Notes

Vital and dangerous elements inside sardines and seafood around the Colombian marketplace.
To identify current trends in anaesthesia technique for cataract surgery and make this information available to ophthalmologists.

An electronic survey was created and distributed to members of online ophthalmology forums; results were subsequently analysed in spreadsheet software.

In total there were 71 completed surveys. The most preferred anaesthesia technique in cataract cases was topical anaesthesia with intracameral injection (
=34, 47.9%), and the least preferred techniques were retrobulbar (
=1, 1.4%) and peribulbar blocks (
=1, 1.4%). The most commonly preferred local anaesthetic was lidocaine 2% (
=41, 57.7%).

Topical anaesthesia techniques with lidocaine 2% appear to be the most preferred method of anaesthesia in cataract surgery in our survey. Compared with previous literature our survey shows that topical anaesthesia is being increasingly used in cataract surgery, especially in conjunction with intracameral injection. The predominant reasons for this seem to be patient comfort and ease of technique.
Topical anaesthesia techniques with lidocaine 2% appear to be the most preferred method of anaesthesia in cataract surgery in our survey. Compared with previous literature our survey shows that topical anaesthesia is being increasingly used in cataract surgery, especially in conjunction with intracameral injection. The predominant reasons for this seem to be patient comfort and ease of technique.With the continuing progress in space exploration, a new and perplexing condition related to spaceflight ocular syndrome has emerged in the past four decades. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has named this condition "spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome" (SANS). iJMJD6 This article gives an overview of the current research about SANS and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by analyzing the existing publications on PubMed and CNKI and reports from NASA about SANS, summarizing the potential pathogenesis of SANS and physical interventions for treating SANS, and discussing the feasibility of treating SANS with TCM. Due to the unique characteristics of the space environment, it is infeasible to conduct large-scale human studies of SANS. SANS may be the result of the interaction of multiple factors, including inflammation and fluid displacement in the optic nerve sheath and cerebrospinal fluid. We should pay attention to SANS. Visual function is not only related to the health of astronauts but also closely related to space operations. TCM has antioxidative stress and antiapoptotic effects and is widely used for optic nerve diseases. TCM has great potential to prevent SANS.
To evaluate the overall endophthalmitis incidence and the effectiveness of potential prophylaxis measures following phacoemulsification cataract surgery (PCS).

The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to April 30
, 2021. We included studies that reported on the incidence of endophthalmitis following PCS. The quality of the included studies was critically evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. The random effect or the fixed-effects model was used to evaluated the pooled incidence based on the heterogeneity. The publication bias was assessed by Egger's linear regression and Begg's rank correlation tests.

A total of 39 studies containing 5 878 114 eyes were included and critically appraised in the Meta-analysis. For overall incidence of endophthalmitis after PCS, the Meta-analysis yielded a pooled estimate of 0.092% (95%CI 0.083%-0.101%). The incidence appeared to decrease with time (before 2000 0.097%, 95%CI 0.060%-0.135%; 2000 to 2010 0.089%, 95%CI 0.076%-0.101%; after 2010 0.063%, 95%CI 0.050%-0.077%). Compared with typical povidone-iodine solution (0.178%, 95%CI 0.071%-0.285%) and antibiotics subconjunctival injections (0.047%, 95%CI 0.001%-0.095%), the use of intracameral antibiotics significantly reduced the incidence of endophthalmitis after PCS (0.045%, 95%CI 0.034%-0.055%, RR 7.942, 95%CI 4.510-13.985).

Due to the advancement of phacoemulsification technology and the widespread use of intracameral antibiotics, the incidence of endophthalmitis following PCS shows a decreasing trend over time. The use of intracameral antibiotics administration will significantly reduce the risk of endophthalmitis.
Due to the advancement of phacoemulsification technology and the widespread use of intracameral antibiotics, the incidence of endophthalmitis following PCS shows a decreasing trend over time. The use of intracameral antibiotics administration will significantly reduce the risk of endophthalmitis.
To estimate the prevalence of diabetic macular edema (DME) and clinically significant macular edema (CSME), and to assess their risk factors in a population with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) located in northeast China.

Patients were included from the Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study (FS-DIRECT), a community-based study conducted in northeast China. The presence of DME and CSME was determined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) retinopathy scale of fundus photographs. The age-standardized prevalence of DME and CSME was estimated. The association between DME/CSME and risk factors was analyzed in a multivariate Logistical analysis.

A total of 292 (15.4%) and 166 (8.8%) patients were diagnosed as DME and CSME, yielding the age and sex standardized prevalence of 13.5% (95%CI 11.9%-15.0%), and 7.1% (95%CI 5.9%-8.3%), respectively. Female patients had a higher prevalence of DME compared to their male counterparts (15.7%
10.4%,
=0.03). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that younger age, insulin use, proteinuria, longer duration of diabetes, and higher glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, were associated with the prevalence of DME and CSME. Patients with higher fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, and blood urea nitrogen were also found to be associated with DME.

Early fundus screening in diabetic patients is invaluable and given the relatively high prevalence of DME and CSME in this study cohort, those with a high risk of sight threatening maculopathy would invariably benefit from earlier detection.
Early fundus screening in diabetic patients is invaluable and given the relatively high prevalence of DME and CSME in this study cohort, those with a high risk of sight threatening maculopathy would invariably benefit from earlier detection.
To report the changes in detection rate and characteristics of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants, during a 12-year period in Northwest China.

The medical records of infants were retrospectively collected and reviewed using an established clinical database. The detection rate and severity of ROP were compared between two consecutive periods (P1 2008-2013, P2 2014-2019). Gender, gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), multiple births, delivery pattern, and postmenstrual age of the first fundus screen were analyzed in all visiting infants.

During the 12-year study period, 7832 infants were initially included; among them, 1266 (16.16%) were diagnosed with ROP, 441 of whom (5.63%) developed severe ROP. Throughout the study period, the total number of infants being screened showed a trend of slight fluctuation after a rapid increase; however, an annual increase was observed in the number of infants diagnosed with ROP and severe ROP. The proportion of each stage at the first screening of infants witary prevention network of ROP" is a potentially effective screening approach.
To evaluate the ophthalmic manifestations, radiographic features, and prognosis of Chinese patients with primary orbital mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS).

The study included 6 cases with primary orbital MCS treated at Tianjin Eye Hospital from January 2009 to December 2019. Patitent ophthalmic manifestations, radiographic features, diagnosis, pathology, therapeutic regimens, and prognosis were retrospectively reviewed.

Six patitents with primary orbital MCS were identified. The mean age at the first visit was 33y (range, 25-42y). All six patients displayed manifestations of exophthalmos, diplopia, limitation of eye displacement, upper eyelid oedema, decreased visual acuity and ptosis. The mean disease history and range were 5 and 2-8mo, respectively. The tumors were located in the superonasal extraconal compartment (2/6, 33.3%), intraconal compartment (2/6, 33.3%), and bitemporal extraconal compartment (2/6, 33.3%), respectively. Radiographic features were a well-defined, orbital mass with calcificationr experience, trimodality treatment of radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgery maybe the best option. Orbital MCS has a high tendency for late recurrence, regular long-term follow-up after complete excision is mandatory.
The possibilty of orbital MCS need to be considered when a painless, slowly growing orbital mass with calcification and ossification. From our experience, trimodality treatment of radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgery maybe the best option. Orbital MCS has a high tendency for late recurrence, regular long-term follow-up after complete excision is mandatory.
To compare the efficacy between two different silicone hydrogel bandage contact lenses after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (T-PRK).

In this randomized controlled trial, a total of 89 patients (178 eyes) who underwent T-PRK at the Qingdao Eye Hospital from October to December 2019 were selected. One random eye wore a Senofilcon A bandage contact lens after surgery, and the other eye a Balafilcon A bandage contact lens. Pain scores, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), corneal epithelial healing status, epithelial thickness, bandage lenses deposits, lenses movement, and ocular surface conditions were measured and compared.

There were no differences between the two groups in UCVA, SE, corneal epithelial healing status, corneal epithelial thickness, tear river heights and tear film rupture time at each follow-up visit. However, postoperative pain scores in the Senofilcon A group were significantly lower than those of the Balafilcon A group (

=67.833,
<0.001;

=383.773,
<0.001;

=57.344,
<0.001). The duration of pain in eyes in the Senofilcon A group was shorter than that of the Balafilcon A group (
=-3.326,
=0.001). The surface deposition scores and movement scores of Senofilcon A bandage lenses on the first and fourth days after surgery were lower than those of Balafilcon A bandage lenses (
=-5.385, -6.782,
<0.001;
=-8.336, -8.906,
<0.001).

Both Senofilcon A and Balafilcon A bandage lenses have good efficacy after T-PRK. Senofilcon A lenses are associated with less pain and more comfort compared to Balafilcon A.
Both Senofilcon A and Balafilcon A bandage lenses have good efficacy after T-PRK. Senofilcon A lenses are associated with less pain and more comfort compared to Balafilcon A.
To observe the changes in Schlemm's canal (SC), trabecular meshwork (TM), and anterior chamber relevant parameters after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) of myopia patients.

A total of 58 eyes from 30 patients who underwent SMILE were divided into a low and moderate myopia group (group A, 32 eyes) and a high myopia group (group B, 26 eyes). The diameter and area of the SC, the width and thickness of TM obtained by CIRRUS HD-OCT5000, and the related anterior chamber parameters obtained by Pentacam anterior segment analysis system, accommodation amplitude (AMP) were observed pre- and postoperatively. The preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and postoperative correction of intraocular pressure (IOPcc) were measured.

The diameter and area of the SC in the two groups were significantly increased postoperatively (all
<0.01). The TM width of the patients in the two groups were increased at 1mo after surgery (both
<0.01), but the TM thickness did not change (
>0.05). The corneal curvature, central anterior chamber depth, and anterior chamber volume decreased after SMILE surgery (all
<0.
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