a safe alternative method for reducing the stress produced on the musculoskeletal system by plyometric training, PT produced greater gains on reactive jumps performance than APT.The aim of the present study was to examine the validity and reliability of metabolic power (P) estimated from locomotor demands during soccer-specific drills. 14 highly-trained soccer players performed a soccer-specific circuit with the ball (3×1-min bouts, interspersed with 30-s passive recovery) on 2 different occasions. Locomotor activity was monitored with 4-Hz GPSs, while oxygen update (VO2) was collected with a portable gas analyzer. P was calculated using either net VO2 responses and traditional calorimetry principles (PVO2, W.kg(-1)) or locomotor demands (PGPS, W.kg(-1)). Distance covered into different speed, acceleration and P zones was recorded. While PGPS was 29±10% lower than PVO2 (d20 W.kg(-1) questions its value for monitoring purposes in soccer.In this paper, we propose an adversary model to facilitate forensic investigations of mobile devices (e.g. Android, iOS and Windows smartphones) that can be readily adapted to the latest mobile device technologies. This is essential given the ongoing and rapidly changing nature of mobile device technologies. An integral principle and significant constraint upon forensic practitioners is that of forensic soundness. Our adversary model specifically considers and integrates the constraints of forensic soundness on the adversary, in our case, a forensic practitioner. One construction of the adversary model is an evidence collection and analysis methodology for Android devices. Using the methodology with six popular cloud apps, we were successful in extracting various information of forensic interest in both the external and internal storage of the mobile device.Colloidal suspensions of monodisperse platinum nanoparticles of 2 nm diameter have been used to catalyze the hydrosilylation of 1-octene with a polymethylhydrosiloxane. The nanoparticles were found to be as efficient as Karstedt's complex, showing that colloid formation from homogeneous species during hydrosilylation reactions is not necessarily a deactivation pathway. These results also reactivated the debate on whether Karstedt's complex was truly homogeneous or colloidal during catalysis.Wide use of platinum-based chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment for carcinoma calls for a simple and selective detection of platinum compound in biological samples. On the basis of the platinum(II)-base pair coordination, a novel type of aptameric platform for platinum detection has been introduced. This chemiluminescence (CL) aptasensor consists of a designed streptavidin (SA) aptamer sequence in which several base pairs were replaced by G-G mismatches. Only in the presence of platinum, coordination occurs between the platinum and G-G base pairs as opposed to the hydrogen-bonded G-C base pairs, which leads to SA aptamer sequence activation, resulting in their binding to SA coated magnetic beads. These Pt-DNA coordination events were monitored by a simple and direct luminol-peroxide CL reaction through horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalysis with a strong chemiluminescence emission. The validated ranges of quantification were 0.12-240 μM with a limit of detection of 60 nM and selectivity over other metal ions. This assay was also successfully used in urine sample determination. It will be a promising candidate for the detection of platinum in biomedical and environmental samples.4-(4-Nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) is a colorimetric indicator compound for many types of carcinogenic alkylating agents. Because of the similar reactivity of NBP and guanine in DNA, NBP serves as a DNA model. NBP assays are used in the toxicological screening of pharmaceutical compounds, detection of chemical warfare agents, environmental hygiene technology, preliminary toxicology tests, mutagenicity of medicinal compounds, and other chemical analyses. Nevertheless, the use of NBP as a DNA model suffers from the compound's low water solubility, its lack of reactive oxygen sites, and dissimilar steric encumbrance compared to DNA. We report herein the design and synthesis of NBP derivatives that address some of these issues. These derivatives have been tested in solution and found to be superior in the colorimetric assay of the alkylating anticancer drug cyclophosphamide. The derivatives have also been integrated into a polymeric silica material which changes color upon the exposure to dangerous alkylating agents, such as iodomethane vapor, without the need for an exogenous base.
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