Notes

Ultrasound-assisted elimination of boulardii yeast cell wall structure polysaccharides: Portrayal and its organic capabilities upon early-weaned lambs.
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) might have a detrimental impact on bone health in breast cancer (BC) women. Denosumab has been shown to reduce the risk of fractures, but the appropriate time for starting is yet to be clearly defined.

To evaluate the effects of early treatment with Denosumab (⩽ 12 months after starting AIs) compared to a delayed treatment in BC women.

In this retrospective case-control study, we included medical records of BC post-menopausal women, treated with AIs therapy; they were divided as study group (starting Denosumab ⩽ 12 months after AIs) and control group (> 12 months). At the baseline (T0) and at 18 months (T1), we evaluated the lumbar spine (LS) Tscore and femoral neck (FN) Tscore. Furthermore, at T1 we assessed the incident fragility fractures.

Fifty-nine BC survivors (mean age 61.5 ± 11.5 years) were included 28 with Early Denosumab and 31 with Late Denosumab. At T1, the study group did not show any incident hip or vertebral fragility fracture, whereas the Late Denosumab group showed 2 incident hip fractures (6.5%) and 4 (12.9%) vertebral fragility fractures. Early Denosumab showed a significant positive effect on both LS (p= 0.044) and FN (p= 0.024) Tscore variations.

Taken together, our findings suggest that an early start of Denosumab might be considered for the osteoporosis management in BC women undergoing AIs.
Taken together, our findings suggest that an early start of Denosumab might be considered for the osteoporosis management in BC women undergoing AIs.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic low back pain (CLBP) requires a treatment period of ⩾ 6 weeks to decrease pain and disability and is ineffective as sole treatment. Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) has rapid effects in musculoskeletal disorders.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 3-week combined TENS and IASTM treatment (TICT) on CLBP.

Thirty-two young men with CLBP were randomly divided into the TICT and control groups (n= 16 each). Patients were evaluated with the visual analog (VAS) and face pain-rating scales (FPRS) for pain, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and passive straight leg raise (PSLR) test for flexibility, and the supine bridge test (SBT) for endurance before and after the treatment course. The TICT group received TICT on the lower back, glutes, and hamstrings, six times in 3 weeks.

Group, time, and group × time interaction effects on pain were significant (VAS and FPRS, all p< 0.001). Group × time interaction (ODI, p< 0.001; PSLR, p< 0.05; SBT, p< 0.01) and group (ODI, p< 0.05) and time main effects (ODI, p< 0.001; PSLR, p< 0.01; SBT, p< 0.001) on motor function were significant.

Thus, short-term TICT decreased pain level and increased motor function in CLBP patients, yet further investigation is needed on different age and gender groups.
Thus, short-term TICT decreased pain level and increased motor function in CLBP patients, yet further investigation is needed on different age and gender groups.
Electronic media have become integral parts of modern life, in which prolonged screen viewing time (SVT) by children is nearly unavoidable. Prolonged use of smartphones could lead to musculoskeletal problems.

To investigate the effect of SVT on head and neck posture during and after using smartphones for various periods of time in either standing or sitting postures.

This observational study included 34 male children aged 5-12 years who were assigned to one of two groups based on average smartphone use duration per day group A comprised 18 children averaging > 4 hours per day (h/day) of smartphone use, and group B comprised 16 children with < 4 h/day of smartphone use. The children's postures were photographed in standing and sitting positions while using a smartphone and 30 min after ceasing smartphone use. The head flexion, neck flexion, gaze, and craniocervical angles were measured using the software program Kinovea.

Significant increases were found in head flexion, neck flexion, and gaze angles. Furthermore, both groups saw a significant decrease in craniocervical angle when sitting compared to when standing, both during and 30 min after smartphone use. The head flexion, neck flexion, and gaze angles of group A were significantly higher than those of group B, and the craniocervical angle of group A was significantly lower than that of group B in both postures (p< 0.05).

SVT is associated with increased neck and head flexion posture in children, especially in a sitting position.
SVT is associated with increased neck and head flexion posture in children, especially in a sitting position.
The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of kinesiology tape in treating hemiplegic shoulder pain.

Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, six other English databases and three Chinese databases (CNKI, VIP, Wan Fang) were searched for randomized controlled trials published prior to December 13, 2020 in English or Chinese on the use of kinesiology tape for hemiplegic shoulder pain.

Fourteen randomized controlled trials (679 patients) of good PEDro quality (6.43 ± 1.09) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results for pain (SMD -0.92, 95% CI -1.10 to -0.74, P< 0.001, 10 RCTs, 539 patients), range of motion (SMD 2.27, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.32, P< 0.001, 7 studies, 320 patients), the acromion humeral distance (SMD -0.62, 95% CI -0.88 to -0.37, P< 0.001, 7 RCTs, 246 patients) and the FMA-UE score (SMD 0.66, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.91, P< 0.001, 5 RCTs, 263 patients) suggested that therapeutic kinesiology tape relieved pain, increased ROM, shortened the acromion humer to a greater extent than did the sham KT or blank control conditions. The effects on independence in activities of daily living and quality of life and whether this method is superior to active treatment in patients with HSP were not verified. More rigorous, reasonably designed RCTs with large sample sizes are still needed in the future.
Sex and gender affect responses to pain, but little is known about disability and quality of life.

To investigate the effects of sex and gender on disability and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with low back pain.

Ninety-three patients with low back pain were included in this cross-sectional survey study. Disability, HRQOL and gender identity were respectively assessed with the Oswestry Disability Index, Short Form-36 and Bem Sex Role Inventory. The participants were classified into four gender role orientations (masculinity, femininity, androgyny and undifferentiated). One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze both the sex and the gender role orientation.

Females had higher disability than males (p< 0.05), but in gender identity, no significant difference was found. Seven domains of HRQOL were lower than the healthy norms. Males experienced greater impacts than females on vitality and mental health (p< 0.05). For gender identity, five domains of HRQOL had significant differences (p< 0.05). Masculinity orientation had the least impact on four domains (p< 0.05), while undifferentiated orientation had the largest impact on all domains.

Sex and gender effects can be used to analyze disability and HRQOL in patients with low back pain. Females have higher disability, while HRQOL is greatly influenced by different gender role orientations.
Sex and gender effects can be used to analyze disability and HRQOL in patients with low back pain. Females have higher disability, while HRQOL is greatly influenced by different gender role orientations.
The lower back is the most common injury location in pole vaulters, but the prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis and intervertebral disc degeneration is not known.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis and intervertebral disc degeneration in pole vaulters.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Tokai area of Japan and included 21 pole vaulters (mean ± standard deviation [range] age, 22.2 ± 3.2 [18-28] years; height, 172.2 ± 4.7 [165.0-182.0] cm; body weight, 67.6 ± 7.3 [54.0- 80.0] kg). The majority of pole vaulters were collegiate athletes. We performed anterior, lateral, and oblique radiography at 45∘ and magnetic resonance imaging in the sagittal and coronal planes of the lumbar spine. The evaluation was performed independently of whether the athletes had lower back pain (LBP). Moreover, we investigated the duration of pole-vaulting experience and history and current presence of LBP using a questionnaire.

The prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis and intervertebral disc degeneration was 28.6% (6/21) and 38.1% (8/21), respectively. Herniation was found in six discs in four vaulters (19.0%). All athletes had a history of LBP. The prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis was high (28.6%).

Sport-specific movements performed by pole vaulters may be a risk factor for lumbar spondylolysis.
Sport-specific movements performed by pole vaulters may be a risk factor for lumbar spondylolysis.
Paralabral cysts are a rare cause of shoulder pain. Linear ultrasound transducers are often used for musculoskeletal evaluation and intervention. check details However, the use of linear transducer is limited when the target structure is located deep and blocked by bony barriers, as is the case of paralabral ganglion cysts.

This case report aims to describe a beneficial role of using a convex transducer on the evaluation and ultrasonography-guided intervention of paralabral cysts below the acromion.

Two patients visiting the outpatient clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation complained of severe pain during shoulder movement. Ultrasound scans with linear transducer detected rotator cuff lesions. Shoulder MRIs performed because of persistent pain despite ultrasound-guided bursa injection at the subacromial-subdeltoid bursa using a linear array transducer, confirmed paralabral cysts. Although a linear array transducer could not visualize the lesion but could only perform suprascapular nerve block and intra-articular injection, the use of a convex array transducer improved the visualization of the cystic lesion which we treated using ultrasound-guided aspiration and intra-cystic injection. Visual analog scale and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index were checked to assess the treatment effect of each intervention. The intra-cystic injection with aspiration and intra-articular injection showed minimal to moderate improvement of pain score.

In pain related to shoulder movement, especially pain that continues despite appropriate treatment for rotator cuff lesions, ultrasound diagnosis of paralabral ganglion cysts using convex transducers will improve the diagnostic value and accuracy of intervention.
In pain related to shoulder movement, especially pain that continues despite appropriate treatment for rotator cuff lesions, ultrasound diagnosis of paralabral ganglion cysts using convex transducers will improve the diagnostic value and accuracy of intervention.
The aim of the study was to identify the efficacy of dynamic fixation using rigid tape (RT) in rehabilitation after surgery of terrible triad injury of the elbow (TTIE).

Sixty patients who underwent surgery of TTIE were equally randomly divided into RT group and hinged external fixation brace (HEFB) group. Dynamic fixations were applied for 8 weeks. General rehabilitation programs were performed for 3months, 5 times a week. Follow-up (FU) was at six months. Main outcomes included pain (Visual Analogue Scale, VAS), muscle strength, range of motion (ROM), Elbow Function (Mayo Elbow Performance Index, MEPI), Quality of Life (QOL) (Short Form 36 Questionnaire, SF-36).

There were significant time x group interactions for pain, ROM, MEPI, SF-36 (all p= 0.000), which demonstrated positive efficacy of both the two interventions. Difference at each time-point (except for baseline) of pain and ROM between the two groups was statistically significant (all p< 0.05). Some differences between the two groups were not statistically significant which at 14d on MEPI (p= 0.
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