Notes

Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA Four hundred sixty: Report on their part throughout carcinogenesis.
Childhood maltreatment is pervasive and can result in life-long adverse physical and mental health challenges, including a heightened risk for disordered eating. Current treatments for disordered eating have limited long-term success, partly because the psychological processes involved are not well understood. The current research examined two different components of emotion regulation (expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal) and three components of cognitive emotion regulation (intrusive thoughts, thought suppression attempts, and successful thought suppression) as potential psychological mechanisms mediating the relationship between various forms of childhood maltreatment and disordered eating behaviours. Data was drawn using an online survey in an Australian community sample. In total, 461 individuals participated (76.80 percent female, M = 43.04 years, SD = 16.23). Participants completed measures for childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form), disordered eating behaviour (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire - Revised 21), emotion regulation (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire) and thought suppression (Thought Suppression Inventory - Revised). Bootstrapping tests revealed significant mediation pathways between all forms of childhood maltreatment (physical, emotional and sexual abuse, and physical and emotional neglect), and eating behaviours (cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating), through the emotion regulation strategies of cognitive reappraisal, intrusive thoughts and successful thought suppression. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the direction of causality in these findings of emotion regulation strategies mediating the relationships between childhood maltreatment and disordered eating behaviours.Children in the United States do not consume the recommended amounts of healthful foods such as fruits and vegetables. In order to investigate factors associated with children's fruit and vegetable consumption, we used serial mediation models based on a theoretical model proposed by Kaar et al., [Food Quality & Preference, 50, 57-64 (2016)] to assess the indirect effect of parental food neophobia (X) on children's consumption (Y) of fruits and vegetables through two serial mediators, variety of fruits and vegetables offered at home (variety offered; M1) and child food neophobia (M2). This was accomplished with a sample of 148 children between 5 and 10 years of age (Mage = 7.71 years, 44.7% female). We measured parental and child food neophobia and parents' reports of the frequency with which they regularly offered a variety of fruits and vegetables. In addition, children completed a laboratory task in which they were presented with four different fruits and vegetables and were asked to try the foods. AZD9291 Analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of parents' food neophobia on consumption of fruits and vegetables through variety offered (M1) and child food neophobia (M2). There was also a significant serial indirect effect of parent food neophobia on consumption through variety offered and child food neophobia. The results provide further evidence to support the contention that parent and child neophobia and the feeding environment exert a strong influence on children's fruit and vegetable consumption.Emotions play an important role in overeating, yet there is little research looking at practical strategies to reduce overeating in response to a negative mood. In three different experimental studies, we tested if exposure to music can reduce food consumption in a negative mood. Female undergraduates (N = 120-121 in each study) completed a measure of emotional eating and reported baseline hunger. Mood ratings were taken at baseline, post-mood induction and post-eating. All participants were given a mood induction (sadness for study 1, stress for studies 2 and 3) and allocated to one of three music conditions (self-chosen in study 3) or a silent (control) condition. Music was selected from three pieces reported by each participant as being listened to regularly when experiencing the negative mood being examined (sadness or stress) in order to provide solace (comforting music), diversion (distracting positive music), or discharge (angry and/or sad music). Participants were provided with several snack foods to consume whilst completing a mock taste test and intake (in grams) was compared between conditions. In study 1 participants in the music for discharge condition consumed less than those in the control condition. Moreover, participants with high levels of self-reported EE ate more crisps in the control than in the distraction condition. In study 2 participants in the solace condition consumed less than those in the control and discharge conditions. In study 3 most participants chose music for diversion; this did not, however, lead to lower consumption, despite a reduction in reported stress. Overall, the results of these studies indicate that listening to certain types of music might reduce emotion-related eating after controlling for hunger using a standardized pre-session snack.
To evaluate the usage of RT in trial protocols for anti-cancer drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Drugs which had been granted an FDA approval between 2010 and 2017 for the treatment of solid tumors in adults were identified. Use of RT in relation to each drug's approval date was reviewed on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Out of 42 drugs, none was initially approved for an indication which mandates RT. One drug (2.4%) has a post-approval label extension for sequential usage after RT. 5846 records were screened, exclusion of non-cancer trials and duplicates resulted in 4254 protocols out of which 2919 were industry-sponsored (68.6%). RT was tested in 350 (8.2%) studies. Out of 75 drug/RT trials which were initiated prior to approval, fourteen had not yet started recruitment, 45 were recruiting, one was completed, one prematurely terminated and fourteen fully-recruited but ongoing at approval time. Out of the fully-recruited or completed studies, results from four studies on three drugs were already published. In 52.4% of drugs, no patient had been treated with a drug/RT combination at the approval date. Drug/RT studies were less likely industry-sponsored (p<0.001) and more likely initiated post-approval (p<0.001) compared to drug-only trials. Despite this imbalance, pre-approval drug/RT trials were still mostly industry-sponsored (65.3%).

No drug/RT data were publicly available in over 90% of newly approved anti-cancer drugs. These results indicate that clinicians must rely on postmarketing surveillance to identify drug/RT interactions as data from trials are unavailable at approval.
No drug/RT data were publicly available in over 90% of newly approved anti-cancer drugs. These results indicate that clinicians must rely on postmarketing surveillance to identify drug/RT interactions as data from trials are unavailable at approval.
Assess Once daily (OD) chemoradiation effectiveness for LS-SCLC compared with twice daily (BID) chemoradiation.

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, eligible randomized clinical trials (RCT) comparing OD and BID were identified on electronic databases. A meta-analysis was performed to compare overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity. A metaregression analysis was conducted to explore the influence of fractionation, biological effective dose (BED), the proportion of patients treated with prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI), elective nodal irradiation (ENI), and the start of radiotherapy (week 1 or week 4).

Five RCTs with a total of 1941 patients (OD vs. BID) were included. The relative risk (RR) for OS and PFS was 0.97 (CI95% 0.8-1.1, p=0.731) and 0.90 (CI95% 0.7-1.1, p=0.20) at 3-years. In the metaregression analysis, hypofractionated radiotherapy schedules were associated with an improvement in overall survivults in similar outcomes to BID chemoradiation. In contrast, hypofractionated radiotherapy was associated with a better OS and PFS than BID. Additional randomized phase III trials exploring hypofractionation with systemic therapy are warranted to validate our findings.
In this study, we aimed to establish and validate an integrated prognostic model for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (lrNPC) patients, and evaluate the benefit of re-radiotherapy (re-RT) in patients with different risk levels.

In total, 531 patients with lrNPC were retrospectively reviewed in this study, including 271 patients from 2006 to 2012 as the training cohort and 260 patients from 2013 to 2016 as the validation cohort. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. Multivariate analysis was performed to select the significant prognostic factors (P<0.05). A prognostic model for OS was derived by recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) combining independent predictors using the algorithm of optimized binary partition.

Three independent prognostic factors (age, relapsed T [rT] stage, and Epstein-Barr virus [EBV] DNA) were identified from multivariate analysis. Five prognostic groups were derived from an RPA model that combined rT stage and EBV DNA. After further pair-wise comparisons of survival outcome in each group, three risk groups were generated. We investigated the role of re-RT in different risk groups, and found that re-RT could benefit patients in the low (P<0.001) and intermediate-risk subgroups (P=0.017), while no association between re-RT and survival benefit was found in the high-risk subgroup (P=0.328). The results of risk stratification and re-RT efficacy were verified in the validation cohort.

Age, rT stage and EBV DNA were identified as independent predictors for lrNPC. We established an integrated RPA-based prognostic model for OS incorporating rT stage and EBV DNA, which could guide individual treatment for lrNPC.
Age, rT stage and EBV DNA were identified as independent predictors for lrNPC. We established an integrated RPA-based prognostic model for OS incorporating rT stage and EBV DNA, which could guide individual treatment for lrNPC.
To explore the prognostic value of the oligometastatic disease (OMD) states as proposed by the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) classification system.

This retrospective single-institution study included patients with 1-5 extracranial metastases from any solid malignancy treated with SBRT to all metastases. OMD states were defined according to the ESTRO EORTC classification. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Discriminatory strength of the classification was assessed by Gönen & Heller's concordance probability estimate (CPE). Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess predictors of OS and PFS.

In total, 385 patients were included. The median follow-up was 24.1months. The most frequent OMD states were metachronous oligorecurrence (23.6%) and induced oligoprogression (18.7%). Induced OMD patients had significantly shorter median OS (28.
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