Notes

Crystal Framework of an Retroviral Polyprotein: Magic size Foamy Computer virus Protease-Reverse Transcriptase (PR-RT).
rogeneous population, identify environmental sources of Ni and exposure pathways, and evaluate the link between Ni and MeN pathogenesis are urgently needed.
During their workday, nurses face a variety of stressors that are dealt with using different coping strategies. One criticism of the contextual models of work stress is that they fail to focus on individual responses like coping with stress. Neverthless, little is know about the momentary determinants of coping in nurses.

To identify the momentary predictors of problem-focused approaching coping and emotion-focused approaching coping, as well as those for seeking social support and refusal coping strategies, during the working day in nurses.

This study uses descriptive, correlational, two-level design with repeated measures.

Wards of two University hospitals.

A random cohort of 113 nurses was studied.

An ecological momentary assessment was made of demand, control, effort, reward, nursing task, coping, mood and fatigue, and of coping style by questionnaire. Multilevel two-level statistical analyses were performed in order to identify both within person and between person relationships.

Different momentary types of coping were associated with different tasks. The problem-focused coping could be explained by the direct care and medication tasks, demand, planning coping style, mood, and negatively by acceptation coping style. Emotion-focused coping could be explained by documentation and medication tasks (negatively), mood, demand, distraction, and disengagement coping styles. Seeking social support coping could be explained by the task of communication, mood, fatigue (negatively), and seeking emotional support as a coping style. Refusal coping could be explained by mood, and the coping style of focusing and venting emotions. Refusal coping is not specific to any task.

The choice of the coping strategy depends on the task, of their appraisal and on the different styles of coping.
The choice of the coping strategy depends on the task, of their appraisal and on the different styles of coping.The Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS 2014) revealed changing patterns in the contraceptive use of young women aged 15-24, shifting from injectable methods to implants. Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is user friendly, long-term, and more effective than other modern methods. It could be a game-changer in dealing with unintended pregnancies and herald a new chapter in the reproductive health and rights of young women. This study determined the factors associated with LARC use among adolescent girls and young women to expand the evidence of its potential as the most effective method of reducing unwanted pregnancies among the cohort. This study analysed secondary data from KDHS 2014 using binary logistic regression. The findings showed a rise in LARC use (18%), with identified predictors of reduced odds being aged 15-19 [OR = 0.735, 95% CI = 0.549-0.984], residence (rural) [OR = 0.674, CI = 0.525-0.865], religion (Protestant/other Christian) [OR = 0.377, CI = 0.168-0.842], married, [OR = 0.746, CI = 0.592-0.940], and region (high contraception) [OR = 0.773, CI = 0.626-0.955], while the number of living children showed increased odds for 1-2 children [OR = 17.624, CI = 9.482-32.756] and 3+ children [OR = 23.531, CI = 11.751-47.119]. This study established the rising popularity of LARC and identified factors that can be addressed to promote it. Its increased uptake could help Kenya achieve the International Conference on Population and Development 25's first and second commitments on teenage pregnancies and maternal and new-born health, thus promoting the health, wellbeing, educational goals, and rights of this critical cohort. This study can guide the accelerated efforts needed in Kenya's march towards the five zeros of unmet need for contraception, teenage pregnancies, unsafe abortions, preventable maternal deaths, and preventable neonatal/infant deaths.The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been the subject of many studies aimed at understanding mechanisms of adaptation to environmental stresses. Most of these studies have focused on adaptation to sub-lethal stresses, upon which a stereotypic transcriptional program called the environmental stress response (ESR) is activated. However, the genetic and regulatory factors that underlie the adaptation and survival of yeast cells to stresses that cross the lethality threshold have not been systematically studied. Here, we utilized a combination of gene expression profiling, deletion-library fitness profiling, and experimental evolution to systematically explore adaptation of S. cerevisiae to acute exposure to threshold lethal ethanol concentrations-a stress with important biotechnological implications. We found that yeast cells activate a rapid transcriptional reprogramming process that is likely adaptive in terms of post-stress survival. We also utilized repeated cycles of lethal ethanol exposure to evolve yeast strains with substantially higher ethanol tolerance and survival. Importantly, these strains displayed bulk growth-rates that were indistinguishable from the parental wild-type strain. Remarkably, these hyper-ethanol tolerant strains had reprogrammed their pre-stress gene expression states to match the likely adaptive post-stress response in the wild-type strain. Our studies reveal critical determinants of yeast survival to lethal ethanol stress and highlight potentially general principles that may underlie evolutionary adaptation to lethal stresses in general.Heat is a major abiotic stress that seriously affects watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) production. However, its effects may be mitigated through grafting watermelon to heat tolerant bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) rootstocks. Understanding the genetic basis of heat tolerance and development of reliable DNA markers to indirectly select for the trait are necessary in breeding for new varieties with heat tolerance. The objectives of this study were to investigate the inheritance of heat tolerance and identify molecular markers associated with heat tolerance in bottle gourd. A segregating F2 population was developed from a cross between two heat tolerant and sensitive inbred lines. JAK inhibitor The population was phenotyped for relative electrical conductivity (REC) upon high temperature treatment which was used as an indicator for heat tolerance. QTL-seq was performed to identify regions associated with heat tolerance. We found that REC-based heat tolerance in this population exhibited recessive inheritance. Seven heat-tolerant quantitative trait loci (qHT1.1, qHT2.1, qHT2.2, qHT5.1, qHT6.1, qHT7.1, and qHT8.1) were identified with qHT2.1 being a promising major-effect QTL. In the qHT2.1 region, we identified three non-synonymous SNPs that were potentially associated with heat tolerance. These SNPs were located in the genes that may play roles in pollen sterility, intracellular transport, and signal recognition. Association of the three SNPs with heat tolerance was verified in segregating F2 populations, which could be candidate markers for marker assisted selection for heat tolerance in bottle gourd. The qHT2.1 region is an important finding that may be used for fine mapping and discovery of novel genes associated with heat tolerance in bottle gourd.In recent decades, the global incidence of dengue has increased. Affected countries have responded with more effective surveillance strategies to detect outbreaks early, monitor the trends, and implement prevention and control measures. We have applied newly developed machine learning approaches to identify laboratory-confirmed dengue cases from 4,894 emergency department patients with dengue-like illness (DLI) who received laboratory tests. Among them, 60.11% (2942 cases) were confirmed to have dengue. Using just four input variables [age, body temperature, white blood cells counts (WBCs) and platelets], not only the state-of-the-art deep neural network (DNN) prediction models but also the conventional decision tree (DT) and logistic regression (LR) models delivered performances with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves areas under curves (AUCs) of the ranging from 83.75% to 85.87% [for DT, DNN and LR 84.60% ± 0.03%, 85.87% ± 0.54%, 83.75% ± 0.17%, respectively]. Subgroup analyses found all the modilitate medical and public health efforts to minimize the health threat of dengue epidemics. However, laboratory confirmation remains the primary goal of surveillance and outbreak investigation.
Short-course chemotherapy comprising isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide has proved to be highly effective in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). However, the most common adverse effect of this regimen leading to interruption of therapy is hepatotoxicity. There is a paucity of evidence in Tigray region on anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatitis. link2 Therefore, this study aims to determine the magnitude, outcomes, and associated factors of drug-induced hepatitis in Ayder specialized comprehensive hospital tuberculosis clinic.

An institution-based cross-sectional study was done on 188 cases of patients who took anti-tuberculosis drugs from August 4, 2015 to June 30, 2018 in tuberculosis clinic, Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northern Ethiopia. Data on socio-demography, clinical characteristics and magnitude of the incidence and outcome of anti-tuberculosis drugs-induced hepatitis were collected using structured checklist from patients' records using census method. Then, we entered an-induced hepatitis was high. Patients with low baseline serum albumin, taking other hepatotoxic drugs and having preexisting liver disease should be followed with serial liver enzymes after initiation of anti-tuberculosis medications. These patients should be followed with frequent measurement of liver enzymes to assess for the development of drug-induced hepatitis.
The incidence of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatitis was high. Patients with low baseline serum albumin, taking other hepatotoxic drugs and having preexisting liver disease should be followed with serial liver enzymes after initiation of anti-tuberculosis medications. link3 These patients should be followed with frequent measurement of liver enzymes to assess for the development of drug-induced hepatitis.The domestication of Indonesian cattle was investigated through a study of their genetic diversity, up to the genome level. Little documentation exists regarding the history of domestication of Indonesian cattle and questions remain despite a growing body of molecular evidence. In this study, we genotyped seven Indonesian cattle breeds using an Illumina BovineSNP50 Bead Chip to provide insight into their domestication and demographic history in a worldwide population context. Our analyses indicated the presence of hybrid cattle, with Bos javanicus and Bos indicus ancestries being most prevalent, as well as purebred cattle. We revealed that all the breeds were interconnected through several migration events. However, their demographic status varied widely. Although almost all the Indonesian cattle had an effective population size higher than the minimum level required to ensure breed fitness, efforts are still needed to maintain their genetic variability and purity.
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