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To describe the surgical technique and examine the feasibility and outcomes following robotic pelvic exenteration and extended pelvic resection for rectal and/or urological malignancy.

We present a case series of seven patients with locally advanced or synchronous urological and/or rectal malignancy who underwent robotic total or posterior pelvic exenteration between 2012-2016.

In total, we included seven patients undergoing pelvic exenteration or extended pelvic resection. The mean operative time was 485±157 minutes and median length of stay was 9 days (6-34 days). There was only one Clavien-Dindo complication grade 3 which was a vesicourethral anastomotic leak requiring rigid cystoscopy and bilateral ureteric catheter insertion. Eighty-five percent of patients had clear colorectal margins with a median margin of 3.5 mm (0.7-8.0 mm) while all urological margins were clear. Six out of seven patients had complete (grade 3) total mesorectal excision. Three patients experienced recurrence at a median of 22 months (21-24 months) post-operatively. Of the three recurrences, one was systemic only whilst two were both local and systemic. One patient died from complications of dual rectal and prostate cancer 31 months after the surgery.

We report a large series examining robotic pelvic exenteration or extended pelvic resection and describe the surgical technique involved. The robotic approach to pelvic exenteration is highly feasible and demonstrates acceptable peri-operative and oncological outcomes. It has the potential to benefit patients undergoing this highly complex and morbid procedure.
We report a large series examining robotic pelvic exenteration or extended pelvic resection and describe the surgical technique involved. The robotic approach to pelvic exenteration is highly feasible and demonstrates acceptable peri-operative and oncological outcomes. It has the potential to benefit patients undergoing this highly complex and morbid procedure.Robotic assistance in laparoscopic surgery was introduced at the turn of this millennium, marking a milestone in the history of surgery. Urologists were early adopters of robotic technology and the indications of robot-assisted surgery in urology are expanding. Over the last 20 years, the da Vinci surgical system was the dominant system in the robotic surgical market. However, the recent expiration of Intuitive patents has allowed new systems to enter the market more freely. We performed a nonsystematic literature review using the PubMed/MEDLINE search engines. The aim of this review was to briefly summarize the currently available robotic surgical systems for laparoscopic urologic surgery. New surgical devices have already been launched in the robotic market and the da Vinci systems have some competition. The innovation of robotic technology is continuing, and new features such as an open-console design, haptic feedback, smaller instruments, and separately mounted robotic arms have been introduced. A new robotic era is rising, and new systems and technologies enhancing patient care are welcomed.Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) remains the most used test to detect prostate cancer (PCa), the limited specificity and an elevated rate of overdiagnosis are the main problems associated with PSA testing. Over the last three decades, a large body of evidence has indicated that PSA screening methods for PCa are problematic, although PSA screening significantly reduces PCa-specific mortality. A number of novel biomarkers have been introduced to overcome these limitations of PSA in the clinical setting. These biomarkers have demonstrated an increased ability to select patients for biopsy and identify men at risk for clinically significant PCa. Although a number of assays require further validation, initial data are promising. Forthcoming results will ultimately determine the clinical utility and commercial availability of these assays. Extensive efforts have recently been made to identify and commercialize novel PCa biomarkers for more effective detection of PCa, either alone or in combination with currently available clinical tools. This review highlights the role of existing and promising serum and urinary biomarkers for the detection and prognostication of PCa before prostate biopsy.
The genetic underpinnings of glycemic traits have been understudied in adolescent and Hispanic/Latino (H/L) populations in comparison to adults and populations of European ancestry.

To identify genetic factors underlying glycemic traits in an adolescent H/L population.

We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of fasting glucose (FG) and fasting insulin (FI) in H/L adolescents from the Santiago Longitudinal Study.

We identified one novel variant positioned in the CSMD1 gene on chromosome 8 (rs77465890, effect allele frequency = 0.10) that was associated with FI (β = -0.299, SE = 0.054, p = 2.72×10
) and was only slightly attenuated after adjusting for body mass index z-scores (β = -0.252, SE = 0.047, p = 1.03×10
). We demonstrated directionally consistent, but not statistically significant results in African and Hispanic adults of the Population Architecture Using Genomics and Epidemiology Consortium. We also identified secondary signals for two FG loci after conditioning on known variants, which demonstrate allelic heterogeneity in well-known glucose loci.

Our results exemplify the importance of including populations with diverse ancestral origin and adolescent participants in GWAS of glycemic traits to uncover novel risk loci and expand our understanding of disease aetiology.
Our results exemplify the importance of including populations with diverse ancestral origin and adolescent participants in GWAS of glycemic traits to uncover novel risk loci and expand our understanding of disease aetiology.
Hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis is the most frequent and representative form of autosomal dominant hereditary systemic amyloidosis. Disease-modifying treatments of the disease are more effective during the early stages, and we require biomarkers to detect early pathological changes for prompt diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate whether plasma growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) levels could aid detection of early pathological changes in ATTRv amyloidosis.

We retrospectively studied 32 patients with ATTRv amyloidosis, eight asymptomatic TTR mutation carriers, and eight healthy volunteers. We evaluated plasma GDF-15 levels in these subjects as related to levels of brain natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity troponin T, echocardiographic features,
Tc-pyrophosphate (PYP) scans, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings. Plasma GDF-15 levels significantly increased even in asymptomatic TTR mutation carriers compared with healthy volunteers (P<0.01). Plasma GDF-15 levels were significantly correlated with plasma brain natriuretic peptide values (P<0.01), serum high-sensitivity troponin T values (P<0.05), and interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole (P<0.01) in patients with ATTRv amyloidosis. Plasma GDF-15 levels in patients with PYP-positive ATTRv amyloidosis were significantly higher than those in patients with PYP-negative ATTRv amyloidosis (P<0.01). Plasma GDF-15 levels in patients with late gadolinium enhancement-positive ATTRv amyloidosis were significantly higher than those in patients with late gadolinium enhancement-negative ATTRv amyloidosis (P<0.01). Groups of patients with different TTR genotypes manifested different plasma GDF-15 levels.

Growth differentiation factor 15 may reflect early pathological changes of ATTRv amyloidosis.
Growth differentiation factor 15 may reflect early pathological changes of ATTRv amyloidosis.
The relationship between cancer and COVID-19has been revealed during the pandemic. Some anticancer treatments have been reported to have negative influences on COVID-19-infected patients while other studies did not support this hypothesis.

A literature search was conducted in WOS, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI and VIP between Dec 1, 2019 and Sept 23, 2020 for studies on anticancer treatments in patients with COVID-19. Cohort studies involving over 20 patients with cancer were included. The characteristics of the patients and studies, treatment types, mortality, and other additional outcomes were extracted and pooled for synthesis. RRs and forest plots were adopted to present the results. The literature quality and publication bias were assessed using NOS and Egger's test, respectively.

We analyzed the data from 29 studies, with 5121 cancer patients with COVID-19 meeting the inclusion criteria. There were no significant differences in mortality between patients receiving anticancer treatment andalignancies. Multicenter, prospective studies are needed to re-evaluate the results.
No significant difference was seen in any anticancer treatments in the solid tumor subgroup. Chemotherapy, however, will lead to higher mortality in patients with hematological malignancies. Multicenter, prospective studies are needed to re-evaluate the results.It has been reported that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are beneficial for predicting tumor stage or treatment response. Although epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAMs) and cytokeratin (CK) have been often used for the identification of CTCs, other tumor markers have not been fully investigated as detecting tools for CTCs. Donafenib in vivo Thus, this study aims to clarify the significance of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA, CD66e)-positive CTCs in patients with gastric cancer. A total of 150 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. The mononuclear fraction of peripheral blood was enriched by Ficoll. The number of cells was enumerated depending on the positivity of EpCAM and CEA or CK by flow cytometry. The association of these cells with clinicopathologic characteristics was investigated. The mean age was 70 (range 28-92). The macroscopic type of gastric cancer was classified as 0/1/2/3/4/5 in 59/11/22/38/16/4 patients, respectively. Seventy-one patients (47.3%) were diagnosed with intestinal-type cancer, while 76 patients (50.7%) were diagnosed with the diffuse type. The mean numbers of cells with EpCAM-CK+, EpCAM+CK-, EpCAM+CK+, EpCAM-CEA+, EpCAM+CEA-, and EpCAM+CEA+ were 618, 237, 19.9, 1147, 291, and 7.41, respectively. The number of EpCAM-CEA+cells was significantly higher in patients with stage II-III and IV than in patients with stage I. The 3-year RFS rate in patients with a high number of EpCAM-CEA+cells (>=622) was 57.5%, while it was 79.3% in patients with a low number of EpCAM-CEA+cells ( less then 622) (log-rank p = 0.0079). Thus, we conclude that CEA-positive CTCs will be a clinically beneficial biomarker in patients with gastric cancer.We aim to characterize patients with Gomez-López-Hernández syndrome (GLHS) clinically and to investigate them molecularly. A clinical protocol, including a morphological and neuropsychological assessment, was applied to 13 patients with GLHS. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and whole-exome sequencing were undertaken; magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 12 patients, including high-resolution, heavily T2-weighted sequences (HRT2) in 6 patients to analyze the trigeminal nerves. All patients presented alopecia; two did not present rhombencephalosynapsis (RES); trigeminal anesthesia was present in 5 of the 11 patients (45.4%); brachycephaly/brachyturricephaly and mid-face retrusion were found in 84.6 and 92.3% of the patients, respectively. One patient had intellectual disability. HRT2 sequences showed trigeminal nerve hypoplasia in four of the six patients; all four had clinical signs of trigeminal anesthesia. No common candidate gene was found to explain GLHS phenotype. RES does not seem to be an obligatory finding in respect of GLHS diagnosis.
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