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JQ-1 ameliorates schistosomiasis lean meats fibrosis by suppressing JAK2 along with STAT3 account activation.
The Weibull model can well describe the biocidal effect, which would be useful for the optimization of FNA conditions. The maximum NOB growth rate was increased after FNA exposure. This result suggests that long-term implementation of FNA-based technology can select fast-growing NOB in activated sludge, causing a 'NOB adaptation' issue.Soil fauna takes an active part in accelerating turnover of nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has been widely characterized, however, whether anammox is active in earthworm gut and the effect of earthworm on anammox in soil remain unknown. In this study, the activity, abundance and community of anammox bacteria in earthworm guts and soils from microcosms were determined using a 15N-tracing technique, quantitative PCR, and anammox bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results showed that anammox rates in guts ranged between 5.81 and 14.19 nmol N g-1 dw gut content h-1, which were significantly (P less then 0.01) higher than that in their surrounding soils during 30 day incubation. On the contrary, abundances of hzsB genes encoding subunit B hydrazine synthase in guts were significantly (P less then 0.05) lower than those in their surrounding soils. Anammox rates, denitrification N2 production rates and hzsB genes in soils with earthworms were significantly (P less then 0.05) lower than those in control soils. Anammox bacterial compositions differed significantly (P less then 0.05) between gut and soil, and earthworm altered anammox bacterial communities in soils. Brocadia, Kuenenia and abundant unclassified anammox bacteria were detected in collected soils and gut contents, in which Brocadia was only detected in guts. These results suggested that microbes in earthworm gut increase, but present of earthworm reduces anammox and denitrification associated N loss by altering the anammox bacterial community compositions in soils.Recognition that many species share key life-history strategies has enabled predictions of responses to habitat degradation or rehabilitation by these species groups. While such responses have been well documented for freshwater fish that exhibit 'periodic' and 'opportunistic' life-history strategies, this is rare for 'equilibrium' life-history, due largely to their longevity and by comparison, more regular and stable levels of recruitment. Unfortunately, this limits the confidence in using life-history strategies to refine water management interventions to rectify the negative impacts of river regulation for these species. We addressed this knowledge gap for Murray cod Maccullochella peelii, a high-profile, long-lived recreationally popular equilibrium species in south-eastern Australia. We used monitoring data collected across a gradient of hydrologically altered rivers over two decades, to test various hypotheses linking recruitment strength with key attributes of the flow regime. Although Murray cod recrut-age relationships established.Inshore coral habitats are at high risk of loss due to a combination of climate warming and regional-scale human impacts. As a result, they have undergone significant declines. Direct evidence of acute and chronic disturbance on most inshore coral assemblages is limited. Long-term, periodical surveys and historical baseline data essential for effective management are lacking. Using high-precision uranium-thorium (UTh) dating, we reconstruct a ~100-year-long history of extensive coral loss, changes in coral community structure, and a shifting baseline. The data were collected at Weizhou Island, northern South China Sea (SCS), which has highly disturbed inshore coral habitats that are typical globally. According to our UTh dates, major coral mortalities around Weizhou Island have occurred since the 1950s, with increasing frequency and severity since the 1980s. The extensive loss of branching Acropora and collapse of coral communities with peaks around 1960, 1984, and 1998 are accompanied by a shift toward low coral cover and noncoral-dominated assemblages. Prior to this collapse, the local coral community structure sustained remarkable long-term stability over millennia. The timing of the Acropora loss and massive coral mortalities coincides with multiple acute and chronic, natural and anthropogenic disturbance events. We suggest that priority should be given to directly addressing the causes of degradation and effectively controlling chronic disturbances before attempting to restore reef ecosystems. This is probably the only way to solve the "wicked problem" of sustaining the key functions and ecosystem services of inshore coral habitats such as those of Weizhou Island, northern SCS.Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation was reported to increase rice root activity and element bioavailability, which results in enhanced heavy metal (HM) absorption and this HM ends up in rice grains. HM uptake was also affected by the levels of phosphorus (P) fertilizer application. HMs enter food chain via consumption of rice grains and cause health problems. In this study, we compared the differences in grain yield, grain quality, water use efficiency (WUE), partial factor productivity of applied P (PFPp), HM contents in different tissues and transfer coefficient (TC) of HMs under a combination of treatments involving two irrigation regimes (continuous flooding (CF) and AWD irrigation) and three P fertilizer application levels (0.4 g P2O5/kg soil, HP; 0.2 g P2O5/kg soil, MP; 0 g P2O5/kg soil, LP). Compared to CF, AWD irrigation increased grain yield (without reducing grain quality), decreased irrigation water use and the number of irrigation events needed and improved WUE and PFPp at all three P fertilizer application levels, while the accumulation of HMs in grains increased when more P was applied. This accumulation of HMs in grains thus requires immediate attention to the level of P fertilizer application and its optimization in water-saving AWD irrigation to minimize grain HM content.The exact transmission route of many respiratory infectious diseases remains a subject for debate to date. find more The relative contribution ratio of each transmission route is largely undetermined, which is affected by environmental conditions, human behaviour, the host and the microorganism. In this study, a detailed mathematical model is developed to investigate the relative contributions of different transmission routes to a multi-route transmitted respiratory infection. The following transmission routes are considered long-range airborne transmission, short-range airborne transmission, direction inhalation of medium droplets or droplet nuclei, direct deposition of droplets of all sizes, direct and indirect contact route. It is illustrated that all transmission routes can dominate the total transmission risk under different scenarios. Influential parameters considered include the dose-response rate of different routes, droplet governing size that determines pathogen content in droplets, exposure distance, and pathogen dose transported to the hand of infector. Our multi-route transmission model provided a comprehensive but straightforward method to evaluate the probability of respiratory diseases transmission via different routes. It also established a basis for predicting the impact of individual-level intervention methods such as increasing close-contact distance and wearing protective masks.Herein, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was efficiently grafted onto rice husk-based celluloses using different cross-linking agents of epichlorohydrin (EPI) and glutaraldehyde (GA). By feat of microwave irradiation, the functionalization procedure was completed in 17 min, and the synthesized RHEPIMWβ-CD and RHGAMWβ-CD exhibited fast adsorption equilibrium for Pb(II) within 20 min, excellent monolayer adsorption capacities of 216.06 and 279.08 mg g-1 across an extensive pH scope of 3.0-6.0, unaffected affinity to Pb(II) during the existence of co-existing ions, superior reusability with over 81% and 87% of Pb(II) uptake sustained for four adsorption-desorption cycles. Thermodynamic parameters implied that the uptake process of Pb(II) occurred spontaneously (-ΔG0) with an endothermic characteristic (+ΔH0). Furthermore, electrostatic attraction and complexation were demonstrated to enhance the Pb(II) uptake onto the RHEPIMWβ-CD and RHGAMWβ-CD. In fix-bed columns, these two adsorbents also efficiently eliminated Pb(II) under various flow rates with experimental breakthrough curves well simulated by Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. Significantly, the RHEPIMWβ-CD and RHGAMWβ-CD could effectively purify acid battery effluent containing Pb(II) for meeting regulatory requirement. Overall, the fast fabrication, excellent adsorption and recycling performance facilitate the development of tailored adsorbents for Pb(II) elimination in wastewater.This study analyses the role of green growth in promoting a sustainable environment. In literature, the empirical and theoretical examination on the role of green growth in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is missing, especially in combination with other factors, i.e., human capital index, environment-related taxes and development of environment-related technologies. This study investigates the role of environmentally adjusted multifactor productivity growth (i.e. green growth) on CO2 emissions for G7 countries from 1991 to 2017. The study utilizes second generation panel data method(s), i.e. Cross-Sectionally Augmented Auto-regressive Distributive lag (CS-ARDL) model. The outcomes of theoretical and empirical findings indicate that both linear and non-linear term for green growth reduces CO2 emissions. Also, environmental tax, human capital and renewable energy use are found to decrease CO2 emissions. The impact of GDP growth both in short-run and long-run is environment depletion. However, our result supports the theoretical notion that green growth sustains environment quality. We obtained consistent results from panel causality test. Our results may further strengthen the belief of policymakers in developed countries on the promotion of green growth.Chromium (Cr) is a toxic heavy metal for environmental compartments and human health. In this study, waste polypropylene hollow filters (PPF) with an optimal pore size of 5 μm were amino-functionalized with an optimized amount of polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) as an adsorbent for removing Cr (VI). The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, showing the successful polymerization of co-polymer on the surface of PPF and increasing the surface area up to 15.08 m2 g-1. A Box-Behnken design was applied by a quadratic model with 99.15% accuracy, revealing a significant impact of the initial concentration of Cr (VI) on the removal efficiency. Dynamic adsorption was conducted in a continuous and semi-continuous system with over 99% removal efficiency for various initial concentrations of Cr(VI). The fitted data showed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models at the optimum pH of 2 with the predicted maximum adsorption capacity of 510.9 mg g-1 of PANI+PPy, which was significantly higher than some reported adsorbents. The effect of coexisting cations (Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+) and anions (SO42-, Cl- and NO3-) on the removal efficiency revealed selective adsorption of Cr(VI) by the adsorbent. The produced adsorbent was capable of removing 76.6% of Cr(VI) from real electroplating wastewater. Regeneration of the adsorbent was performed by NaOH 1 mol L-1 up to three cycles with a 20% reduction in adsorption performance. All data showed that PPF@PANI+PPy was a promising adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions and real-world wastewater.
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