Notes

TREM2-dependent lipid droplet biogenesis within phagocytes is essential for remyelination.
A platform with both bacteria killing and sensing capabilities is crucial for monitoring the entire bacteria-related process on biomaterials and biomedical devices. Electron transfer (ET) between the bacteria and a Au-loaded semiconductor (ZnO) is observed to be the primary factor for effective bacteria sensing and fast bacteria killing. The electrons produce a saturation current that varies linearly with the bacteria number, semi-logarithmically, with R2 of 0.98825, thus providing an excellent tool to count bacteria quantitatively in real-time. Furthermore, ET leads to continuous electron loss killing of about 80% of Escherichia coli in only 1 h without light. The modularity and extendability of this ET-based platform are also demonstrated by the excellent results obtained from other semiconductor/substrate systems and the stability is confirmed by recycling tests. The underlying mechanism for the dual functions is not due to conventional attributed Zn2+ leaching or photocatalysis but instead electrical interactions upon direct contact. The results reveal the capability of real-time detection of bacteria based on ET while providing information about the antibacterial behavior of ZnO-based materials especially in the early stage. The concept can be readily incorporated into the design of smart and miniaturized devices that can sense and kill bacteria simultaneously.This study aimed to investigate the perceived work stress and its influencing factors among hospital staff during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Taiwan. A web-based survey was conducted at one medical center and two regional hospitals in southern Taiwan, targeting physicians, nurses, medical examiners, and administrators. The questionnaire included items on the demographic characteristics of hospital staff and a scale to assess stress among healthcare workers caring for patients with a highly infectious disease. A total of 752 valid questionnaires were collected. The hospital staff reported a moderate level of stress and nurses had a highest level of stress compared to staff in the other three occupational categories. The five highest stress scores were observed for the items "rough and cracked hands due to frequent hand washing and disinfectant use," "inconvenience in using the toilet at work," "restrictions on eating and drinking at work," "fear of transmitting the disease to relatives and friends," and "fear of being infected with COVID-19." Discomfort caused by protective equipment was the major stressor for the participants, followed by burden of caring for patients. Among participants who experienced severe stress (n = 129), work stress was higher among those with rather than without minor children. The present findings may serve as a reference for future monitoring of hospital staff's workload, and may aid the provision of support and interventions.Pediatric intestinal failure (IF) is the critical reduction of intestinal mass or function below the amount necessary for normal growth in children. Short-bowel syndrome (SBS) is the most common cause of IF in infants and children and is caused by intestinal resection. Enteral autonomy and freedom from parenteral nutrition is the mainstay of nutrition management in SBS. The goal is to achieve intestinal adaptation while maintaining proper growth and development. Treatment is variable, and there remains a paucity of evidence to draw well-informed conclusions for the care of individuals in this complex population. Physiological principles of enteral nutrition and practical recommendations for advancing the diet of patients with pediatric SBS are presented. Emerging trends in nutrition management, such as the growing interest in blending diets and the impact on SBS, are reviewed. Finally, the influence of the microbiome on enteral tolerance and small bowel bacterial overgrowth are considered.
Defecation requires relaxation of the internal and external anal sphincters. High anal resting pressure is associated with painful constipation, defecatory disorders, and increased healthcare utilization in constipated patients; the mechanisms are unclear. Perhaps patients with a high anal resting pressure have a less distensible canal, which impedes defecation.

In 50 of 64 participants (33 healthy and 17 constipated women), anal pressures and distensibility were measured, respectively, with manometry and balloon distention combined with magnetic resonance imaging; rectal balloon expulsion time (BET) was also studied.

The BET (P=.006) was longer, and the mean (SD) rectoanal pressure gradient (-58[40] vs -34[26] mmHg, P=.03) was more negative in constipated than healthy women; anal resting pressure was not different. During anal distention, the balloon expanded rapidly at an opening pressure of 49 (18) mmHg, which was lower (P<.0001) than resting pressure (90 [25] mmHg). The resting pressure was corre provides a surrogate marker of anal distensibility. The difference (opening-resting pressure), which reflects anal relaxation during distention, is correlated with anal relaxation during evacuation. Anal resting pressure and distensibility were comparable in healthy and constipated women.Heavy metal is one of the major factors threatening the survival of microorganisms. Here, a deep-sea bacterium designated Idiomarina sp. OT37-5b possessing strong cadmium (Cd) tolerance was isolated from a typical hydrothermal vent. Both the Cd-resistance and removal efficiency of Idiomarina sp. OT37-5b were significantly promoted by the supplement of cysteine and meanwhile large amount of CdS nanoparticles were observed. selleck products Production of H2 S from cysteine catalysed by methionine gamma-lyase was further demonstrated to contribute to the formation of CdS nanoparticles. Proteomic results showed the addition of cysteine effectively enhanced the efflux of Cd, improved the activities of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes, and thereby boosted the nitrogen reduction and energy production of Idiomarina sp. OT37-5b. Notably, the existence of CdS nanoparticles obviously promoted the growth of Idiomarina sp. OT37-5b when exposed to light, indicating this bacterium might grab light energy through CdS nanoparticles. Proteomic analysis revealed the expression levels of essential components for light utilization including electron transport, cytochrome complex and F-type ATPase were significantly up-regulated, which strongly suggested the formation of CdS nanoparticles promoted light utilization and energy production. Our results provide a good model to investigate the uncovered mechanisms of self-photosensitization of nonphotosynthetic bacteria for light-to-chemical production in the deep biosphere.Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of distal symmetric polyneuropathies due to progressive and length-dependent degeneration of peripheral nerves. Cranial nerve involvement has been described in association with various CMT-genes mutations, such as GDAP1, TRPV4, MFN2, MTMR2 and EGR2. link2 Compound heterozygous mutations in the TRIM2 gene, encoding an E3 ubiquitin ligase, were previously identified in two patients with early-onset axonal CMT (CMT2). One of them also had bilateral vocal cord paralysis. The aim of this study is to further delineate the phenotypic and molecular genetic features of TRIM2-related CMT. We studied clinical, genetic and neurophysiological aspects of two unrelated CMT2 patients. Genetic analysis was performed by next generation sequencing of a multigene CMT panel. Patients presented with congenital hypotonia and bilateral clubfoot, delayed motor milestones, and severely progressive axonal neuropathy. Interestingly, along with vocal cord paralysis, they exhibited clinical features secondary to the involvement of several other cranial nerves, such as facial weakness, dysphagia, dyspnoea and acoustic impairment. Genetic analysis revealed two novel TRIM2 mutations in each patient. Our results expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of TRIM2 deficiency showing that cranial nerves involvement is a core feature in this CMT2-subtype. Its finding should prompt physicians to suspect TRIM2 neuropathy. Conversely, patients carrying TRIM2 variants should be carefully evaluated for the presence of cranial nerve dysfunction in order to prevent and manage its impact on auditory and respiratory function and nutrition.Exploring earth-abundant and highly efficient electrocatalysts is critical for further development of water electrolyzer systems. Integrating bifunctional catalytically active sites into one multi-component might greatly improve the overall water-splitting performance. In this work, amorphous NiO nanosheets coupled with ultrafine Ni and MoO3 nanoparticles (MoO3 /Ni-NiO), which contains two heterostructures (i.e., Ni-NiO and MoO3 -NiO), is fabricated via a novel sequential electrodeposition strategy. The as-synthesized MoO3 /Ni-NiO composite exhibits superior electrocatalytic properties, affording low overpotentials of 62 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and 347 mV at 100 mA cm-2 for catalyzing the hydrogen and the oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER), respectively. Moreover, the MoO3 /Ni-NiO hybrid enables the overall alkaline water-splitting at a low cell voltage of 1.55 V to achieve 10 mA cm-2 with outstanding catalytic durability, significantly outperforming the noble-metal catalysts and many materials previously reported. link3 Experimental and theoretical investigations collectively demonstrate the generated Ni-NiO and MoO3 -NiO heterostructures significantly reduce the energetic barrier and act as catalytically active centers for selective HER and OER, synergistically accelerating the overall water-splitting process. This work helps to fundamentally understand the heterostructure-dependent mechanism, providing guidance for the rational design and oriented construction of hybrid nanomaterials for diverse catalytic processes.
Phase contrast MRI in the great vessels is a potential clinical tool for managing fetal pathologies. One challenge is the uncontrollable fetal motion, potentially corrupting flow quantifications.

To demonstrate improvements in fetal blood flow quantification in great vessels using retrospectively motion-corrected golden-angle radial phase contrast MRI relative to Cartesian phase contrast MRI.

Method comparison.

Computer simulation. Seventeen pregnant volunteers.

1.5T and 3T. Cartesian and golden-angle radial phase contrast MRI.

Through computer simulations, radial (with and without retrospective motion correction) and Cartesian phase contrast MRI were compared using flow deviations. in vivo Cartesian and radial phase contrast MRI measurements and reconstruction qualities were compared in pregnancies. Cartesian data were reconstructed into gated reconstructions (CINEs) after cardiac gating with metric optimized gating (MOG). For radial data, real-time reconstructions were performed for motion corre estimated mean and peak (P < 0.05) flows than the corresponding radial reconstructions.

Simulations showed that radial phase contrast MRI with motion compensation improved flow accuracy. For fetal measurements, motion-corrected radial reconstructions showed better image quality than, and different flow values from, Cartesian reconstructions.

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