Notes

Making use of Molecular Image to improve Decisions from the Treating Pituitary Adenomas.
The canonical model for hereditary cancer predisposition is a cancer predisposition gene (CPG) that drives either one or both of two fundamental hallmarks of cancer, defective genomic integrity and deregulated cell proliferation, ultimately resulting in the accumulation of mutations within cells. Thus, the genes most commonly associated with cancer-predisposing genetic syndromes are tumor suppressor genes that regulate DNA repair (eg, BRCA1, BRCA2, MMR genes) and/or cell cycle (eg, APC, RB1). In recent years, however, the spectrum of high-penetrance CPGs has expanded considerably to include genes in non-canonical pathways such as oncogenic signaling, metabolism, and protein translation. We propose here that, given the variety of pathways that may ultimately affect genome integrity and cell proliferation, the model of cancer genetic predisposition needs to be expanded to account for diverse mechanisms. This synthesis calls for modeling and multi-omic studies applying novel experimental and computational approaches to understand cancer genetic predisposition.
Suicide is a worldwide public health issue and considered as a psychiatric emergency. The majority of all completed suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. A diagnosis of cancer has been associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation and suicide is one of the leading causes of non-cancer-related mortality among cancer patients in recent years. Relacorilant manufacturer Suicidal ideation is four times higher in cancer patients than in the general population. There is limited evidence on suicidal ideation on patients diagnosed with cancer in Ethiopia as well as in African countries.

To assess the magnitude and associated factors of suicide ideation among cancer patients at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia, 2019.

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to 30, 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used and a total of 410 of cancer patients participated in the study. Data were collected using the Suicide Manual of Composite International Diagnostic Inroblems.
The magnitude of suicidal ideation among cancer patients was higher than in the general population. It also reported that, advanced stage, perceived stigma, anxiety and being female were factors significantly associated with suicidal ideation. This study gives us clues that cancer patients are prone to suicide ideation. Therefore, cancer patients need special attention to reduce these problems.
A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) especially in patients suffering from cancer. We analyzed the incidence, risk factors, and patterns of PICC-related VTE in cancer patients.

Patients with cancer who underwent PICC placement were evaluated retrospectively. Routine, prospective ultrasound post-PICC placement was used for asymptomatic and symptomatic patients to identify VTE. Multivariable logistic regression models with odds ratios (ORs) were used to examine VTE risk factors.

Of 2353 PICCs placed, 165 patients (7.01%) developed PICC-related VTE with a median thrombosis time of 12 days. After adjustment of multivariable analysis, patients with PICC-related VTE were more likely to have a ratio of PICC diametervein diameter >0.35 (adjusted OR, 1.689; 95% CI, 1.023-2.789) and high level of triglycerides (1.561; 1.096-2.223). The prevalence of A (adjusted OR, 1.680; 95% CI, 1.009-2.798), B (1.835; 1.137-2.961), and AB (3.275; 1.840-5.829) blood group was significantly higher than that of the O blood group in VTE patients. Venous recanalization was observed in 44.8% (74/165) patients after anticoagulation therapy, and more often in patients with combined deep VTE than in patients with isolated superficial VTE (OR, 17.942; 95% CI, 5.427-59.316). The recanalization time was 20±5 (range, 10-31) days.

The non-O blood group, larger ratio of PICC diametervein diameter, and high level of triglycerides were significantly associated with PICC-related VTE. Almost half of cases of PICC-related deep VTE could be reversed by anticoagulation treatment.
The non-O blood group, larger ratio of PICC diametervein diameter, and high level of triglycerides were significantly associated with PICC-related VTE. Almost half of cases of PICC-related deep VTE could be reversed by anticoagulation treatment.Complete tumor response can be achieved in a certain proportion of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, who achieve maximal response to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). For these patients, a watch-and-wait (WW) or nonsurgical strategy has been proposed and is becoming widely practiced in order to avoid unnecessary surgical complications. Therefore, a non-invasive, reliable diagnostic tool for accurately evaluating complete tumor response is needed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a crucial role in both primary staging and restaging tumor response to NAT in rectal cancer without relying on resected specimen. In recent years, numerous efforts have been made to research the value of MRI in predicting and evaluating complete response in rectal cancer. Current MRI evaluation is mainly based on morphological and functional images. Morphologic MRI yields high soft tissue resolution, multiplanar images, and provides detailed depictions of rectal cancer and its surrounding structures. Functional MRI may help to distinguish residual tumor from fibrosis, therefore improving the diagnostic performance of morphologic MRI in identifying complete tumor response. Both morphologic and functional MRI have several promising parameters that may help accurately evaluate and/or predict complete response of rectal cancer. However, these parameters still have limitations and the results remain inconsistent. Recent development of new techniques, such as textural analysis, radiomics analysis and deep learning, demonstrate great potential based on MRI-derived parameters. This article aimed to review and help better understand the strengths, limitations, and future trends of these MRI-derived methods in evaluating complete response in rectal cancer.
It has been reported that circFAT1 plays opposite roles in gastric cancer and osteosarcoma. This study aimed to explore the involvement of circFAT1 in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Paired CRC and non-tumor tissues from 64 CRC patients were subjected to RNA preparations and RT-qPCRs to determine the expression of circFAT1, premature miR-10a, and mature miR-10a. In CRC cells, the effects of circFAT1 overexpression on miR-10a maturation were analyzed by determining the expression of both premature miR-10a and mature miR-10a using RT-qPCRs. The role of circFAT1 and miR-10a in regulating the proliferation, invasion, and migration of CRC cells was analyzed by BrdU and Transwell assays, respectively.

We found that circFAT1 was upregulated in CRC. Mature miR-10a, but not premature miR-10a, was overexpressed in CRC and positively correlated with circFAT1. CircFAT1 overexpression increased the expression of mature miR-10a, but not premature miR-10a. Overexpression of circFAT1 and miR-10a increased cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and miR-10a inhibitor suppressed cell behaviors and reversed the effects of circFAT1 overexpression.

circFAT1 is overexpressed in CRC and may suppress CRC cell proliferation, invasion and migration by increasing miR-10a maturation.
circFAT1 is overexpressed in CRC and may suppress CRC cell proliferation, invasion and migration by increasing miR-10a maturation.
A growing interest exists in identifying reliable and low-cost biomarkers or factors that could predict the therapeutic response, prognosis, recurrence, and survival in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). This study aimed to investigate the better predictors of chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis in patients with SCLC receiving first-line chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

This study retrospectively retrieved the medical records of patients with SCLC treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy from January 2016 to June 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Plasma biochemical parameters, clinical features, and overall survival (OS) time were collected. The independent effects of plasma parameters on patient survival were assessed by conducting univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The optimal cut-off values of independent risk factors in the ROC curve and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were determined using MedCalc software.

Statistically signer potential biomarker for predicting the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy and the prognosis of individuals with SCLC. Combining these two parameters could improve prediction efficacy.
Combined retreatment serum LDH and Fbg levels may be a better potential biomarker for predicting the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy and the prognosis of individuals with SCLC. Combining these two parameters could improve prediction efficacy.
Radiotherapy is one of the most common treatments for prostate cancer. Finding a useful predictor of the therapeutic outcome is crucial as it increases the efficacy of treatment planning. This study investigated the individual susceptibility to radiation based on chromosome 1 aberration frequency measured by the FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) method.

Whole blood samples were collected from 27 prostate cancer (PCa) patients and 32 subjects with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), who were considered as a control group. Samples were irradiated with 2 Gy of x-rays, cultured, harvested, and used in the FISH procedure.

After irradiation, significantly higher levels of all studied chromosome 1 aberrations (except for deletions) in the group of PCa patients were revealed. Furthermore, in the lymphocytes of cancer patients, nearly five-fold higher frequencies of acentric fragments were observed compared to the BPH group. The highest individual radiosensitivities for all estimated biomarkers were seen in PCa patient cells who reported cancer incidence in the immediate family (CIF+).

The differences in chromosome 1 aberrations between PCa and BPH demonstrate that lymphocytes taken from patients with prostate cancer have higher radiosensitivity which might be related to hereditary or familiar inclinations. Therefore, this technique may find future application in searching biomarkers of the cellular radiotherapy response in prostate cancer patients.
The differences in chromosome 1 aberrations between PCa and BPH demonstrate that lymphocytes taken from patients with prostate cancer have higher radiosensitivity which might be related to hereditary or familiar inclinations. Therefore, this technique may find future application in searching biomarkers of the cellular radiotherapy response in prostate cancer patients.
There are scanty reports of the risk factors for pulmonary hypertensive crisis and low cardiac output syndrome after the operative repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). We aim to evaluate early surgical outcomes of TAPVC and risk factors for pulmonary hypertensive crisis and low cardiac output syndrome.

We conducted a retrospective medical record review for all patients undergoing operative repair of TAPVC within 5 years. Outcome variables included pulmonary hypertensive crisis, low cardiac output syndrome and early mortality.

Of 58 patients, we documented 77.59% supracardiac, 20.69% cardiac and 1.72% mixed site of connection. About 86.21% patients underwent elective surgery, and 13.79% patients required emergency surgery. Incidence rates were 27.59% for pulmonary hypertensive crisis and 6.90% for low cardiac output syndrome. Body weight below 6 kg, pneumonia, tachycardia, hepatomegaly, preoperative pulmonary congestion on chest x-ray, preoperative elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure, preoperative pulmonary venous obstruction, emergency surgery and prolonged aortic cross-clamping time were significant risk factors for postoperative pulmonary hypertensive crisis.
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