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COVID-19 turmoil administration within Sweden: Experience from the epidemionomic approach.
It was found that oral administration of GANE at 32.8 and 82 mg/kg.b.w. and dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) provided significant protection against LPS-induced pulmonary fibrosis. GANE enhanced production of superoxide dismutase, GPx, and GSH. It simultaneously reduced the MDA level. The GANE and dexamethasone, induced the production of IL-4, but suppressed TNF-α and IL-6. On the other hand, the lung p38MAPK, TGF-β1, and NF-κB gene expression was downregulated in rats administrated with GANE when compared with the LPS-treated rats. Histological studies confirmed the effective effect of GANE as it had a lung-protective effect against LPS-induced lung fibrosis. It was noticed that GANE can inhibit oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and cytokines and downregulate p38MAPK, TGF-β1, and NF-κB gene expression to suppress the proliferation and migration of lung fibrotic cells.The effect of high pressure on the structure of orthorhombic Mn3(VO4)2 is investigated using in situ Raman spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction up to high pressures of 26.2 and 23.4 GPa, respectively. The study demonstrates a pressure-induced structural phase transition starting at 10 GPa, with the coexistence of phases in the range of 10-20 GPa. The sluggish first-order phase transition is complete by 20 GPa. Importantly, the new phase could be recovered at ambient conditions. Raman spectra of the recovered new phase indicate increased distortion and as a consequence the lowering of the local symmetry of the VO4 tetrahedra. This behavior is different from that reported for isostructural compounds Zn3(VO4)2 and Ni3(VO4)2 where both show stable structures, although almost similar anisotropic compression of the unit cell is observed. The transition observed in orthorhombic Mn3(VO4)2 could be due to the internal charge transfer between the cations, which favors the structural transition at lower pressures and the eventual recovery of the new phase even upon pressure release in comparison to other isostructural compounds. The experimental equation of state parameters obtained for orthorhombic Mn3(VO4)2 match excellently with empirically calculated values reported earlier.N-Doped graphene nanoclusters (N-GNCs) are promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode of fuel cells. In this study, the dependence of the ORR activity on the size of N-GNCs was investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The maximum electrode potential (U Max) was estimated from the free energy of the reaction intermediates of the ORR. U Max was predicted to show a volcanic trend with respect to the cluster size. The results suggest that C215H36N with a radius of 13.6 Å is the best candidate for ORRs and is better than platinum in terms of U Max. The volcano-shaped plot of U Max is attributed to the switch of the reaction step that determines U Max, which is caused by the destabilization of reaction intermediates. Such changes in the stability of the intermediates can be explained by the decrease in the local density of states at the reaction site, which is due to the development of the so-called edge state at the zigzag edge. The establishment of experimental techniques to control the cluster size and doping position will be the key to superior catalyst preparation in the future.Boron-based catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP) have displayed excellent olefin selectivity. However, the drawback of deboronation leading to catalyst deactivation limited their scalable applications. Hereby, a series of mesoporous B-MCM-41 (BM-x, B/Si = 0.015-0.147) catalysts for ODHP were prepared by a simple hydrothermal synthesis method. It was found that propane conversion was increased and the initial reaction temperature was reduced with an increase of boron content, and the optimal values appeared on BM-2.0 (B/Si = 0.062), while olefins' (ethylene and propylene) selectivity was maintained at ca. 70-80%. Most importantly, BM-1.0 (B/Si = 0.048) exhibited favorable activity, stability, and water tolerance after washing treatment or long-time operation (e.g., propane conversion of ca. 15% and overall olefin selectivity of ca. 80% at 550 °C) because its high structural stability prevented boron leaches. These features were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and solid-state magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy studies. The tri-coordinated B-OH species incorporated into the mesoporous silica framework are considered to be the active sites for ODHP.New 1-cetyl-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide complexes with copper(II) bromide and lanthanum(III) nitrate were characterized using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, with self-assembly and the morphological behavior elucidated. For the lanthanum(III) nitrate complex, the 3D crystal structure was characterized using X-ray diffractometry. These metallosurfactants were tested as antitumor agents, and a high cytotoxic effect comparable with doxorubicin was revealed against the M-HeLa and A-549 cell lines. Both complexes were 2 times more active toward the MCF-7 cell line than the breast cancer drug tamoxifen. The cytotoxic mechanism of complexes is assumed to be related to the induction of apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway.Oxygenated fuel has the function of self-supplying oxygen during the combustion process, which can greatly improve emission performance and reduce diesel fuel soot production. In this paper, a novel oxygenated fuel poly(oxymethylene) dibutyl ether (PODBE n ) is designed and synthesized through experiments in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The experimental results show that PODBE n has the advantages of high cetane number (73.6), moderate density (868 kg/m3), and low condensation point (-72 °C). According to the DFT calculation results, the molecular (PODBE n ) polarity index of different polymerization degrees is similar to the value of diesel and has good mutual solubility with diesel. selleck compound Moreover, the mechanism of the entire path of synthesis is calculated at the M06-2X/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. The energetic profile reveals that the rate-determining step is the nucleophilic addition step with the highest barrier energy (TS1 = 21.59 kcal/mol). This work provides a feasible method to synthesize high-performance oxygenated fuel PODBE n using NKC-9 ion-exchange resins.Taking aryl propargyl ether and o-iodibenzoic acid as substrates, a series of aryl cyclolactones bearing an exocyclized C=C bond were constructed with moderate to good yields. Diverse substituent groups could be tolerant in the reaction, which indicated excellent compatibility of the reaction. In this tandem reaction, Ag2O was employed as the media and Et3N was screened as the base to facilitate the reaction. A concise mechanism was proposed on the basis of the expansion of the substrates and theoretical analysis. Sonogashira type coupling coupled with intramolecular nucleophilic addition in one pot to construct the product, 3-ethylideneisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one.Twelve new members (1-12) of the dolabellane family, co-occurring with three related known diterpenoids (13-15), were isolated from the Xisha soft coral Clavularia viridis. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, modified Mosher's method, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Clavuperoxylides A (3) and B (4) represent the first examples of dolabellanes containing peroxyl groups, especially the novel peroxide bridge in 4, whereas clavufuranolides A-C (9-11) are the first example of dolabellane diterpenoids comprising a tetrahydrofuran ring. The possible biogenetic relationship of all the isolates was proposed. In bioassay, several compounds exhibited considerable cytotoxicity against A549 and P388 cell lines. Compound 7 exhibited inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B), an anti-diabetic target, representing the first report of PTP1B inhibitory activity for dolabellane diterpenoids.Metal ion extraction and determination at trace level concentration are challenging due to sample complexity or spectral interferences. Herein, we prepared a through-hole aluminum oxide membrane (AOM) by electrochemical anodization of aluminum substrates. The prepared AOM was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, surface area analysis, porosity measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The AOM with ordered nanopores was highly porous and possess inherent binding sites for selective arsenite sorption. The AOM was used as a novel sorbent for solid-phase microextraction and preconcentration of arsenite ions in water samples. The AOM's sub-micrometer thickness allows water molecules to flow freely across the pores. Before instrumental determination, the suggested microextraction approach removes spectral interferents and improves the analyte ion concentration, with a detection limit of 0.02 μg L-1. Analyzing a standard reference material was used to validate the procedure. Student's t-test value was less than critical Student's t-value of 4.303 at a 95% confidence level. With coefficients of variation of 3.25%, good precision was achieved.Flocculants are used in the primary step of wastewater treatment to precipitate solids. Bovine blood is a slaughterhouse byproduct, and there is limited evidence in the literature demonstrating that it can be used as a flocculant. In this study, native bovine blood (NBB) and three types of chemically modified blood (methylated bovine blood (MeBB), polymerized bovine blood (PolyBB), and polymerized & methylated bovine blood (PMBB)) were tested against suspensions of negatively charged kaolin or positively charged hematite. The methylation reaction had the expected effect of increasing the apparent isoelectric point of MeBB and PMBB relative to that of the NBB starting material, and the polymerization reaction had the intended effect of increasing the average molar mass. NBB and PolyBB performed well with kaolin suspensions at pH ≤5.5, and MeBB showed high and consistent performance, across the pH range of 4.5-8.5. Relative to NBB, MeBB had improved potency and pH independence but also the disadvantage of increased sensitivity to overdosing. The performance of PolyBB was very similar to that of NBB. PMBB had performance enhancements similar to those of MeBB, with a modest improvement in its overdose sensitivity. The performances of MeBB and PMBB with hematite suspensions were poor at all tested doses (2-100 mg/g hematite), whereas a 30 mg/g dose of PolyBB showed 81% precipitation in an hour. The results show that simple chemical treatments can improve the utility of blood as a flocculant for negatively charged solids.In this article, we reported a hierarchical structure of flower-like zinc oxide (ZnO) and poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (PVA-co-PE) nanofiber (ZnO@NF) hybrid membranes for high-performance air filters. Monodispersed flower-like ZnO superstructures were fabricated using a template-free and surfactant-free hydrothermal method, and PVA-co-PE nanofiber yarns were prepared using a melt extrusion phase separation approach. The PVA-co-PE nanofiber yarns were subjected to high-speed shearing in a mixed aqueous solution of isopropanol and water to obtain a stably dispersed nanofiber suspension. The ZnO@NF hybrid air filter was obtained by coating the mixture of flower-like ZnO superstructures and the PVA-co-PE nanofiber suspension on the surface of the polypropylene (PP) meltblown nonwoven with the electret charge eliminated. The filtration efficiency of the ZnO@NF hybrid air filter increases with increasing loading amount of the flower-like ZnO superstructures, while the pressure drop decreases. The flower-like ZnO superstructures were incorporated into the nanofiber-interconnected networks, which significantly reduces the pressure drop of the pure PVA-co-PE nanofiber air filter.
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