Notes

The sensor-based technique regarding speedy on-site testing of microbe toxins throughout beef samples and carcasses.
The higher male prevalence in sporadic bvFTD may provide important clues for its differential pathogenesis and warrants further research.
The higher male prevalence in sporadic bvFTD may provide important clues for its differential pathogenesis and warrants further research.
Identification of factors that may help to preserve cognitive function in late life could elucidate mechanisms and facilitate interventions to improve the lives of millions of people. this website However, the large number of potential factors associated with cognitive function poses an analytical challenge.

We used data from the longitudinal Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) and machine learning to investigate 50 demographic, biomedical, behavioral, social, and psychological predictors of preserved cognitive function in later life.

Participants in WHIMS and two consecutive follow up studies who were at least 80 years old and had at least one cognitive assessment following their 80th birthday were classified as cognitively preserved. Preserved cognitive function was defined as having a score ≥39 on the most recent administration of the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICSm) and a mean score across all assessments ≥39. Cognitively impaired participants were those adjudicated by experts to have probable dementia or at least two adjudications of mild cognitive impairment within the 14 years of follow-up and a last TICSm score <  31. Random Forests was used to rank the predictors of preserved cognitive function.

Discrimination between groups based on area under the curve was 0.80 (95%-CI-0.76-0.85). Women with preserved cognitive function were younger, better educated, and less forgetful, less depressed, and more optimistic at study enrollment. They also reported better physical function and less sleep disturbance, and had lower systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, and blood glucose levels.

The predictors of preserved cognitive function include demographic, psychological, physical, metabolic, and vascular factors suggesting a complex mix of potential contributors.
The predictors of preserved cognitive function include demographic, psychological, physical, metabolic, and vascular factors suggesting a complex mix of potential contributors.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visual scales of brain atrophy are important for differential diagnosis of dementias in routine clinical practice. Atrophy patterns in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be different according to some studies.

Our goal was to assess brain atrophy patterns in early- and late-onset AD using our recently developed simple MRI visual scales and evaluate their reliability.

We used Hippocampo-horn percentage (Hip-hop) and Parietal Atrophy Score (PAS) to compare mediotemporal and parietal atrophy on brain MRI among 4 groups 26 patients with early-onset AD, 21 younger cognitively normal persons, 32 patients with late-onset AD, 36 older cognitively normal persons. Two raters scored all brain MRI to assess reliability of the Hip-hop and PAS. Brain MRI were obtained from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database.

The patients with early-onset AD had significantly more pronounced mediotemporal and also parietal atrophy bilaterally compared to the controls (both p <  0.01). The patients with late-onset AD had significantly more pronounced only mediotemporal atrophy bilaterally compared to the controls (p <  0.000001), but parietal lobes were the same.Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of both visual scales Hip-hop and PAS were almost perfect in all cases (weighted-kappa value ranged from 0.90 to 0.99).

While mediotemporal atrophy detected using Hip-hop is universal across whole AD age spectrum, parietal atrophy detected using PAS is worth rating only in early-onset AD. Hip-hop and PAS are very reliable MRI visual scales.
While mediotemporal atrophy detected using Hip-hop is universal across whole AD age spectrum, parietal atrophy detected using PAS is worth rating only in early-onset AD. Hip-hop and PAS are very reliable MRI visual scales.Neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Parkinson's disease, among others, are characterized by the pathological processing and accumulation of tau protein. AD is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by two lesions neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques. The presence of NFTs in the hippocampus and neocortex in early and advanced stages, respectively, correlates with the patient's cognitive deterioration. So far, no drugs can prevent, decrease, or limit neuronal death due to abnormal pathological tau accumulation. Among potential non-pharmacological treatments, physical exercise has been shown to stimulate the development of stem cells (SCs) and may be useful in early stages. However, this does not prevent neuronal death from the massive accumulation of NFTs. In recent years, SCs therapies have emerged as a promising tool to repopulate areas involved in cognition in neurodegenerative diseases. Unfortunately, protocols for SCs therapy are still being developed and the mechanism of action of such therapy remains unclear. In this review, we show the advances and limitations of SCs therapy. Finally, we provide a critical analysis of its clinical use for AD.
An increasing number of bone graft materials are commercially available and vary in their composition, mechanism of action, costs, and indications.

A commercially available PLGA scaffold produced using 3D printing technology has been used to promote the preservation of the alveolar socket after tooth extraction. We examined its influence on bone regeneration in long bones of New Zealand White rabbits.

5.0-mm-diameter circular defects were created on the tibia bones of eight rabbits. Two groups were studied (1)control group, in which the bone defects were left empty; (2)scaffold group, in which the PLGA scaffolds were implanted into the bone defect. Radiography was performed every two weeks postoperatively. After sacrifice, bone specimens were isolated and examined by micro-computed tomography and histology.

Scaffolds were not degraded by eight weeks after surgery. Micro-computed tomography and histology showed that in the region of bone defects that was occupied by scaffolds, bone regeneration was compromised and the total bone volume/total volume ratio (BV/TV) was significantly lower.

The implantation of this scaffold impedes bone regeneration in a non-critical bone defect. Implantation of bone scaffolds, if unnecessary, lead to a slower rate of fracture healing.
The implantation of this scaffold impedes bone regeneration in a non-critical bone defect. Implantation of bone scaffolds, if unnecessary, lead to a slower rate of fracture healing.
The biologic scaffolds derived from decellularized tissues and organs have been successfully developed in a variety of preclinical and/or clinical studies.

The new decellularized liver-regenerative 3D printing biomaterials were designed and prepared for cell-based liver therapies.

An extraction process was employed to remove the tissue and cellular molecules from porcine liver via pretreatment of supercritical fluid of carbon dioxide (ScCO2). Varying porosities of the decellularized liver tissues were created using papain-containing reagent treatments after ScCO2.

The resulting liver-regenerative 3D printing biomaterials of decellularized liver collagen scaffolds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy.

The decellularized liver collagen scaffolds with good thermal stability (>150 °C) were obtained and employed as liver-regenerative 3D printing biomaterials for cell-based liver therapies.
150 °C) were obtained and employed as liver-regenerative 3D printing biomaterials for cell-based liver therapies.
After total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the femur tends to be located posteriorly under weight-bearing (WB) conditions, and a paradoxical femoral anterior motion occurs, leading to joint instability.

We aimed to clarify factors which affect the postoperative femoral anteroposterior position relative to the tibia under WB conditions (A-P position) in medial pivot (MP) TKA.

Among 126 knees (81 women) with primary TKA using MP prosthesis for varus osteoarthritic knees, 70 knees had cruciate-retaining inserts (CR) with the reduced conformity and 56 knees had cruciate-substituting inserts (CS) with the full conformity. Using the three-dimensional (3D) assessment system, the associations between the A-P position and the factors including pre- and postoperative lower extremity alignment, component positions, and posterior femoral condylar offset (PCO), were assessed regarding the type of inserts.

Significant correlations were seen between the A-P position and posterior tibial slope (PTS), medial PCO, and lateral PCO. Regarding the difference between the two inserts, the PTS, medial PCO, and lateral PCO significantly correlated with the A-P position in the CR, but only the PTS correlated in the CS.

The increased PTS and decreased PCO were the dominant factors for the A-P position in MP TKA.
The increased PTS and decreased PCO were the dominant factors for the A-P position in MP TKA.
Computational fluid dynamics provides a new method for the study of the blood flow characteristics of the formation and development of intracranial aneurysms.

To compare blood flow characteristics between the healthy internal carotid artery and normal intracranial aneurysms.

The internal carotid arteries were simulated to obtain hemodynamic parameters in one patient.

The internal carotid artery associated with aneurysm presents low wall shear stress, high oscillatory shear index, and high particle retention time compared with the normal internal carotid artery.

There are differences in blood flow between the normal internal carotid artery and intracranial aneurysm. The vortex of the aneurysm will produce turbulence, indicating that it is unstable, which results in the growth and rupture of the aneurysm.
There are differences in blood flow between the normal internal carotid artery and intracranial aneurysm. The vortex of the aneurysm will produce turbulence, indicating that it is unstable, which results in the growth and rupture of the aneurysm.
The finite element method (FEM) is an efficient and powerful tool for studying human spine biomechanics.

In this study, a detailed asymmetric three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of the upper cervical spine was developed from the computed tomography (CT) scan data to analyze the effect of ligaments and facet joints on the stability of the upper cervical spine.

A 3D FE model was validated against data obtained from previously published works, which were performed in vitro and FE analysis of vertebrae under three types of loads, i.e. flexion/extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending.

The results show that the range of motion of segment C1-C2 is more flexible than that of segment C2-C3. Moreover, the results from the FE model were used to compute stresses on the ligaments and facet joints of the upper cervical spine during physiological moments.

The anterior longitudinal ligaments (ALL) and interspinous ligaments (ISL) are found to be the most active ligaments, and the maximum stress distribution is appear on the vertebra C3 superior facet surface under both extension and flexion moments.
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