Notes

Discerning removing lignin together with salt chlorite to further improve the quality and antioxidising exercise of xylo-oligosaccharides via lignocellulosic bio-mass.
Since the publication of the reports of the Institute of medicine "To Err is to Human" and "Crossing the Quality Chasm" considerable attention in medical organizations all over the world is paid to improving quality medical care and safety of patients. The improvement of quality can consolidate health care delivery systems, improve efficiency of health sector and accelerate achievement of health-related goals. Therefore, quality improvement nowadays occupies meaningful position in health care policy programs in countries with different income levels.The article considers structural changes occurring in market of medical services and market of medical equipment that conditioned formation and development of new type of medical services - medical tourism, intensively altering national economics and impacting international relations. The statistical and analytical data is presented, including results of surveys of citizens of various countries, expertise evaluations permitting to come to conclusions about problems and perspectives of development of international tourism both at national and global levels.The population awareness about merits of mandatory medical insurance (MMI) continues to be inadequate. The study purpose was to investigate opinion of Moscow Oblast residents about MMI system. Selleck Leukadherin-1 The sociological survey was carried out according standard technique using specially developed genuine questionnaire. The public opinion was studied in 2013 (584 respondents) and 2017 (709 respondents) on the basis of sampling of visitors of medical organizations. The survey established that percentage of positive responses of respondents concerning their awareness about which medical insurance company they belong slightly increased in 2017. However, every thirteenth still was unaware of it. Only every sixth respondent addresses to insurance company when occur problems related to medical care support. The right to choose insurance company, medical organization and physician was used by 17-22% of respondents in both surveys. In 2013 20% of respondents addressed nowhere due to absence of problems with health services support. In 2017, number of addresses to administrations of medical institutions increased up to 35%. The number of addresses to insurance companies and MMI foundations increased up to 13% and 27% correspondingly. The percentage of respondents with positive answers about being constrained to pay for medical services unofficially decreased up to 18% in 4 years and reached 12,6% in all sampling. Thus, activities concerning population information about changes occurring in health care system, including development of citizen rights is inadequate still. The citizens in number of cases are not interested to obtain necessary information and ignore it down to name of insurance company mentioned on their insurance policy.The results of scientific research can be trusted when initial data is processed properly. To watch out quality of data is the most important in those research studies that provide their results to Russian health care officials for management decision-making that effect medical care support on national scale. The financial support of science within the framework of public contracts turns out less efficient when deductions are based on unreliably collected, altered or omitted information. When electronic systems are applied in data collection, they are to meet definite requirements. There are several international documents defining requirements to electronic systems collecting and processing information in medical scientific research. In the Russian Federation, such requirements are absent. The solution of this problem is in gradual implementation of common international standards into practice of collecting research data initially through researchers' training and then through Russian regulatory documentation amendment.OBJECTIVES To explore the prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) among working Australian adults and examine whether workplace effort-reward imbalance is associated with TMD. METHOD Data were from Australia's National Survey of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH) 2004-06, a cross-sectional stratified clustered sample of Australian adults. The NSAOH data included information from a Computer Assisted Telephone Interview, self-complete questionnaire and oral epidemiological examination. Data included demographics, socio-economic characteristics, caries experience, diagnostic criteria for TMD, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and a modified version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance instrument (ERI) where ERI ratio is the weighted ratio of workplace effort/reward subscales. Subpopulation analysis for working adults was conducted including complex sample descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS NSAOH had 4014 participants with 2329 (65.1%, SE=1.3%) working adults included in the subpopulation analysis. Among working adults, TMD prevalence was 9.4% (SE=1.0%), which was slightly less than population prevalence (PR=9.9%, SE=0.8%), and was higher for females (PR=12.4%, SE=1.4%), people aged ⟨35 years (PR=11.2%, SE=2.2%) and uninsured (PR=11.8%, SE=1.7%). TMD prevalence was associated with the ERI ratio (OR=2.5, 95% CI 1.3-4.5) and PSS scores (OR=1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.09) in bi-variate associations. In multivariable logistic regression, TMD was associated with being female (OR=2.1, 95% CI1.3-3.6), university qualified (OR=0.43, 95%CI 0.21-0.88) and with the ERI ratio (OR=2.63, 95% CI 1.47-4.72). CONCLUSION Greater effort-reward imbalance in the workplace is a psychosocial risk factor for TMD. This finding might need to be considered by clinicians managing TMD patients with need for investigating the efficacy of workplace stress management interventions. Copyright© 2020 Dennis Barber Ltd.In 2014, the Public Dental Health Service in Södra Ryd, Skövde, started a collaboration at the local family centre with the aim of performing health-promoting activities. Personnel at the family centre can play an important role in promoting children's health, including oral health, by testing preventive guidance. OBJECTIVES To describe the personnel's experience of collaboration. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN Qualitative interviews with transcripts analysed using the phenomenographic approach. PARTICIPANTS Seven staff with experience of collaboration. All were female, aged 34-62 and were dental nurses, child health-care nurses, preschool teacher or family centre co-ordinators. RESULTS Three themes describing personnel's experience of collaboration at the family centre emerged Collaboration produces an holistic approach, Co-location creates added value and Working methods result in development. Each theme was represented by three to four categories that represent different conceptions of collaboration at a family centre. CONCLUSIONS The staff had found that the way of working was positive, mainly because it gave an increased overall view and that the co-location created added value. It also created development through mutual learning and new methods. However, it took time to establish collaboration and required permissive leadership.%, SE=2.2%) and uninsured (PR=11.8%, SE=1.7%). TMD prevalence was associated with the ERI ratio (OR=2.5, 95% CI 1.3-4.5) and PSS scores (OR=1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.09) in bi-variate associations. In multivariable logistic regression, TMD was associated with being female (OR=2.1, 95% CI1.3-3.6), university qualified (OR=0.43, 95%CI 0.21-0.88) and with the ERI ratio (OR=2.63, 95% CI 1.47-4.72). CONCLUSION Greater effort-reward imbalance in the workplace is a psychosocial risk factor for TMD. This finding might need to be considered by clinicians managing TMD patients with need for investigating the efficacy of workplace stress management interventions. Copyright© 2020 Dennis Barber Ltd.BACKGROUND Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) affect up to 50% of the population. Chronic TMD may have a significant impact on patients' quality of life and is associated with a significant cost burden to health services. AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of TMD in Greater Manchester and to determine the most appropriate setting for its management. METHODS Data were retrospectively collected on the demographics, symptoms and management provided to patients referred for TMD. RESULTS There were 789 referrals analysed; 616 to a Tertiary Centre and 173 to a District General Hospital (DGH). The most common reason for referral was pain (82%), followed by limitation in opening (55%) and clicks or sounds (44%). 27% of referrals were managed with a splint and 12% were provided with advice or a patient information leaflet prior to referral. DISCUSSION The effect of chronic pain on patients' quality of life and the cost burden of its management compels us to review current practices in referral and management of TMD. Barriers to provision of treatment in primary care may include a lack of training, remuneration or confidence. These may be overcome with the development of self-care plans for patients and a care pathway for practitioners. CONCLUSION Based on existing evidence, timely and conservative management of TMD should be encouraged in primary care, enabling better outcomes to be achieved for patients and the maintenance of the experience and skill level of specialist services in secondary care. Copyright© 2020 Dennis Barber Ltd.Gastric cancer (GC) is a common tumor with a low 5-year survival rate. The chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) protein contributes to the progression and prognosis of GC, but the relationship between CXCR4 and immune infiltration, somatic copy number alteration (SCNA), tumor purity, tumor mutation burden (TMB), cytolytic activity (CYT), and drug sensitivity in GC is poorly understood. This study aimed to systematically explore the role of CXCR4 in GC. Microarray and RNA-seq data were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Our analysis shows that CXCR4 is correlated with various types of immune cells. Patients with high CXCR4 expression had a higher fraction of B cells and CD8+ T cells, and a lower fraction of CD4+ T cells. In addition, high CXCR4 expression was associated with more advanced tumor stage, worse prognosis and higher stromal score, immune score, and cytolytic activity (P less then 0.05). High CXCR4 expression also correlated with lower tumor purity and TMB. In summary, our analyses suggest that CXCR4 may affect the progression and prognosis of GC by influencing immune infiltration, TMB, CYT, tumor purity, and drug sensitivity. © 2020 The Authors. Published by FEBS Press and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Polychaete worms are widespread and diverse in marine and estuarine habitats subject to varying salinity, in areas influenced by tides, demanding physiological adjustment for internal homeostasis. They are typically considered and reported to be osmoconformers, but they are not often studied for their osmoregulation. Here, three species of polychaete worms from distinct coastal habitats have been investigated the spionid Scolelepis goodbody (intertidal in saline, exposed sandy beaches), the nereidid Laeonereis culveri (estuarine polyhaline), and the nephtyid Nephtys fluviatilis (estuarine oligohaline). The general objective here was to relate ecological aspects and physiology of the studied species. Constitutive whole body osmolality and carbonic anhydrase activity (CAA, relevant for osmoregulation, acid-base balance and respiration) have been assayed. In addition, cell volume regulatory capacity (from whole body cell dissociation) was challenged under hypoosmotic and hyperosmotic shocks (50% intensity), with respect to isosmotic control.
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