Notes

The actual difficulty regarding the diagnosis of numerical complications within a typically lower performing populace.
99%. Knowledge and attitude toward breast cancer screening were 78.67% and 71.10%, respectively. Most reviewed studies showed a significant association of the knowledge of breast cancer with the education level, marital status, and age of study participants.

Majority of the population knew about breast cancer and had low percentage for practice of screening methods. Programs on information about breast cancer are required. Women from all populations need to be motivated for positive change toward proper screening, early detection, and treatment of breast cancer.
Majority of the population knew about breast cancer and had low percentage for practice of screening methods. Programs on information about breast cancer are required. Women from all populations need to be motivated for positive change toward proper screening, early detection, and treatment of breast cancer.Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a distinct T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving both nodal and extra-nodal sites with a specific anaplastic lymphoma kinase 1 (ALK-1) gene rearrangement. The commonly involved extranodal sites include skin, bone, soft tissue, lungs, and liver. ALCL primarily involving gastrointestinal (GI) tract is rare. In this manuscript, we describe a case of primary esophageal ALK1 positive-ALCL (null phenotype) in a young female, who presented with fleshy mucosal lesion in the lower third of the esophagus and present a systematic review of 35 cases of GI-ALCL reported in the English literature over the past 28 years (1990-2018) with regard to the clinicopathological characteristics, therapy, and outcome.We describe a case of ALK1 negative (-) pulmonary anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (pALCL) in an adult female with an unfavorable outcome following combination chemotherapy and present a systematic review of 39 such sporadic cases reported over the past 28 years (1990-2018). pALCL occurred in 26 males and 13 females (median age, 43 years [5-81]) and 13/39 (33.33%) were ≤18 years. The lesions were endobronchial in 21 (53.85%) and parenchymal in 18 (46.15%) cases. Twenty-six cases were ALK1-; 13 were ALK1+ (positive); and 27/34 cases had a T cell phenotype (where tested). ALK- cases were characterized by higher age (P = 0.012) at presentation, more B symptoms (P = 0.002), and more parenchymal than endobronchial lesions (P = 0.039). The median survival (N = 29/39) was 60 months; pediatric group had a better survival than adult/elderly group (log-rank, P = 0.026). pALCL is rare and may have a distinct biological behavior.
Hirschsprung disease is a notable cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction and constipation in older children. Transanal endorectal pull through (TEPT) is a newer technique of definitive management as against staged procedures. The aim of our study is to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of the procedure in selected children with Hirschsprung disease managed by this technique with review of the literature.

Medical records of 12 children who underwent single-stage TEPT in a tertiary care centre over a period of 3 years from 2015 to 2018 were reviewed and retrospectively analysed on the basis of age, investigations, intraoperative parameters, complications, functional outcome and hospital stay.

The median age at surgery was 9 months. Nine patients were boys. The median weight of patients was 7.5 kg. The transition zone was observed at the level of the rectosigmoid in eight patients (66.6%) and sigmoid colon in four patients (33.3%). The mean length of muscle cuff was 3 cm, the mean length of resected bowel was 25 cm, the median operative time was 105 min and the mean hospital stay was 8 days. Perianal excoriation (n = 2) and enterocolitis (n = 1) were complications encountered postoperatively; however, no patient had cuff abscess, anastomotic leak or stricture. NVP-BSK805 JAK inhibitor Stool frequency initially at 2 weeks was average of six to ten times a day, which gradually reduced to two to three times a day by 3 months postoperatively. None of the patients had faecal soiling or constipation on follow-up.

Single-stage transanal endorectal pull through is an effective technique in the management of Hirschsprung disease with minimal complications.
Single-stage transanal endorectal pull through is an effective technique in the management of Hirschsprung disease with minimal complications.
Previous studies demonstrated faster correction of metabolic derangement associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis with pre-operative intravenous (IV) histamine-2 receptor antagonists.

We investigated if similar outcomes are achieved with IV pantoprazole, a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI), including the subgroup of delayed presenters in the South African setting.

A 5-year retrospective record review (January 2014-December 2018) compared the rate of metabolic correction in patients with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis at two tertiary centres.

One centre routinely administers IV pantoprazole (1 mg/kg daily) preoperatively (PPI group) and the other does not (non-PPI group). Fluid administration, chloride supplementation and post-operative emesis were evaluated.

Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to calculate statistical significance for discrete dependent variables. Continuous variables were compared between the groups using the Student t-test. Fisher's exact contingency tables were used tonts, and in profound hypochloraemia, the correction occurred substantially faster in the PPI group. Post-operative emesis was significantly less frequent in the PPI group.
Gastroschisis (GS) and omphalocele (OC) are congenital abdominal wall defects, the main difference between is the direct exposure of intestinal loops in amniotic fluid in children with a GS. This leads to a reduced primary closure rate and a higher number of intraoperative abnormalities and post-operative complications.

We analysed abdominal wall defect patients over an 11-year period, aiming to assess the influence of meconium-contaminated amniotic fluid. This study has different objectives to show the consequence of functional outcome of abdominal wall defects (AWD) children in reliance to colour of amniotic fluid, to assess the effect of reduced bowel exposure time to meconium contaminated amniotic fluid on edematous inflammatory thickening of the bowel loops, to show an positively influence in the number of primary AWD closures, to demonstrate a reduced incidence of post-natal complications and to verify a better outcome of OC children because of failing exposure to amniotic fluid.

A retrospective, uid due to swollen intestines and because of this more post-surgical problem including significantly extended hospital stays were observed.
As a result of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, more than 28 million planned surgeries worldwide could be cancelled leading to patients facing long waiting period for their treatment. The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) has spread to more than 220 countries around the world and has almost stopped all routine surgical work. In children, the delay in the management of surgical diseases could result in significant morbidity and mortality.

Herein, we describe our experience with the management of Paediatric Surgical patients at our centre which is a tertiary level hospital catering to both COVID-19 positive and Non-COVID patients in all specialties.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, 69.41% fewer paediatric surgical patients underwent surgery relative to the corresponding period 1 year earlier. However, the number of emergency cases performed increased during the COVID pandemic by 62.12%, mostly involving, urological and gastrointestinal emergencies.

As we gain experience in effective protocol-based management, which can be revised based on the evolving scientific evidence. It will be appropriate to resume the elective work in selected patients, following the appropriate level of precautions.
As we gain experience in effective protocol-based management, which can be revised based on the evolving scientific evidence. It will be appropriate to resume the elective work in selected patients, following the appropriate level of precautions.
Choledochal cyst (CHC) is one of the most common causes of surgical jaundice in infants. In 1955, Farello et al. were the first to introduce the laparoscopic approach for treatment of CHC.

Minimally invasive approaches to the management of CHC excision have been done in pre-schoolers and above but have not yet been described in toddlers, let alone infants. Herein, we review the results of 10 consecutive children <1 year managed with laparoscopic CHC excision and hepaticoduodenostomy.

This retrospective study investigated 10 infants who underwent laparoscopic resection of a CHC with creation of a hepaticoduodenostomy.

This study was performed on 10 consecutive patients <1 year. Liver fibrosis was found in 4 patients. We had 7 cases with Type 1 CHCs and 3 cases with Type IV A cysts. Total cyst excision was done in all patients, no cases needed blood transfusion and the mean operative time was 200 min. The mean hospital stay was 6 days. Overall, morbidity occurred in 20% of the cases presenting with bouts of cholangitis that resolved without any intervention, once at 6 months, the other at 1-year post-operative. There were neither anastomotic strictures nor biliary fistula formation; magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was done to these two cases revealed no stricture and mortality at 30 and 90 days was nil.

Laparoscopic hepaticoduodenostomy in CHC in children <1 year is safe, with satisfactory short-term results.
Laparoscopic hepaticoduodenostomy in CHC in children less then 1 year is safe, with satisfactory short-term results.
Mesenteric cysts are rare intra-abdominal masses and high index of suspicion is required to clinically suspect this pathology and make a definitive diagnosis. They are most commonly located in the ileal mesentery but can be located anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract mesentery and may extend into the retroperitoneum. The rarity of these anomalies and diversity of clinical picture pose challenges in the diagnosis and operative management. The objective of this study is to determine the demographic pattern, clinicopathological diagnosis and management outcome of mesenteric cysts in our hospital.

This retrospective study was conducted on children operated for mesenteric cysts from October 2013 to September 2020. Statistical analysis was performed using Open Epi Version 3.01.

Out of 32 children with a diagnosis of mesenteric cyst, 78% were below 5 years of age. Small intestine was affected in 26 cases and large bowel mesentery was the site of origin in six cases. Complete excision of mesenteric cyst ware most commonly affected. Complete surgical excision is the optimal treatment and may require bowel resection in significant number of cases, especially those operated during emergency. Histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosis.
Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a congenital anomaly affecting the enteric nervous system commonly the rectosigmoid region. Treatment is surgical where the aganglionic segment is resected, and bowel continuity is achieved by a colo-anal anastomosis. In 1999, Georgeson et al. proposed a new technique of primary laparoscopic-assisted pull through for HD as a new gold standard.

To evaluate the outcome of the laparoscopic Duhamel procedure for the management of HD in children older than 3 years.

This study was performed on 8 patients who were more than 3-year-old, with confirmed diagnoses of HD. Patients who initially presented with enterocolitis or obstruction were excluded from this study. In all cases, laparoscopic-assisted Duhamel was done.

We reported our results for the 1
year follow-up period and divided our results into early outcome for the first 3 months postoperative during which we had 2 cases complaining of enterocolitis that responded to conservative treatment, we observed 2 cases of perianal excoriation that responded to medical treatment while the late outcome was reported after 3 months postoperative We had two cases with attacks of enterocolitis at 6 months and 9 months postoperatively that needed conservative treatment in the hospital in the form of parenteral antibiotics, rectal irrigation, intravenous fluids and NP0.
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