Notes

Localised blood-brain buffer opening in going through gliomas along with MRI-guided traditional emissions-controlled centered ultrasound examination.
to address nonspecific grading practices and eliminate oral examination grade differences between underrepresented in medicine and White students.
Liver transplantation offers a potential for curative-intent treatment in patients presenting with non-metastatic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma that is not amenable to partial hepatectomy. There is little empiric evidence evaluating the efficacy of liver transplantation in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

We queried the National Cancer Database to identify patients presenting with histologically confirmed clinical stage I to III intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma between 2004 and 2016. Propensity scoring was used to develop matched cohorts of patients undergoing treatment with liver transplantation, surgical resection, or chemotherapy alone. Kaplan Meier methods were used to compare rates of overall survival.

One thousand four hundred and eleven patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 66 (4.7%) underwent liver transplantation, 461 (32.7%) underwent surgical resection, and 884 (62.6%) were treated with chemotherapy alone. On adjusted analysis, patients undergoing liver transplantation werelect patients presenting with localized intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Patients undergoing liver transplantation for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma demonstrate overall survival profiles similar to stage-matched and margin-matched patients undergoing surgical resection. Liver transplantation is an effective treatment modality in select patients presenting with localized intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Postoperative pain management is particularly challenging in patients using opioids preoperatively, but previous studies have not stratified patients not using opioids at the time of surgery according to history of opioid use. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that history of opioid use among patients not reporting opioid use at the time of surgery was independently associated with new persistent opioid use after surgery.

Using prospective perioperative data from the Analgesic Outcomes Study, we assessed outcomes of patients 18 years of age or older who underwent elective surgery between December 2015 and January 2019 and were not using opioids at the time of surgery. Patient self-reported outcome measures were collected on the day of surgery and at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. The primary outcome was new persistent opioid use, defined as continued opioid use 3 months after surgery. The primary explanatory variable was history of opioid use, which was categorized as no histfidence interval, 1.24 to 4.93]). Similarly, opioid prescription refill at 1 month after surgery was independently associated with history of non-continuous opioid use (adjusted odds ratio 1.6, [95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 2.24]), history of continuous opioid use (adjusted odds ratio 2.2, [95% confidence interval, 1.15 to 4.06]), and moderate to high alcohol use (adjusted odds ratio 1.7, [95% confidence interval, 1.18 to 2.48]).

Among patients not using opioids preoperatively, a history of opioid use was independently associated with new persistent opioid use after surgery, especially those with a history of continuous opioid use.
Among patients not using opioids preoperatively, a history of opioid use was independently associated with new persistent opioid use after surgery, especially those with a history of continuous opioid use.HHV-8 is an oncogenic Gammaherpesvirinae discovered in 1994 during the HIV pandemic. It is the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, and is also associated with the occurrence of several aggressive B lymphoproliferative disorders. Most of them occur in an immunosuppression setting, usually due to HIV infection. Multicentric HHV8-associated Castleman's disease and KSHV Inflammatory Cytokine Syndrome (KICS) are primarily reactive entities with prominent systemic features. They illustrate the cytokinic storm induced by HHV-8 in its cell host. On the other hand, HHV-8 can drive proliferation and lymphomagenesis of its plasmablastic cell host, and is associated with a risk to develop aggressive lymphomas with plasmacytic differenciation. Primary effusion lymphoma usually localizes in body cavities and may affect other extra-nodal sites ; its prognostic is poor. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma HHV-8, NOS affect more commonly nodes and blood and evolve from infected cell of HHV-8 associated Castleman disease. On the contrary, germinotropic lymphoproliferative disorders presents mainly as localized adenopathy with indolent course, and show polyclonality. Histology plays a key role in distinguishing these different entities and need expert reviewing, especially since they may be associated with each other. Besides lymphoproliferative disorders, HHV8 is associated with various hematological manifestations. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the presentation, diagnosis, and management of immunologic and hematologic complications associated with HHV-8.
Many endogenous and exogenous risk factors are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), but recent studies suggest that microbiome-derived ligands, play a role in the disease process. The goal of this study was to characterize the cellular response elicited in human microglia upon treatment with IFN-β and Fingolimod, two first line medications for the management of MS, and determine whether these treatments affect the response of microglial cells to an MS-associated bacterial ligand, Lipid 654.

HMC3 human microglial cells were treated with IFN-β or Fingolimod. Cytokine secretion was evaluated using a multiplex system, and microglia polarization was assessed by flow cytometry.

We observed that treatment with IFN-β or Fingolimod induced differential secretion of various pro-inflammatory cytokines. Upon cell stimulation with Lipid 654, we observed that IFN-β and Fingolimod decreased the secretion of M1-associated cytokines. Using flow cytometry, we observed that the decrease in inflammatory cytokine secretion was likely due to a containment of M1 phenotype of microglia after stimulation with Lipid 654.

Our findings provide new clues of still unknown mechanisms of action of IFN-β and Fingolimod in human microglia, which will prompt new avenues of research on the use of these therapies in the regulation of the inflammatory response in MS.
Our findings provide new clues of still unknown mechanisms of action of IFN-β and Fingolimod in human microglia, which will prompt new avenues of research on the use of these therapies in the regulation of the inflammatory response in MS.When diagnosing benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, extraocular muscle contraction and the nystagmus it causes, though recognized as an important indicator, is less commonly seen as a principal method of diagnosis. However, through determining the direction of resulting nystagmus during diagnostic tests such as the supine roll test and the Dix-Hallpike test, which semicircular canals are involved in individual cases of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo can be ascertained, in both cases involving only one semicircular canal or cases of multi-canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
The aim of the study is to assess safety, effectiveness, and potential advantages of CO₂ fiber laser during endoscopic endonasal surgery for the resection of sinonasal neoplasms. We present text, images, and videos to show our experience with this new device recently introduced in endoscopic endonasal surgery and as a potential tool for educational purpose.

Six patients affected by benign or malignant sinonasal tumors who underwent endoscopic resection between January and May 2021 were enrolled in the study. Surgical approach was conducted via standardized centripetal endonasal technique. During the surgery we evaluated instrument ergonomics, quality in section on both healthy tissue and tumor, coagulation, and bleeding control from major vessels.

In our experience, CO₂ fiber laser has proved to have good ergonomics, as well as to be a safe and effective tool for the resection of both neoplastic and healthy tissues. Cauterization was efficient only in vessels with average diameter lower than 1cm. Prolonged procedural time, costs, and necessity of learning-curve and expertise are possible drawbacks.

Co2-fiber laser is an effective tool which can aid the surgeon during endoscopic endonasal approach to sinonasal neoplasms.
Co2-fiber laser is an effective tool which can aid the surgeon during endoscopic endonasal approach to sinonasal neoplasms.
To analyze the macular microvascular (MMV) architecture, radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network and choriocapillaris using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) without systemic comorbidities.

The vessel densities (VDs) of the MMV, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters, choriocapillaris flow areas (CCFAs), RPC VDs, and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters were measured by OCT-A. Retinal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The SD-OCT and OCT-A measurements of 53 eyes of 30 SSc patients were compared with 61 eyes of 33 healthy controls.

In the MMV analysis, a decrease in the VDs of the superficial capillary plexus and an increase in the FAZ area, FAZ perimeter and non-flow area were detected in the SSc group compared to the controls (P=0.007, P=0.001, P=0.029, P=0.018, and P=0.039, respectively). While there was a decrease in SFCT, no change was found in CCFA (P=0.001 and P=0.902, respectively). The RPC analysis revealed a decrease in the VDs of all vessels for the entire area and the intradisc area, as well as the VDs of the small vessels for the intradisc area (P=0.021, P=0.001, and P=0.003, respectively). In the ONH analysis, there was an increase in the C/D area ratios and cup volumes, and a decrease in the rim areas and nasal quadrant retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (P=0.004, P=0.004, P=0.013, and P=0.032, respectively).

Decreases in RPC and MMV VDs and changes in ONH parameters were found in OCT-A measurements in patients with SSc.
Decreases in RPC and MMV VDs and changes in ONH parameters were found in OCT-A measurements in patients with SSc.Cardio-oncology is an emerging field that transformed the medical management of patients with cancer. It encompasses the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular toxicities related to cancer treatments, aiming to reduce cardiac adverse events among cancer survivors. Cardiovascular toxicities related to cancer treatments are described through data collected during phase I to phase III therapeutic trials, and post-marketing surveillance (phase IV). MALT1 inhibitor Pharmacovigilance analyses, based on datamining from these extensive databases, allowed to understanding and identifying new adverse drug reactions, some recently made available, such as immunotherapy or inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase (IBTK).Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) represent a new class of biological medicines. The European regulation has classified ATMPs into three categories gene therapy medicinal products, somatic cell therapy medicinal products, and Tissue-Engineered products. If one of these categories incorporates a medical device, the medicine is defined as a Combined ATMP. The specificity and complexity of these innovative drugs have required a complete reorganization of hospital and pharmaceutical circuits, from patient eligibility to drug administration. Indeed, increased interaction and collaboration between different healthcare professionals are essential in order to guarantee quality and safety of these innovative medicines.
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