Notes

Coverage as well as aspects related to mom and newborn skin-to-skin contact in Nigeria: a new multilevel investigation.
Viruses are known as the major causative agents for infectious diseases globally. this website The coronaviruses are one of the serious pathogens to cause serious diseases in humans. Recently identified SARS-CoV-2 from Wuhan City, China has emerged as a serious threat to human health and caused a global pandemic. Bats have been confirmed as a primary source of infection. The vaccination of the human population and animals serving as a potential reservoir is a straight forward strategy to control the transmission of any pathogen to humans. Natural products from many herbal plants are well known to have novel antiviral properties and evaluated against various viral diseases. link2 There are many alkaloids have shown to be effective against coronaviruses.

Recently, the antiviral efficacy of natural alkaloids known as Homoharringtonine (HTT) and Emetine has been evaluated and provided promising results against coronaviruses including SARS-CoVs. These alkaloids may be very useful and can be used as antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 because they have already been reported to inhibit the replication of SASRS-CoV and other viruses in cell lines.

This review specifically focuses on the recent findings of these alkaloids against coronaviruses and possible treatment options for SARS-CoV-2. It is expected that natural products as alkaloids from herbal plants could be considered as novel and valuable candidates for the new antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2.
This review specifically focuses on the recent findings of these alkaloids against coronaviruses and possible treatment options for SARS-CoV-2. It is expected that natural products as alkaloids from herbal plants could be considered as novel and valuable candidates for the new antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2.
Despite the great interest and numerous studies, there is currently no unified standard describing the sequential manipulation with cells to obtain exosomes for clinical use.The use of exosomes has become an attractive alternative to cell therapy, since the flexible nature of these biological vesicles allows scientists to manipulate their composition to produce the desired exosomes carrying specific drugs, RNA and proteins. This study aimed to analyse scientific literature on the changes in the functional characteristics of exosomes, depending on the method of manipulation, potentially contributing to the development of negative effects in the treatment of diseases of inflammatory genesis Results. The choice of isolation method affects the expressed sets of protein markers, nucleic acids and receptors on microparticles. Various surface receptors present on the exosome membrane can be engineered to target lesions. Exosomes from healthy patients help to reduce inflammation, normalize intercellular communication and have antifibrotic, antioxidant, and cytoprotective effects. Exosomes can change the microenvironment, but the microenvironment can also change the composition of exosomes.

Exosomes obtained from sick patients carry markers characteristic of the corresponding disease. Such exosomes can have pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, cytotoxic, and oncogenic properties, and disrupt cellular cooperation. Until now, questions regarding the dose, reactions to repeated administration, and dosage regimes have not been completely resolved.
Exosomes obtained from sick patients carry markers characteristic of the corresponding disease. Such exosomes can have pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, cytotoxic, and oncogenic properties, and disrupt cellular cooperation. Until now, questions regarding the dose, reactions to repeated administration, and dosage regimes have not been completely resolved.
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent a serious problem in a number of countries around the world and especially in Africa and South America, affecting mostly the poor population which has limited access to the healthcare system. The drugs currently used for the treatment of NTDs are dated many decades ago and consequently, present in some cases very low efficacy, high toxicity and development of drug resistance. In the search for more efficient chemotherapeutic agents for NTDs a large number of different compound classes have been synthesized and tested. Among them, ether phospholipids with their prominent member miltefosine, are considered as one of the most promising.

This review summarizes the literature concerning the development of antiparasitic phospholipid derivatives, describing the efforts towards more efficient and less toxic analogues while, providing an overview of the mechanism of action of this compound class against trypanosomatids.

Phospholipid analogues are already known for their antiprotozoal activity. Several studies have been conducted in order to synthesize novel derivatives with the aim to improve current treatments such as miltefosine, with promising results. Photolabeling and fluorescent alkyl phospholipid analogues have contributed to the clarification of the mode of action of this drug family.
Phospholipid analogues are already known for their antiprotozoal activity. Several studies have been conducted in order to synthesize novel derivatives with the aim to improve current treatments such as miltefosine, with promising results. Photolabeling and fluorescent alkyl phospholipid analogues have contributed to the clarification of the mode of action of this drug family.
Herein, a new chitosan supported ytterbium nano-catalyst has been prepared and used for mild, efficient, and expeditious method for the synthesis of substituted piperidine derivatives via three component condensation of substituted anilines, formaldehyde and different cyclic/acyclic active methylene compounds at room temperature.

The catalyst was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, ICP-AES and the stability of catalyst was evaluated by TG analysis. The synthesized compound 3,3,11,11-Tetramethyl-15-(phenyl)-15- azadispiro[5.1.5.3]hexadecane-1,5,9,13-tetrone (3a) was explored for pBR322 DNA cleavage activity and genotoxicity for the first time. Further, the interaction study of 3a with CT-DNA was investigated through UV-vis, Fluorescence and Viscosity method.

The successful preparation of Yb/chitosan nano-catalyst was proved using various techniques and the catalyst was found effective towards substituted piperidine formations with the catalyst reusability. Further, compound 3a was successfully tested for DNA cleavage activity. In addition, Fluorescence results revealed that compound 3a interacts with DNA having a binding affinity of 4.84 x 104 M-1 .

Hence, it could be suggested that compounds bearing spiro-piperidine scaffold synthesized using reusable nano-catalyst would be an effective biological agent.
Hence, it could be suggested that compounds bearing spiro-piperidine scaffold synthesized using reusable nano-catalyst would be an effective biological agent.Viral hepatitis in pregnancy constitutes a complex issue, requiring meticulous management due to the potential potent compromise of both mother's and fetus' health. Hepatitis B and C are implicated with a high risk for chronicity, whereas hepatitis A and hepatitis E have an acute course. In pre-existing viral disease, pregnancy may lead to exacerbation of the disease's course due to a plethora of hormonal, immunological and genetic alterations. Vice versa, viral hepatitis, acute or chronic, during pregnancy, can cause gestational complications that may lead to significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Mother to child transmission of hepatitis B and C virus, in high prevalence areas, has been recognized as a major cause of chronic viral infection and related complications in children. Due to the physiologic alterations in pregnancy, therapeutic indications may differ from those in the general population and there is an expanding field of research on available drugs and vaccines efficacy and safety during pregnancy. Of utmost importance remains the implementation of a preventive strategy in order to reduce the rates of vertical transmission. Universal screening of pregnant women, assessing the risk of transmission and determining the mode of delivery and the impact of breastfeeding are crucial aspects of this strategy. This review summarizes the impact of viral hepatitis in pregnancy, strategies of prevention of vertical transmission and available treatments.
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) has become a major global health concern and is associated with increased risk of poor outcomes. Identifying risk factors in patients with AF can be challenging, given the high burden of comorbidities in these patients. Risk stratification schemes appear to facilitate accurate prediction of outcomes and assist therapeutic management decisions.

To summarize current evidence on risk stratification scores for patients with AF.

Traditional risk models rely heavily on demographics and comorbidities, while newer tools have been gradually focusing on novel biomarkers and diagnostic imaging to facilitate more personalized risk assessment. Several studies have been conducted to compare existing risk schemes and identify specific patient populations in which the prognostic ability of each scheme excels. However, current guidelines do not appear to encourage implementation of risk models in clinical practice, as they have not incorporated new ones in their recommendations for management of patients with AF since almost a decade.

Further work is warranted to analyze new reliable risk stratification schemes and optimally implement them into routine clinical life.
Further work is warranted to analyze new reliable risk stratification schemes and optimally implement them into routine clinical life.Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an established risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and patients with DM are at a two to four-fold higher cardiovascular risk, including myocardial infraction, unstable angina, stroke, and heart failure. All of the above have arisen interest in CVD preventive strategies by the use of non-invasive methods, such as risk scores. The most common approach is to consider DM as a CVD equivalent and, therefore, to treat patients with DM in a similar way to those who required secondary CVD prevention. However, this approach has been disputed as all patients with DM do not have the same risk for CVD and since other potentially important factors within the context of DM, such as DM duration, presence of albuminuria, and comorbidities, should be taken into consideration. Thus, the second and third approach is the application of risk models that were either developed initially for the general population or designed specifically for patients with DM, respectively. This review summarizes the evidence and implications for clinical practice regarding these scores. Up to date, several models that can be applied to the diabetic population have been proposed. link3 However, only a few meet the minimum requirement of adequate external validation. In addition, moderate discrimination and poor calibration, which might lead to inaccurate risk estimations in populations with different characteristics, have been reported. Therefore, future research is needed before recommending a specific risk model for universal clinical practice in the management of diabetes.
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