Notes

Quality of life associated with Household Wellness Method pros: a systematic assessment.
The dynamic plantar pressure patterns of children and adolescents with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease and its relationship to musculoskeletal alterations may help to understand the natural history of the disease and improve therapeutic interventions.

The study compared dynamic plantar pressure patterns in children and adolescents with and without CMT. It also tested the associations between isometric muscle strength (IMS), passive range of motion (ROM), foot posture and dynamic plantar pressure patterns in CMT.

This cross-sectional study compared children and adolescents (aged 8-18 years) with CMT (n = 40) with a typical group (n = 40). The plantar pressure distribution during gait was recorded, and the contact area (CA), peak pressure (PP), contact time (CT) and pressure-time integral (PTI) in five foot regions (rearfoot, midfoot lateral, midfoot medial, lateral forefoot and medial forefoot) were analysed. The IMS of the dorsiflexors and plantar flexors, passive ROM, and foot posture were also recornformation together with the associations established between supinated foot, dorsiflexion ROM and plantar flexions IMS can be useful for guiding rehabilitation professionals in their therapies.
Limited passive ankle dorsiflexion range has been associated with increased knee valgus during functional tasks. Increased knee valgus is considered a contributing factor for musculoskeletal disorders in the lower limb. There is conflicting evidence supporting this association. The extent of passive ankle dorsiflexion range is associated with dynamic ankle dorsiflexion range and the way how these variables are related to lower limb or trunk kinematics is unclear.

What is the association between passive ankle dorsiflexion range or dynamic ankle dorsiflexion range with shank, thigh, pelvis or trunk movements during the single-leg squat?

This is a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample. Thirty uninjured participants performed the single-leg squat with their dominant limb. Ankle, shank, thigh, pelvis and trunk 3D kinematics were recorded. Passive ankle dorsiflexion range was assessed through the weight-bearing lunge test and the dynamic ankle dorsiflexion range was defined as the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in the sagittal plane during the single-leg squat.

Greater passive ankle dorsiflexion range was associated with smaller thigh internal rotation (r= -0.38). Greater dynamic ankle dorsiflexion range was associated with smaller trunk flexion (r = 0.59) and pelvis anteversion (r= -0.47). Passive ankle dorsiflexion range and dynamic ankle dorsiflexion range were not associated.

Greater passive ankle dorsiflexion range seems to be associated with a better lower limb alignment during the single-leg squat, while dynamic ankle dorsiflexion range seems to reflect different lower limb and trunk kinematic strategies.
Greater passive ankle dorsiflexion range seems to be associated with a better lower limb alignment during the single-leg squat, while dynamic ankle dorsiflexion range seems to reflect different lower limb and trunk kinematic strategies.All photobiological events depend on the wavelength of the incident radiation. In real-life situations and in the vast majority of laboratory experiments, exposure always involves sources with various emission spectra spreading over a wide wavelength range. Action spectra are often used to describe the efficiency of a process at different wavelengths and to predict the effects of a given light source by summation of the individual effects at each wavelength. However, a full understanding of the biological effects of complex sources requires more than considering these concomitant events at each specific wavelength. Indeed, photons of different energies may not have additive but synergistic or inhibitory effects on photochemical processes and cellular responses. The evolution of a photobiological response with post-irradiation time must also be considered. These two aspects may represent some limitations to the use of action spectra. The present review, focused on mammalian cells, illustrates the concept of action spectrum and discusses its drawbacks using theoretical considerations and examples taken from the literature. Emphasis is placed on genotoxicity for which wavelength effects have been extensively studied. Other effects of UV exposure are also mentioned.Near-infrared (NIR) probes are applicable for tumor imaging due to deep tissue penetration and low background signal. And cyanine dyes with long emission wavelength are excellent fluorophores to develop NIR probes. However, the aggregation of cyanine dyes in aqueous solution reduces the utilization of light. To solve this problem, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was introduced into the probes to reduce their aggregation. In our work, two new NIR probes G1 and G2 were designed and prepared by conjugating the cyanine dye G0 with Biotin-PEG5-Azide. The conjugated biotin could enhance the target specificity of probes. And the photophysical and photochemical parameters demonstrated that G1 and G2 had a reduced aggregation tendency. In vitro fluorescence imaging proved that these two probes could be specifically taken up by HeLa cells, and in vivo imaging demonstrated that these two probes could specifically target tumors with large tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratios. All these results indicated that G1 and G2 are promising NIR fluorescent contrast agents for tumor-specific imaging.Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection efficiency by low-pressure (LP) mercury lamp depends on the UV fluence (dose) the product of incident irradiance (fluence rate) and exposure time, with correction factors. Time-dose reciprocity may not always apply, as higher UV-LP inactivation of E. coli was obtained at a higher irradiance over shorter exposure time, for the same UV fluence. Disinfection by UV LEDs is limited by low radiant flux compared to mercury LP lamps. Our goal was to determine the UV-LED time-dose reciprocity of E. coli for four different central LED wavelengths (265, 275, 285 and 295 nm) under different fluence rates. Inactivation kinetics determined at UV-LED265 was not affected by the fluence rate or exposure time for a given UV fluence. In contrast, UV-LED275, UV-LED285, and UV-LED295 led to higher inactivation at low fluence rate coupled to high exposure time, for the same UV fluence. The intracellular damage mechanisms for each LED central wavelength were determined by using the bioreporters RecA as an indicator of bacterial DNA damage and SoxS as an indicator of oxidative stress. For 265 nm, higher DNA damage was observed, whereas for 285 and 295 nm, higher oxidative stress (possibly due to reactive oxygen species [ROS] damage) was observed. ROS inactivation of E. coli was predicted to be more effective when keeping the ROS concentration low but allowing longer exposure, for a given UV fluence.Reminiscent to the microbiota-gut-brain axis described in animals, recent advances indicate that plants can take advantage of belowground microbial commensals to orchestrate aboveground stress responses. Integration of plant responses to microbial cues belowground and environmental cues aboveground emerges as a mechanism that promotes stress tolerance in plants. Using recent examples obtained from reductionist and community-level approaches, we discuss the extent to which perception of aboveground biotic and abiotic stresses can cascade along the shoot-root axis to sculpt root microbiota assembly and modulate the growth of root commensals that bolster aboveground stress tolerance. We propose that host modulation of microbiota-root-shoot circuits contributes to phenotypic plasticity and decision-making in plants, thereby promoting adaptation to rapidly changing environmental conditions.
Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high mortality and high morbidity, including seizures. Seizure prophylaxis is "not recommended" by the American Stroke Association, but practice variation still exists due to inconclusive data. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the current relevant literature to determine the efficacy of seizure prophylaxis following ICH.

We performed searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase up to September 15, 2020. We included observational and randomized controlled studies reporting seizure prophylaxis and occurrence in adults with ICH. Outcomes were seizures, as defined by the authors, within 14 days of ICH and at the longest point of follow-up. We used random-effects models to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for seizure prophylaxis and outcomes. The PROSPERO registration was CRD42019140493.

We included 8 studies (2852 patients) in our analysis. The mean (± standard deviation) age of the pooled patients was 65 (±4) years; 39 % (± 5%) were female. Telratolimod in vivo Seizure prophylaxis did not prevent seizures at the longest follow-up time (OR 0.708, 95 % CI 0.438-1.143, p = 0.158, I2 = 34 %). This result was confirmed in subgroup analyses using categorical variables and in meta-regressions using continuous variables. Additionally, seizure prophylaxis was not associated with preventing early seizures, defined as < 14 days of ICH (OR 0.66, 95 % CI 0.21-2.08, p = 0.48, I2 = 35 %).

Seizure prophylaxis following ICH was not associated with seizure prevention in adults. Most included studies were observational. Further randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of seizure prophylaxis in high-risk patients and different types of antiepileptic drugs are needed.
Seizure prophylaxis following ICH was not associated with seizure prevention in adults. Most included studies were observational. Further randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of seizure prophylaxis in high-risk patients and different types of antiepileptic drugs are needed.
Approximately one-third of epilepsy patients suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy. The gut microbiome, which is the total genetic makeup of all of the total microbes inhabiting the gut, can affect the CNS through various mechanisms. However, there are only limited studies about the relationship between the gut microbiome and epilepsy. We investigated the composition and characteristics of the gut microbiota among adult patients who have drug-responsive and drug-resistant epilepsy.

We prospectively included 44 adult epilepsy patients and classified them into drug-responsive and drug-resistant groups. We collected fecal samples for the next-generation sequencing analysis. We statistically estimated the bacterial differences and alpha and beta diversities in each category.

Although there was no difference in demographic factors between the drug-responsive and drug-resistant groups, there was a significant difference in the composition of the gut microbiota. While the relative abundance of Bacteroides finegoreatment response in epilepsy patients. In addition, modification of gut microbiome can be an effective treatment strategy for patient with drug-resistant epilepsy.
Neuromagnetic high frequency brain signals (HFBS, > 80 Hz) are a new biomarker for localization of epileptogenic zones (EZs) for pediatric epilepsy.

Twenty three children with drug-resistant epilepsy and age/sex matched healthy controls were studied with magnetoencephalography (MEG). Epileptic HFBS in 80-250 Hz and 250-600 Hz were quantitatively determined by comparing with normative controls in terms of kurtosis and skewness. Magnetic sources of epileptic HFBS were localized and then compared to clinical EZs determined by invasive recordings and surgical outcomes.

Kurtosis and skewness of HFBS were significantly elevated in epilepsy patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0,001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Sources of elevated MEG signals in comparison to normative data were co-localized to EZs for 22 (22/23, 96 %) patients.

The results indicate, for the first time, that epileptic HFBS can be noninvasively quantified by measuring kurtosis and skewness in MEG data. Magnetic source imaging based on kurtosis and skewness can accurately localize EZs.
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