Notes

Links Between Psychosocial Functioning and also Physical Health throughout Youth along with Maltreatment Encounters.
01). The cell apoptotic rate was reduced, reaching 17.30%±1.00% at 12 hr and 10.35%±1.52% at 24 hr (
<0.01). These protective effects of oxymatrine were reversed by using Stromatoxin-1, a kv channel inhibitor.

The results indicate that oxymatrine can stimulate insulin secretion and decrease kv channel currents in islet β cells. Besides, oxymatrine also increases cell viability, proliferation, and reduces cell apoptosis in INS-1 cells. The effects of oxymatrine are related to kv channels. This finding provides new insight into the mechanisms of oxymatrine-regulated islet function.
The results indicate that oxymatrine can stimulate insulin secretion and decrease kv channel currents in islet β cells. Besides, oxymatrine also increases cell viability, proliferation, and reduces cell apoptosis in INS-1 cells. The effects of oxymatrine are related to kv channels. This finding provides new insight into the mechanisms of oxymatrine-regulated islet function.
Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a disorder related to accumulation of excess fat within the hepatocytes. In this study, the effects of Berberine, a natural compound, and Sitagliptin as a DPP-4 inhibitor, were observed in a rat model of FLD.

Forty male rats were divided into five groups (n=6) including the control group (normal food and water), high-fat group (high-fat diet (HF) for 6 weeks), Berberine group (HF with oral administration of Berberine at 150 mg/kg for 6 weeks), Sitagliptin group (HF with oral administration of Sitagliptin at 10 mg/kg for 6 weeks), and Berberine/ Sitagliptin group (HF diet within combination with oral administration of Berberine 75 mg/kg and Sitagliptin 5 mg/kg for 6 weeks). Animals were examined for weight gain, serum and hepatic biochemical parameters, tissue histology, expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) mRNA, and protein expression of Adiponectin receptor2 (AdipoR2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phoERK.

The results showed that ALT, AST, lipid profile, insulin, glucose, MDA, and TNF-α were significantly improved in high-fat rats treated with Berberine/ Sitagliptin compared with HF and Sitagliptin, and Berberine alone groups. SOD and adiponectin levels in Berberine/ Sitagliptin group were also significantly increased compared with the other groups. Immunoblot analysis showed that the expression of pho-ERK/ERK was significantly decreased and expression of AdipoR2 significantly increased in the Berberine/ Sitagliptin group compared with other groups.

Co-administration of Berberine and Sitagliptin is an effective therapeutic regimen for conditions associated with hyperlipidemia.
Co-administration of Berberine and Sitagliptin is an effective therapeutic regimen for conditions associated with hyperlipidemia.
Dermatopontin (DPT) is an extracellular matrix protein that plays roles in increasing the activity of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and induction of cell quiescence. These roles suggest a tumor suppressor function for DPT. This study aimed to investigate changes in DPT gene expression in colorectal cancer providing a better understanding of its carcinogenesis.

We used Matched Tumor/Normal Expression Array and Cancer Profiling Arrays I containing 34 and 7 cases of colorectal cancer and their matched controls, respectively, to test DPT expression. In addition, 38 newly diagnosed cases of colorectal cancer were enrolled and their fresh colonic tumoral and normal specimens were obtained. DPT mRNA expression was analyzed using real-time PCR. In cases with DPT under expression, exonic regions of the DPT gene were sequenced using the Sanger method.

In array samples, DPT expression was decreased in 82.9% (34/41), increased in 12.2% (5/41), and had no changes in 4.9% (2/41). DPT was decreased in 14 fresh samples (36.8%), while 12 cases (31.6%) showed overexpression and the others had no changes. DPT expression showed no significant difference among various tumor grades and stages. The frequencies of DPT overexpression were higher in tumors having lymph node involvement (47.7% vs 28%,
=0.59). In 2 cases mutations were detected that may be responsible for decreased expression of DPT.

The similarities between changing patterns of DPT and TGF-β expression in colorectal cancer demonstrate that DPT may act as a pre-receptor component of the TGF-β signaling pathway in colon carcinogenesis.
The similarities between changing patterns of DPT and TGF-β expression in colorectal cancer demonstrate that DPT may act as a pre-receptor component of the TGF-β signaling pathway in colon carcinogenesis.
Strain subtyping is an important epidemiological tool to trace contamination, determine clonal relationships between different strains, and the cause of outbreaks. Current subtyping methods, however, yield less than optimal subtype discrimination. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is the gold standard method for
and Multiple-Locus Variable-number tandem repeat Analysis is a rapid PCR-based method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate MLVA and PFGE methods for subtyping β -lactamase-producing
strains isolated from urinary tract infections.

Overall, 230
isolates from patients with urinary tract infections were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 10-loci and 7-loci MLVA and PFGE methods were used for molecular typing of β -lactamase-producing
isolates.

Out of 230 isolates, 130 (56.5%) β -lactamase-producing
isolates were found in this study. The diversity indices of the VNTR loci showed an average diversity of 0.48 and 0.54 for 7-loci and 10-loci MLVA, respectively. The discriminatory power of PFGE showed a value of 0.87. The discordance between the methods was high.

Our study showed that PFGE is more discriminatory than MVLA. MLVA is a PCR- based method and can generate unmistakable data, in contrast to PFGE. Optimization of polymorphic VNTR is essential to improve the discriminatory power of MLVA based on geographical region.
Our study showed that PFGE is more discriminatory than MVLA. MLVA is a PCR- based method and can generate unmistakable data, in contrast to PFGE. Optimization of polymorphic VNTR is essential to improve the discriminatory power of MLVA based on geographical region.This updated systematic review and meta-analysis follows two aims 1) to assess Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) antibiotic resistance in Iran from 2013 to 2020 and, 2) to assess the trend of resistance from 1999 to 2020. Several national and international databases were systematically searched through MeSH extracted keywords to identify 41 published studies addressing drug-resistant M. tuberculosis in Iran. Meta-analysis was done based on the PRISMA protocols using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. The average prevalence of resistance to first- and second-line anti-TB drugs, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) in new and previously treated tuberculosis (TB) cases in Iran during 2013-2020 were as follows isoniazid 6.9%, rifampin 7.9%, ethambutol 5.7%, pyrazinamide 20.4%, para-aminosalicylic acid 4.6%, capreomycin 1.7%, cycloserine 1.8%, ethionamide 11.3%, ofloxacin 1.5%, kanamycin 3.8%, amikacin 2.2%, MDR-TB 6.3% and XDR-TB 0.9%. Based on the presented data, M. tuberculosis resistance to first- and second-line anti-TB drugs, as well as MDR-TB, was low during 2013-2020 in Iran. Furthermore, there was a declining trend in TB drug resistance from 1999 to 2020. Hence, to maintain the current decreasing trend and to control and eliminate TB infection in Iran, continuous monitoring of resistance patterns is recommended.Metabolic syndrome (MetS), also known as syndrome X, is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality. Increasing age, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and positive family history are the risk factors associated with MetS, which increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Chemical compounds in the treatment of metabolic complications are associated with a lack of efficacy and severe side effects. Numerous studies have described the importance of herbs and natural products to treat human diseases. Therefore, nowadays, herbs-based diets and herbal medicines are recommended for the management of various diseases. The protective effects of several herbs have been reported against MetS such as rosemary, avocado, and silymarin. Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is a rich source of phenolic and alkaloid compounds. It possesses various pharmacological effects, including, anti-oxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antihyperlipidemic, which has been supported by numerous investigations. In this review, we evaluated the effects of eggplant on MetS and its complications comprising diabetes, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. According to these studies, eggplant can control diabetes through the anti-oxidative properties and inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity. Also, eggplant has exerted an antihypertensive effect via ACE inhibitory activity. Eggplant may have shown protective effects on hyperlipidemia and obesity via the induction of lipoprotein lipase activity and the reduction of pancreatic lipase activity.Eggplant can be useful in the treatment of MetS and its complications.[This corrects the article on p. 1 in vol. 13, PMID 33747371.].
Bone tumors can cause severe pain and poor quality of life due to recurrence and non-achievement of complete remission after surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can be considered for minimally invasive treatment of bone tumors that are difficult to radically excise. In this study, RFA was performed for bone tumors that were difficult to radically excise and did not respond to surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy due to their large sizes and/or locations. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics and survival rates of bone tumors after RFA and provide one more treatment option for the future.

There were 43 patients with bone tumors who underwent percutaneous RFA at our hospital from April 2007 to October 2017. The median age of the patients was 59 years (range, 31-75 years), and the median follow-up duration was 67.2 months (range, 10.2-130.5 months). Of the 43 patients, 26 were male and 17 were female. Thirty-four cases were mndings, RFA was effective in reducing pain and improving functional ability of patients with bone tumors that were difficult to radically excise.
This review aimed to evaluate the effects of corticosteroid injections on Morton's neuroma using an algorithmic approach to assess the methodological quality of reported studies using a structured critical framework.

Several electronic databases were searched for articles published until April 2020 that evaluated the outcomes of corticosteroid injections in patients diagnosed with Morton's neuroma. Data search, extraction, analysis, and quality assessments were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). click here guidelines, and clinical outcomes were evaluated using various outcome measures.

With 3-12 months of follow-up, corticosteroid injections provided satisfactory outcomes according to Johnson satisfaction scores except in two studies. Visual analog scale scores showed maximal pain reduction between 1 week and 3 months after injection. We found that 140 subjects out of 469 (29.85%) eventually underwent surgery after receiving corticosteroid injections due to persistent pain.
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