Notes

Mechanistic observations straight into promoted dewaterability, blow drying behaviors as well as methane-producing prospective of waste materials triggered gunge through Fe2+-activated persulfate oxidation.
compliance among WWID, high injection and sexual risk behaviours in both gender-subgroups, especially in intimate relationships, suggests ongoing HCV and HIV-infection risks. Subgroup-variation in the NEP continuum of care warrants more gender-disaggregated research and tailoring gender-sensitive services may improve prevention, health and retention outcomes.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are challenging differential diagnoses of multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, there is uncertainty, whether to test all MS patients for corresponding antibodies. Our objective was to provide a systematic study on the frequency of MOG and Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) autoantibodies in MS patients to evaluate a possible risk of misclassification.

Retrospective study in MS patients (including an unselected cohort of patients diagnosed with MS, a cohort of patients with PPMS and a healthy control group) for seroprevalence of MOG and AQP4 autoantibodies by cell-based assay.

None of 241 patients with relapsing-remitting, 19 with secondary progressive and 82 with primary progressive MS revealed MOG or AQP4 autoantibodies.

General testing of MOG and AQP4 autoantibodies in MS patients seems not necessary, but should be limited to selected cases only.
General testing of MOG and AQP4 autoantibodies in MS patients seems not necessary, but should be limited to selected cases only.Chronic progressive neuro-Behçet's disease (CPNBD) is characterized by slowly progressive cognitive decline, cerebellar ataxia, and brainstem atrophy without acute encephalomeningitis. To evaluate the progression of CPNBD during treatment, we conducted a retrospective, longitudinal comparative analysis of the clinical features and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with CPNBD. We classified participants into three groups NBD with acute encephalomeningitis alone (Group A, 8 patients with acute neuro-Behçet's disease [ANBD]), primary progressive CPNBD (Group B, 3 patients), and a combination of acute encephalomeningitis, and chronic progression (Group C, 2 patients). Routine laboratory tests and monthly rate of enlargement of the width of the third ventricle (ΔWTVm) and relative value of ΔWTVm to the transverse cerebral diameter (ΔWTVIm) were statistically evaluated. Although higher cell count values and interleukin-6 concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid were observed in ANBD, both ΔWTVm (p = 0.008) and ΔWTVIm (p = 0.008) were significantly larger in CPNBD phase than in the ANBD phase. Effective treatment for CPNBD seemed to reduce ΔWTVm and ΔWTVIm in some patients. Sequential evaluation of WTV in patients with CPNBD is a highly sensitive candidate biomarker of early diagnosis and treatment efficacy.Neurologic complications of symptomatic COVID-19 are common. Brain tissues from 13 autopsies of people who died of COVID-19 were examined. Cultured endothelial and neuronal cells were incubated with and wild type mice were injected IV with different spike subunits. In situ analyses were used to detect SARS-CoV-2 proteins and the host response. In 13/13 brains from fatal COVID-19, pseudovirions (spike, envelope, and membrane proteins without viral RNA) were present in the endothelia of microvessels ranging from 0 to 14 positive cells/200× field (mean 4.3). The pseudovirions strongly co-localized with caspase-3, ACE2, IL6, TNFα, and C5b-9. The surrounding neurons demonstrated increased NMDAR2 and neuronal NOS plus decreased MFSD2a and SHIP1 proteins. Tail vein injection of the full length S1 spike subunit in mice led to neurologic signs (increased thirst, stressed behavior) not evident in those injected with the S2 subunit. The S1 subunit localized to the endothelia of microvessels in the mice brain and showed co-localization with caspase-3, ACE2, IL6, TNFα, and C5b-9. The surrounding neurons showed increased neuronal NOS and decreased MFSD2a. It is concluded that ACE2+ endothelial damage is a central part of SARS-CoV2 pathology and may be induced by the spike protein alone. Thus, the diagnostic pathologist can use either hematoxylin and eosin stain or immunohistochemistry for caspase 3 and ACE2 to document the endothelial cell damage of COVID-19.
This study aimed at providing original data on fungemia in the Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte in terms of prevalence, epidemiological characteristics of infected patients, yeast species distribution and profile of in vitro antifungals susceptibility.

A total of 223 positive blood cultures for yeasts were retrospectively reported during the period April 2010-April 2020.

Ninety-five episodes were identified corresponding to an incidence rate of 3.7 cases/100,000 inhabitants. The average age of patients was 33.5 years, and 63.3% patients were hospitalized in intensive care unit. The main co-morbidities were surgery in the 30 days prior to fungemia (27.8%), neoplasia (22.8%), parenteral nutrition (17.7%), diabetes (16.5%) and immunosuppressive medications (31.6%). Candida spp accounted for the majority of isolates (92.4%) with a predominance of non-albicans species (55.8% vs 33.7%), including C. albicans (33.7%), C.tropicalis (30.5%) and C.parapsilosis (20%). The antifungal susceptibility profiles did not diere identified. The management of candidemia remains satisfactory and the treatment was adapted according to the international recommendations. However, the high susceptibility of Candida spp. isolates to fluconazole may invite to reconsider the use of this molecule as empirical and first-line treatment of candidemia in Mayotte.This preliminary study investigated the potential correlations between trace elements (mercury, zinc, cadmium, copper, selenium, lead, nickel, chromium, lithium and vanadium) concentrations, measured in red blood cells, and oxidative stress biomarkers (total thiols, total glutathione, total and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidases, triglycerides, malondialdehyde) assessed in the respective serum, in males and females P. vitulina, sampled in the Wadden Sea in spring and autumn 2015. Only concentrations of total mercury and zinc showed significant differences by sex, and only lipid peroxidation was different by season. Moreover, significant positive and negative correlations were observed between biomarkers (triglycerides, thiols, malondialdehyde, glutathione) and trace element concentrations (copper, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc). These findings suggest that the studied biomarkers could be useful for the assessment of oxidative stress in harbour seals exposed to trace elements, but further research with larger sample sizes is needed to better understand their specific associations.The healthy status of corals in the isolated atolls of the central South China Sea (SCS) remains unclear. Symbiodiniaceae density (SD) can effectively reflect the thermal tolerance and health of hard corals. Here, the SDs of 238 samples from the Huangyan Atoll (HA) were analyzed. The results revealed significantly intergeneric and geomorphological differences in SD. Intergeneric variation may reflect that corals with high SD have stronger thermal tolerance. Geomorphic analysis showed that the SDs at the outer reef slope were higher than in the lagoon. Hydrodynamics and sea surface temperature were likely the main influencing factors. Most notably, corals in SCS HA had higher SDs than those at neighboring reefs, indicating that their thermal tolerance were strong, which may be related to HA's local upwelling. These results suggest that the HA has the potential to serve as a refuge for corals, but increasing human disturbance limit its function.In marine settings, anthropogenic disturbances and climate change increase the rate of biological invasions. Predicting still undescribed invasive alien species (IAS) is needed for preparing timely management responses. We tested a strategy for discovering new potential IAS using DNA in a trans-equatorial expedition onboard RV Polarstern. During one-month travel, species inside ballast water experienced oxygen depletion, warming, darkness and ammonium stress. Many organisms died but several phytoplankton and zooplankton survivors resisted and were detected through a robust combination of individual sampling, DNA barcoding and metabarcoding, new in ballast water studies. Ammonium was identified as an important influential factor to explain diversity changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton. Some species reproduced until the end of the travel. These species tolerant to travel stress could be targeted as potential IAS and prioritized for designing control measures. Introducing resistance to travel stress in biosecurity risk analysis would be recommended.The concentrations of Platinum (Pt), Rhodium (Rh) and Palladium (Pd) were evaluated from a highly impacted estuary in Brazil influenced by industrial pole, highway traffic and sewage outfall. The Santos-São Vicente region presents important economic activities derived from a largest harbor of Latin America and an industrial pole surrounded by intensive highway traffic. Values of Rh varied from 0.08 to 1.7 ng g-1 with highest values at stations impacted by domestic waste. Pt ranged from 0.15 to 40.3 ng g-1 with highest concentrations located close to the ferryboat traffic. Pd levels varied from 1.05 to 22.0 ng g-1 with values >5 ng g-1 in 50% of the stations. The spatial distribution of PGEs was not always directly associated with muddy sediments, because high PGE levels found even in sandy sediments. Pollution indexes, including anthropogenic factor (AF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), Enrichment factor (EF), and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were used for evaluating contaminant potential. Based on EF, Igeo, and PLI, 50% of samples of the sediments from Santos-São Vicente Estuarine System (SSV) were classified with significant to strong PGE contamination. All stations on the Santos Channel (SC), São Vicente Channel (SVC) and Bertioga Channel (BC) had AF higher than 80% in at least one of PGE elements, as showed in station 2A, which presented AF less then 50% for Rh and Pd and 86% for Pt. TBPM-PI Despite high anthropogenic enrichment, no correlations among PGE elements were observed in surface sediments. Only two stations presented Pd/Pt, Pt/Rh, and Pd/Rh typical ratios of auto catalyst (st. 14 and Piaçaguera) both located in the vicinity of highways. This could be due to the PGE deposition process in road dust, soil, and water as well as the biogeochemical cycling of PGEs involving organic metallic and inorganic complexes formed in the estuarine and seawaters.We evaluated the resilience of the zooplankton community to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the northeast Gulf of Mexico, by assessing abundance, biomass, spatial distribution, species composition, and diversity indices during spring, summer, and winter, May 2010 to August 2014. SEAMAP samples collected between spring and summer 2005-2009 were analyzed as a baseline. Our results did not indicate that there was a long-term impact from the oil spill, but did demonstrate that environmental variability and riverine processes strongly governed zooplankton community dynamics. Zooplankton abundances during the oil spill (spring 2010) were not significantly different from abundances during spring 2011 and 2012. Summer 2010 abundances were the highest observed for the 2005 to 2014 period, due to high river discharge, high chlorophyll, and aggregation in eddies. High densities of the dinoflagellate, Noctiluca, during the oil spill, and the copepod, Centropages velificatus, and larvaceans in all years, suggest that these taxa warrant further investigation.
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