Notes

Accuracy involving anterior denture the teeth plans regarding CAD-CAM comprehensive detachable dental care prostheses made out of any enamel mildew template.
This study examines speech production accuracy in children with Down syndrome and concurrent relationships with hearing, language and reading ability. It also examines change in speech production accuracy over a 21-month period.

A group of 50 children with Down syndrome (aged 5-10years) completed measures of speech accuracy, non-verbal IQ, reading (single-word reading, letter-sound knowledge and phoneme blending) and language (expressive and receptive vocabulary and receptive grammar). Hearing was assessed by parental report. Speech accuracy was reassessed 21months later.

Although there was considerable variability in the sample, speech was characterised by high levels of errors. There were no effects of gender, hearing status or non-verbal IQ on speech production accuracy. In contrast, speech production accuracy was significantly related to age and to measures of receptive vocabulary, phoneme blending and word reading. There was no significant improvement in speech production accuracy over time.

Children with Down syndrome experience difficulties producing accurate sounds in speech. These difficulties are related to age and to vocabulary and reading skills and persist over time, highlighting the need for intensive targeted speech intervention in this group of children.
Children with Down syndrome experience difficulties producing accurate sounds in speech. These difficulties are related to age and to vocabulary and reading skills and persist over time, highlighting the need for intensive targeted speech intervention in this group of children.The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Nano-Se against nickel (Ni)-induced hepatotoxicity and the potential mechanism. Hence, we constructed in vivo and in vitro models of Ni-induced hepatotoxicity. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to nickel sulfate (NiSO4 , 5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) with or without Nano-Se (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg, oral gavage) co-administration for 14 days, and HepG2 cells were exposed to NiSO4 (1500 μM) with or without Nano-Se (20 μM) for 24 h. Nano-Se obviously prevented Ni-induced hepatotoxicity indicated by ameliorating pathological change and decreasing Ni accumulation in rat livers. Ni induced a significant increase in hepatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, decreased the glutathione (GSH) content while compared to those in the control group. Nano-Se administration improved the hepatic antioxidant capacity through increase hepatic GSH contents and GSH-Px activity, decrease the activities of SOD, CAT, and MDA level. Nano-Se improved the cell viability, decreased active oxygen (ROS) generation and ameliorated morphological changes of nuclear structures in Ni-treated HepG2 cells. In addition, Nano-Se inhibited the Ni-induced increases of cytochrome c, caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, increased PI3K and AKT phosphorylation both in vivo and in vitro. Besides, the PI3K inhibitor Y294002 could inhibit the protective effects of Nano-Se on apoptosis. Thus, Nano-Se significantly activates PI3K/AKT signaling to ameliorate apoptosis in Ni-induced hepatotoxicity.
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been many changes in the presenting complaints in paediatric emergency departments (EDs). We sought to characterise the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on bicycle-related injuries in children presenting to a tertiary care paediatric ED.

We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study of ED visits to a large urban tertiary children's hospital, comparing March to October 2020 (the study period) to the same date range 2 years prior (i.e. March to October 2018-2019). We included children 0-17.99 years presenting for a bicycle-related injury. We compared absolute visit counts of bike injuries per month, demographics, triage acuity, injury type and disposition.

A total of 1215 bike-related visits were analysed. There were 234 presentations in 2018 (March to October), 305 in 2019, and 676 in 2020. Overall, the mean age was 9.5 years (standard deviation 5.5-13.5), there were 67% males, median Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale score was 3 (interquartile range 3-4) and the most common injuries were fractures (n= 471, 38.8%). There were significantly more bike injuries presenting to the ED per month in the COVID group, 33.7(17.9) versus 84.5(61.4) (two-tailed P value=0.041). There was no statistical difference in 'severe injuries' pre- versus post-COVID (odds ratio 0.815 (95% confidence interval 0.611-1.088), P= 0.165).

There was a significant increase in bicycle-related injuries presenting to our ED during the pandemic, compared to previous years. Evaluating these trends will allow for the exploration of harm reduction strategies for preventing future bicycle-related injuries.
There was a significant increase in bicycle-related injuries presenting to our ED during the pandemic, compared to previous years. Evaluating these trends will allow for the exploration of harm reduction strategies for preventing future bicycle-related injuries.Polylactic acid (PLA) is a prominent biomaterial for plentiful applications in medicine and industry. The main goal of using this new material is replacing polymers based on petrochemical. Different thermal and structural properties of PLA fibers were studied after the thermal treatment using two different conditions (taut and free ends). Different techniques were used to study the effect of the thermal treatment conditions on the crystallinity and molecular orientations for PLA fibers such as differential scanning calorimetry technique, X-ray diffraction technique, and polarized light microscopy. The impact of the thermal annealing treatment on both the crystallinity and crystalline orientation was calculated. In case of taut ends thermal annealing treatment method, the measured parameters were higher than the case of free ends thermal annealing condition. The oriented segment relaxation due to the thermal annealing results an increase in the crystallinity values, but it does not indicate that the molecular orientation will be high. Results showed that the orientation of crystal and crystallinity was improved after thermal treatment. The taut conditions of annealing show significant improvement of crystallinity than free conditions.This study aims at evaluating the efficacy and safety of ozone therapy for chronic wounds. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) about participants with chronic wounds were included. Risk of bias assessment was performed by the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. A randomised-effects model was applied to pool results according to the types of wounds or ulcers. Among 12 included studies, ozone was implemented by topical application (ozone gas bath, ozonated oil, ozone water flushing) and systematic applications including autologous blood immunomodulation and rectal insufflation. The results indicated compared with standard control therapy for diabetic foot ulcers, ozone therapy regardless of monotherapy or combined control treatment markedly accelerated the improvement of the wound area(standardised mean difference(SMD) = 66.54%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [46.18,86.90], P  less then  .00001) and reduced the amputation rate (risk ration (RR) = 0.36, 95% CI = [0.24,0.54], P  less then  .00001). But there is no improvement in the proportion of participants with completely healed wounds and length of hospital stay. No adverse events associated with ozone treatment have been reported. And the efficacy of ozone therapy for other wound types is still uncertain because of no sufficient studies. More high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of ozone therapy for chronic wounds or ulcers.Piezocatalysis, a new-emerging catalysis technology relying on catalyst's piezopotential and piezoelectric property, is attracting unprecedented research enthusiasm for applications in energy conversion, organic synthesis, and environmental remediation. Despite the rapid development in the past three years, the mechanism for piezocatalysis is still in debate. A fundamental understanding of the working principles should be enhanced to further advance this technology for future piezocatalysts design and system optimization. In this article, we review the two popular theories to explain the observed piezocatalysis in terms of the energy band theory and the screening charge effect. A comprehensive discussion and clarification of the difference, relevance, evidence and contradiction of the two mechanisms is provided. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of the future mechanic study are put forward. Hopefully, this review can help readers to gain a better understanding and to start quickly in applying piezocatalysis to their own research.MR-guided radiotherapy requires strong imaging spatial integrity to deliver high quality plans and provide accurate dose calculation. The MRI system, however, can be compromised by the integrated linear accelerator (Linac), resulting in inaccurate imaging isocenter position and geometric distortion. Dependence on gantry position further complicates the correction of distortions. This work presents a new clinical application of a commercial phantom and software system that quantifies isocenter alignment and geometric distortion, as well as providing a deformation vector field (DVF). A large distortion phantom and a smaller grid phantom were imaged at multiple gantry angles from 0 to 330° on a 0.35 T integrated MR-Linac. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine The software package was used to assess geometric distortion and generate DVFs to correct distortions within the phantom volume. The DVFs were applied to the grid phantom with resampling software then evaluated using structural similarity index measure (SSIM). Scans were also performed with a ferromagnetic clip near the phantom to investigate the correction of more severe artifacts. The mean magnitude isocenter shift was 0.67 mm, ranging from 0.25 to 1.04 mm across all angles. The DVF had a mean component value of 0.27 ± 0.02, 0.24 ± 0.01, and 0.19 ± 0.01 mm in the right-left (RL), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI) directions. The ferromagnetic clip increased isocenter position error from 1.98 mm to 2.20 mm and increased mean DVF component values in the RL and AP directions. The resampled grid phantom had an increased SSIM for all gantry angles compared to original images, increasing from 0.26 ± 0.001 to 0.70 ± 0.004. Through this clinical assessment, we were able to correct geometric distortion and isocenter shift related to gantry position on a 0.35 T MR-Linac using the distortion phantom and software package. This provides encouragement that it could be used for quality assurance and clinically to correct systematic distortion caused by imaging at different gantry angles.
Professional practice environment is a concept comprising autonomy, teamwork and professional motivation.

We aimed to validate and demonstrate the reliability of the Turkish version of the Revised Professional Practice Environment Scale in this study.

The study has a methodological design with a sample of 306 nurses working in university hospitals located in two different regions in Turkey. The data of the study were collected between July 2019 and January 2020 using introductory information form and the Revised Professional Practice Environment Scale. In the analysis of the data, Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient was employed using SPSS 22.0 and Amos 23.0, whereas exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were applied to test the construct validity.

The Cronbach alpha value obtained for the whole scale was 0.89, ranging between 0.68 and 0.86 for the subscales. RMSEA, SRMR, GFI and χ
/df, which account for the fit indices of the 29-item and 6-factor structure of the scale, were at an acceptable level.
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