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Computing for fulfillment: Evaluating Authority Coaching Programs regarding Sustainable Effect.
into normal brain will decrease the risk of enhanced radiation injury.The aim of this review is to evaluate the developmental, functional, and morphological aspects of the craniofacial complex in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The degree of disease onset and severity varied from patient to patient, and most parameters indicated a greater degree of deterioration in older patients. It was found that all the muscular dystrophies studied showed altered craniofacial morphology, with malocclusion as the most consistent clinical characteristic. Particularly DM1 patients, who are the most studied, showed significant vertical aberration and post-normal occlusion. DMD patients are reported mainly with altered dental arch dimensions which influence functional capacities. Data for FSHD patients are very limited, but facial asymmetry and muscular weakness appear to be the most prominent findings. Patients with muscular dystrophies present deviations in growth and development as well as in orofacial morphology. Increased prevalence of malocclusions, of both skeletal and dental origins, characterize patients with muscular dystrophies. Different dentofacial characteristics are reported among patients with different types of muscular dystrophies. Further research is needed to clarify the orofacial phenotypic expression of muscular dystrophies.
The present systematic review was carried out to evaluate both qualitatively and quantitatively the effectiveness of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method in predicting the pubertal growth spurt.

PubMed, PMC, Scopus, SciELO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science databases were searched. The research included every article published from 1970 to June 2019, featuring the keywords ("cervical vertebrae" OR ("cervical" AND "vertebrae") AND ("orthodontics" OR "growth and development" OR ("growth" AND "development") OR ("growth"). The Preferred Reporting Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was adopted, and quality assessments modified from the "Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology" (STROBE) and the "Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies" (STARD) were performed to conduct this systematic review.

Initially, 1284 articles were found. All the articles were then examined, and 43 studies met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen articles had low-quality scores, 25 had moderate scores, and 2 had high scores. The results showed a moderate to high statistically significant correlation between the CVM and other maturation methods.

Overall, the CVM method can be considered an effective method and may be used with other skeletal indices for the radiographic assessment of skeletal maturity, and also to identify the growth peak in growing patients.
Overall, the CVM method can be considered an effective method and may be used with other skeletal indices for the radiographic assessment of skeletal maturity, and also to identify the growth peak in growing patients.Traumatic tooth avulsion can lead to ankylosis, which may interfere with growth of the alveolar bone in a growing patient. The resulting difference in alveolar bone height and position can lead to esthetic problems such as open bite. A growing 13-year-old female patient presented skeletal Class III malocclusion with bone ankylosis of a maxillary anterior tooth. Even after 2 years of orthopedic and orthodontic treatment, little improvement was achieved regarding the positions of the anterior maxillary teeth, or the vertical position of the maxillary right central incisor. Therefore, surgical treatment by single-tooth osteotomy (STO) and corticotomy for the anterior ankylosed tooth were considered and performed using a CAD/CAM surgical guide, based on presurgical computer-based simulation surgery. Orthodontic and orthopedic treatments were completed at 10 months after surgery. The patient showed a favorable course of healing, with no mobility issues or gingival recession 3 years after single-tooth osteotomy and corticotomy surgeries. A favorable outcome was finally achieved by applying orthopedic treatment combined with STO and corticotomy for the anterior ankylosed tooth. Orthodontic treatment with minimally surgical method is recommended in an adolescent patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion and anterior open bite.
The aim of this study was to identify the strategies used for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) by general dental practitioners (GDPs) in the city of Istanbul.

A total of 154 GDPs were assessed by a single examiner in this questionnaire-based study. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables, and the results were analyzed at a 95% CI and statistical power of 80% with the significance level set at P < .05.

The most frequently employed strategies for obtaining a diagnosis were patients' medical history (33.1%), physical examination (37.7%), and a combination of diagnostic methods (29.2%). The most commonly referred specialties were prosthodontics (62.2%) and maxillofacial surgery (36.9%). All GDPs treated their TMD patients with occlusal splints, and the majority of the occlusal splints were hard occlusal splints (62.8%). Half of the GDPs considered the etiology of TMD to involve stress, whereas 49.4% believed that TMD is of a multifactorial etiology.

The GDPs clarified that TMD patients were mostly treated with occlusal splints and this datum is consistent with the suggestions of previous consensus papers.
The GDPs clarified that TMD patients were mostly treated with occlusal splints and this datum is consistent with the suggestions of previous consensus papers.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 10° angulation of a maxillary canine (Mx3) bracket on Mx3 and maxillary central incisor (Mx1) tooth movements and alignment efficiency in treatments involving maxillary premolar extraction.

This split-mouth study included 29 individuals in a +10° angulation study group and a 0° angulation control group. The initial (T0) and 12th week (T1) orthodontic models were prepared and digitized with a three-dimensional scanner and superimposed using the OrthoAnalyzer analysis program. The movements of Mx3 and Mx1 were measured, and the alignment efficiency was assessed using Little's Irregularity Index. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test the data for a normal distribution. T1 and T0 measurements within the group and T1 and T0 differences between groups were compared using a paired samples t-test. The significance level was set to P < .05.

The linear movements of Mx3 in the distal direction significantly increased, and Little's Irregularity Index values statistically significantly decreased in both groups. Distal movements of Mx3 were significantly higher in the control group than in the study group (P< 0.01 and P< 0.05). The movements of Mx1 and Little's Irregularity Index measurements did not show statistically significant differences between the groups (P > 0.05).

A +10° Mx3 bracket angulation increased the inclination of Mx3 to the mesial, but it decreased the Mx3 distal linear movement and the retraction of Mx1, with no difference in terms of alignment efficiency between the+10° and 0° Mx3 bracket angulations.
A +10° Mx3 bracket angulation increased the inclination of Mx3 to the mesial, but it decreased the Mx3 distal linear movement and the retraction of Mx1, with no difference in terms of alignment efficiency between the+10° and 0° Mx3 bracket angulations.
To assess the levels of bisphenol A (BPA) released from an orthodontic adhesive with respect to the effects of tooth brushing and mouth washing.

Three groups, each containing fifteen adhesive samples were prepared. 8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine In Group 1, samples were polymerized according to manufacturer instructions. In Group 2, after the same polymerization protocol, each sample was brushed with a fluoride-containing toothpaste. For Group 3, samples were immersed in a mouth washing solution after polymerization. Later, all samples were placed into glass tubes containing 5 mL distilled water. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements were performed to assess the leaching amount of BPA. Intergroup comparison was performed by one way ANOVA test.

Mean amounts of BPA were found to be 0.2674 µg/L, 0.2692 µg/L, and 0.2705 µg/L, respectively. Only a significant difference was found between Group 1 and 3 (P < .01), revealing higher BPA levels with the mouth washing solution.

Measurable amounts of BPA release were observed in all groups of orthodontic adhesive samples, but the detected amounts were below the toxic levels. From a clinical point of view, alcohol-containing mouth washing solutions might increase the amount of leaching monomer, since alcohol is solvent of BPA.
Measurable amounts of BPA release were observed in all groups of orthodontic adhesive samples, but the detected amounts were below the toxic levels. From a clinical point of view, alcohol-containing mouth washing solutions might increase the amount of leaching monomer, since alcohol is solvent of BPA.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of different disinfection protocols on the mechanical properties of orthodontic elastomeric ligatures (EL), an important issue to biosafety improvement and infection control, and to avoid cross-contamination.

A total of 120 EL were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups (n = 20) according to the disinfection method employed group 1, EL were not immersed in a disinfectant solution (control group); group 2, EL were immersed in 2% glutaraldehyde; group 3, EL were immersed in 70% alcohol solution; group 4, EL were cleaned in an ultrasound washing (UW) machine by immersion in 0.5% enzyme detergent solution; group 5, UW procedure was performed, followed by immersion in 2% glutaraldehyde; Group 6, UW procedure was performed, followed by immersion in 70% alcohol. After disinfection, EL were subjected to a tensile strength test where the maximum strength, maximum elongation, and work at failure were determined. Data were statistically evaluated using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's t-test for multiple comparisons.

Statistically significant different (P < .05) values were found between the disinfection methods, and 70% alcohol showed negative changes in all mechanical properties of orthodontic elastomers. By contrast, 2% glutaraldehyde did not show significant alteration in mechanical properties, whereas the UW procedure showed significant alteration in maximum strength and work at failure.

Of the tested substances for disinfection, 2% glutaraldehyde was the only substance that did not cause significant changes in the mechanical properties of orthodontic elastics and is considered as an alternative for elastic disinfection before its use.
Of the tested substances for disinfection, 2% glutaraldehyde was the only substance that did not cause significant changes in the mechanical properties of orthodontic elastics and is considered as an alternative for elastic disinfection before its use.
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